• 대한간호학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.437-445
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to identify pain perception (P-PER) by nurses and pain expression (P-EXP) by patients in critical care units (ICUs) and degree of agreement between nurses' P-PER and patients' P-EXP. Methods: Nurses' P-PER was measured with a self-administered questionnaire completed by 99 nurses working in ICUs during May, 2013. Patients' P-EXP was measured with the Critical Care Non-Verbal Pain Scale through observations of 31 ICU patients during nine nursing procedures (NPs) performed between May and July, 2013. Results: Nurses' P-PER was from 4.49 points for nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion to 0.83 for blood pressure (BP) measurement based on a 9-point scale, Patients' P-EXP was 4.48 points for NGT to 0.18 for BP measurement based on a 10-point scale. Eight NPs except oral care showed higher scores for nurses' P-PER than for patients' P-EXP. Position change (p=.019), subcutaneous injection (p<.001), blood sugar test (p<.001), and BP measurement (p<.001) showed significant differences between nurses' P-PER and patients' P-EXP. Conclusion: Nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion was scored highest by both nurses and patients. Eight NPs except 'oral care' showed nurses' P-PER was higher or similar to patients' P-EXP, which indicates that nurses may overestimate procedural pain experienced by patients.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.688-696
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• 2021

본 연구는 피부미용 프랜차이즈 시스템의 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 한국과 미국의 피부미용 프랜차이즈 현황, 개설비용 및 서비스 내용을 조사하고 비교 분석하였다. 피부미용 프랜차이즈 현황 비교 분석 결과 한국과 미국 모두 주력 아이템은 페이셜 케어와 바디 케어이며 가맹점 수는 한국이 평균 54개로 미국의 평균 361개보다 적으나 이것은 프랜차이즈 시장 규모, 국토의 면적과 인구 등의 영향이 크다고 판단되었다. 개설 비용 비교 분석 결과 미국의 가맹비는 한국의 최대 가맹비보다 약1.5배 높으며 로열티는 한국이 20-60만원(월), 미국은 연간 매출액의 5-6%를 지급하며 Net Worth Requirement, Cash Requirement 등 개인 자산 확인을 필요로 하였다. 미국은 스파를 운영하는 업체가 많아 비용적인 부분에서 한국과 차이가 있었고, 교육 시스템에 대해 한국은 비용, 미국은 시간으로 정해져 있었다. 프랜차이즈에서 제공하는 서비스 내용 비교 결과 양국 모든 업체에서 페이셜 케어와 바디 케어를 중심으로 하고 있으며 한국은 대부분 브라이달 케어, 연구소를 운영하며 미국은 왁싱과 남성 관리, 핫 스톤, 스파 서비스를 추가로 운영하고 있었다. 양국 간의 기후나 인종 등의 차이와 함께 사회문화적인 분위기와 피부미용을 대하는 양국 간의 인식의 차이, 특히 개방도의 차이가 반영된 결과라고 판단된다. 향후 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 국내 피부미용 프랜차이즈 시스템을 발전적으로 보완한다면 해외 미용산업 프랜차이즈 시장에서 성장 가능할 것으로 전망된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

The Background and Purpose : Most diagnostic method for the facial palsy were invasive and complex. And we don't know very well prognosis for the recovery of facial palsy in the first stage after the onset. But the Digital Infrared Thermal Image(DITI) isn't invasive and complex diagnostic method for the facial palsy. So we should study on the clinical prognostic diagnosis of Bell's palsy among facial palsy with the DITI. Objective and Methods : This study researched into the clinical statistics for 89 case who are in Bell's palsy, and they are treated with oriental medical care at the Woosuk university during 2 years form November 1998 to October 2000. All objectives have the Grade 6(Zero state) of Bell's palsy in first week after the onset. It takes a patient's facial temperature after the onset. Group A is taken from 1 day to 4 days after the onset. Group B is taken from 5 day to 8 days after the onset. And group C is taken from 9 day to 12 days after the onset. Results and Conclusions : The Digital Infrared thermal image technique showed the more high temperature, the more rapid cure and short treatment period on TE23, B2, S3, S6 in abnormal site of Bell's palsy. But it showed the more low temperature, the more rapid cure and short treatment period on TE17 of abnormal site of Bell's palsy. As a conclusion, we could think that the prognostic diagnosis of Bell's palsy closely related with the thermal difference normal and abnormal site of Bell's palsy that were took picture after the onset.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.449-465
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the effects of food habits and life style on the skin health of young Korean females in their late teens and twenties. The study focused on facial skin and used a self-administered questionnaire survey, an examination of skin type, and pH tests. More than half of the females had combination skin type or pH level higher than 5.8 which is regarded as normal. The variables that turned out to significantly (p<0.05) effect their facial skin types were body mass index (BMI), the type of residence, the amount of water intake, whether or not they intake drinks, the frequency and amount of alcohol drinking, favorite foods as side dishes at meals, intake frequency of fruit, the dairy, seaweed, and fast food, the frequency of washing their faces per day, the method of how they used water during face washing, whether or not they had professional skin care, and whether or not they wore color make up. The variables of the females' age, BMI, the amount of alcohol drinking, the frequency and duration of exercise, the controlling methods of stress, their favorite foods as side dishes at meals, and the intake frequency of soy products or animal foods significantly affected their facial pH levels (p<0.05). The results of this study indicate that some food habits and life styles are significantly related with facial skin health. More importantly BMI and favorite foods as side dishes during daily food intake could have remarkable effects on facial skin health.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제39권
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• pp.23.1-23.8
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• 2017

Background: The aim of this study is to validate a new three-dimensional craniofacial stereophotogrammetry imaging system (3dMDface) through comparison with manual facial surface anthropometry. The null hypothesis was that there is no difference between craniofacial measurements using anthropometry vs. the 3dMDface system. Methods: Facial images using the new 3dMDface system were taken from six randomly selected subjects, sitting in natural head position, on six separate occasions each 1 week apart, repeated twice at each sitting. Exclusion criteria were excess facial hair, facial piercings and undergoing current dentofacial treatment. 3dMDvultus software allowed facial landmarks to be marked and measurements recorded. The same measurements were taken using manual anthropometry, using soluble eyeliner to pinpoint landmarks, and sliding and spreading callipers and measuring tape to measure distances. The setting for the investigation was a dental teaching hospital and regional (secondary and tertiary care) cleft centre. The main outcome measure was comparison of the craniofacial measurements using the two aforementioned techniques. Results: The results showed good agreement between craniofacial measurements using the 3dMDface system compared with manual anthropometry. For all measurements, except chin height and labial fissure width, there was a greater variability with the manual method compared to 3D assessment. Overall, there was a significantly greater variability in manual compared with 3D assessments (p < 0.02). Conclusions: The 3dMDface system is validated for craniofacial measurements.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권12B호
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• pp.1192-1198
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• 2010

삶의 질이 향상되면서 현대 사회에서는 건강에 대한 관심도가 높아져 질병이 발생되기 전에 조기에 진단하여 예방하는 대체의학이 건강 패턴의 중심으로 자리잡고 있다. 이러한 대체의학 중 귀에 침을 자입하여 치료를 하는 것이 이침(耳針)요법이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 신장과 관련된 이(耳)혈 상응점을 자극하여 신장의 기능이 향상되는 것을 얼굴 영역 색상 분석 기반 기술의 적용으로 실험을 수행하였다. 이를 위해 동일한 조건에서 시행되는 신장 이혈 상응점을 자극하기 전과 후의 얼굴 영상을 수집하였다. 수집된 얼굴 영상에서 신장과 관련된 지각 부위에 대해 CMYK 색체계 중 K값과 Lab 색체계 중 L값의 변화율을 추출, 분석하여 신장 기능의 향상 정도를 실험하는 연구를 수행하였다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제56권11호
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• pp.598-604
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• 2018

Cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema is defined as the abnormal introduction of air into the subcutaneous tissues of the head and neck. It is mainly iatrogenic and traumatic in origin. Our two case reports are also due to the same cause, but the features of the trauma and the site of the dental treatment are different from the existing reports. A 29-year-old man visited our hospital with facial swelling and pain after experiencing facial trauma in a soccer game. Another 55-year-old woman visited with similar symptoms after replacement of her maxillary anterior fixed prosthesis. In the two cases presented, subcutaneous emphysema was gradually treated with no complications during antibiotic prophylaxis and supportive care. In this paper, we report two cases of traumatic and iatrogenic subcutaneous emphysema and their diagnoses, etiologies, complications, and treatments based on a literature review.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2022

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) refers to a set of procedures aimed at altering the features of a masculine face to achieve a more feminine appearance. In the second part of this two-part series, assessment and operations involving the midface, mandible, and chin, as well as soft tissue modification of the nasolabial complex and chondrolaryngoplasty, are discussed. Finally, we provide a review of the literature on patient-reported outcomes in this population following FFS and suggest a path forward to optimize care for FFS patients.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2023

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT), which was initially believed to be a subtype of mesothelioma, has been reported to occur outside the pleura. In the head and neck region, it primarily manifests in the oral or nasal cavity, with rare occurrences in the facial region. A 40-year-old woman visited our hospital with a mass on her chin. Prior to surgery, involuntary movement was observed in the ipsilateral corner of the mouth upon palpation of the mass. Special care was taken during the surgical procedure to avoid damaging the facial nerve. The mass was excised, and histological examination and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of an SFT. Here, we present the first reported case of an SFT diagnosed in a jaw mass in Korea. The objective of this study was to highlight the importance of the diagnostic accuracy of SFTs in lower jaw masses.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2014

Purpose: Maxillofacial fractures are rapidly increasing from car accidents, industrial accidents, teenaged criminal activity, and sports injuries. Accurate assessment, appropriate diagnosis, and preparing individual treatment plans are necessary to reduce surgical complications. We investigated recent trends of facial bone fracture by period, cause, and type, with the objective of reducing surgical complications. Methods: To investigate time trends of maxillofacial fractures, we reviewed medical records from 2,196 patients with maxillofacial fractures in 1981~1987 (Group A), 1995~1999 (Group B), and 2008~2012 (Group C). We analyzed each group, comparing the number of patients, sex ratio, age, fracture site, and etiology. Results: The number of patients in each period was 418, 516, and 1,262 in Groups A to C. Of note is the increase in the number of patients from Group A to C. The sex ratios were 5.6:1, 3.5:1, and 3.8:1 in Groups A, B, and C. The most affected age group for fracture is 20~29 in all three groups. Traffic accidents are the most common cause in Groups A and B, while there were somewhat different causes of fracture in Group C. Sports-induced facial trauma was twice as high in Group C compared with Group A and B. Mandible fracture accounts for a large portion of facial bone fractures overall. Conclusion: We observed an increase in facial bone fracture patients at Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital over the years. Although facial injury caused by traffic accidents was still a major cause of facial bone fracture in all periods, the percentage decreased. In recent years, isolated mandible fracture increased but mandible and mid-facial complex fracture decreased, possibly because of a reduction in traffic accidents.