• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.225-239
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• 2000

This study is a research of conceptual development to find the factors of presence. The concept and the definition of presence received from literary review. On the basis of these findings, we formulate the contents of presence through structured interview guide composed of open-ended questionnaire which included the frequency, attitude, and posture. We selected 104 samples who are the patients, doctors, nurses, and other health providers. And then the contents of presence were established after integrating the formulated contents and putting them in order. The categorizing of the presence was made after discussing with specialist in this field. By using the selected contents, we made 25 statements of presence which were categorized into three factors. The results were as follows: 1. The definition of presence is being with at the same time and space, making attention with openness, and the therapeutic interaction with empathy. 2. The contents of presence through personal interviews are The time required is 5 minutes(46.15%), 2-3 minutes(34.61%), and 10 minutes (15.38%) respectively. The frequency of visiting is 3 times(39.20%), every time(23.07%), and more than 5 times(20.19%) respectively. \circled2 In case of being with nurse is having pain(39.42%), suffering trouble or severe fear(9.61%), feeling discomfort(8.65%), taking care of wound(7.69%), and other unfavorable symptoms(6.73%) respectively. \circled3 The posture being with nurse is depends on the situations(63.46%), sitting(26.92%), and standing(9.61%) respectively. Eye contact with nurse is face to face(78.84%), depends on the situations(20.19%), and not face to face(0.96%) respectively. \circled4 The attitudes of comfort are explaining about disease(23.07%), holding on hands (14.42%), touching on the suffering parts (11.53%), and unconditionally being with(7.69%) respectively. \circled5 Nurses' caring actions are kindness (27.88%), replying to the question (12.50%), smiling(10.57%), bright appearances (8.65%), and right and quick treatment(8.65%) respectively. \circled6 The effects of being with are peaceful mind(58.65%), quick recovery(13.46%), and decrease in fear(12.50%) respectively. \circled7 The attitudes of being with are listening (11.53%), recognition(8.65%), talking about discomfort(8.65%), and answering kindly (7.69%) respectively. 3. From the analysis of presence factors, 25 statements and 3 categorized factors are presented.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2005

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate turnover intention of dental hygienist who were employed at the private dental clinic in Ulsan, Korea. Methods: The data obtained from 100 dental hygienists during 1 month. The survey was performed by a face-la-face interview questionnaire consisting of 19 items and the 5 point Likert type response format. The respondents were 77 from dental hygienists. The adjusted response rate was 80.2%(77/96). Data were analyzed using frequency distribution, independent t-tests, ANOVA, chi-square and correlation. All statistical analyzed were conducted using Statistical Package for SPSS 11.5. Results: There was experiences of turnover the longer the professional career, the higher income, married personnel. Turnover intention was a statistically correlated with income. Conclusions: The findings suggest that dental hygienists who remain in the workforce are positively influenced mainly by self-development. Employer of dental hygienists should be aware of these factors in employing process.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.67
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• pp.229-265
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to suggest educational directions by exploring the stories of changes and expectations experienced by Christian children during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, nine third- to fourth-grade elementary school children attending the church, were interviewed about their changes and expectations regarding COVID-19. The results identified five areas of experience: daily life changes, school life changes, interpersonal relationship changes, religious life changes, and emotional changes during the COVID-19 period. Daily changes included infection prevention, missing play, leisurely routine, and lethargy. Changes in school life included loss of face-to-face classes and various rule requirements. Interpersonal relationship changes included the difficulties in forming relationships with friends, teachers, parents, and siblings, and religious life changes included loss of face-to-face worship and the restoration of family worship. Various negative emotions were expressed. Analysis of the participants' expectations showed in daily life they wanted to travel and play, return to pre-corona school life, return to face-to-face worship, restore retreats, and develop fun programs as religious life expectations. Based on these children's experiences and wishes, the study suggests that educators need to recognize children's efforts during the COVID-19 period, read their hurt feelings, and develop church programs that include communication, community, and fun elements.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3723-3730
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• 2012

Delay in help-seeking behaviour which is potentially preventable has a major effect on the prognosis and survival of patients with breast cancer. The objective of this study was to explore reasons for delay in seeking help among patients with breast cancer from the East Coast of peninsular Malaysia. A qualitative study using face-to-face in-depth interview was carried out involving 12 breast cancer patients who had been histo-pathologically confirmed and were symptomatic on presentation. Respondents were selected purposely based on their history of delayed consultation, diagnosis or treatment. All were of Malay ethnicity and the age range was 26-67 years. Three were in stage ll, seven in stage lll and two in stage lV. At the time of interview, all except one respondent had accepted treatment. The range of consultation time was 0.2-72.2 months with a median of 1.7 months, diagnosis time was 1.4-95.8 months( median 5.4 months )and treatment time was 0-33.3 months (median 1.2 months). The themes derived from the study were poor knowledge or awareness of breast cancer, fear of cancer consequences, beliefs in complementary alternative medicine, sanction by others, other priorities, denial of disease, attitude of wait and see and health care system weakness. Help-seeking behaviour was influenced by a complex interaction of cognitive, environmental, beliefs, culture and psycho-social factors. Breast cancer awareness and psychological counselling are recommended for all patients with breast symptoms to prevent delay in seeking clinical help.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.161-173
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• 2020

In-depth interview in the field of hospitality industry services was conducted in COVID- 19. Introduction of kiosks for non-face-to-face services using untact technology, reservation, pay systems, self-service, service improvement using room service should be carried out. It is also necessary to implement Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, P-blogs, online broadcasting and live commerce through the establishment of m-channel system through untact marketing sales channels in the hospitality industry now that the product composition to solve the pro -blem of untact marketing is drawing attention due to diversification of online sales channe -ls. Now, the recognition of important elements of service education and a establishment of differentiated system of untact marketing, expansion of untact sale channel, implementation of non-face-to-face counseling service and introduction of pre-booking, telecommuting were recognized as urgent parts. In particular, a service differentiation and importance of human services, which were recognized free of charge, have re-recognized as premium, and quality service aspect of the hospitality industry in untact and the direction to diversify marketing channels are presented.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.49-58
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to find out how on-line counseling modalities (phone, video, and video counseling using digital mask) differ from face-to-face counseling in terms of clients' perception of working alliance, depth and smoothness of each session, satisfaction, and their qualitative counseling experience. 40 university students participated in the experiment, divided into 4 groups, received 3 personal counseling sessions per person. The quantitative data revealed no significant difference among the four counseling groups in working alliance. Also, the "depth" of the session was similar in the four groups, but phone and video with mask counseling group who did not expose their faces showed higher "smoothness" in the first and second sessions than face-to-face counseling group, indicating that anonymity was helping the clients' inhibition overcome. Through the post-interview data, subtle differences in experience of each counseling method were identified by the participants. The results are expected to provide primary information for developing and implementing various online counseling modalities in the future.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.103-112
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to find out the housing history of Sakhalin returnees in Ansan Gohyangmaeul since leaving hometown under the Japanese ruling period, who experienced two international migration for one's life. Face to face interview had been done with 20 returnees in the community center of Ansan Gohyangmaeul during October to December, 2008. The semi-structured questionnaire about housing the respondents lived in major life changes used to guide the individual interview. The results showed that personal life as well as housing histories were differed by the reason to move into Sakhalin, which still influenced the returnee' life up to now. The housing they had lived changed from barracks like a training camp, to Japanese small wooden cottage/row house, and then Russian brick house/ apartment. Housing alteration and addition and rebuilding were common to renew the old existing house. The boundary of residing area was mostly limited to the first residing location under soviet governing system throughout one's life without a long distance move. Housing satisfaction was very high in Gohyangmaeul because of the improvement of housing facilities and residence itself as well as the convenience of housing management, compared to former residence in Sakhalin. Economic and emotional aspects of life satisfaction were also high during about 8 years of living in the apartment. Forced movers still require the compensation on hand to either Korean or Japanese government no matter the amount. Social integration to the Korean community would be one of the main issues to new returnees as well as the already returned. In-depth interviews of case study need to reveal the unique housing experience of the forced mover according to the type of leaving hometown by oneself or by parents, and to returned region and time to motherland.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2000

The purposes of this study are two folds: a) to introduce conjoint choice model to research the choice behavior of theme park users, and b) to suggest the strategies to strengthen the competitiveness of theme parks. The major four theme parks in Seoul metropolitan areas were selected as study areas. A leading polling agency was employed to select 432 respondents by probability sampling and to conduct face-to-face interview. Both alternative generating and choice set generating fractional factorial design were conducted simultaneously to meet the necessary and sufficient conditions for calibration of the conjoint choice model. Dummy coding was used to represent the attribute levels, and the alternative-specific model was calibrated. The goodness-of-fit of the model was quite satisfactory($\rho$$^2$=0.47950), and most parameters values had to expected sign and magnitude. Car was preferred transport mode to shuttle bus for visiting theme parks ; however the most ideal attribute levels only were estimated significantly. Most attribute levels of shuttle bus were estimated significantly except the Dream Land, which is the least attractive park among study areas. Simulation results showed that the shuttle bus was a mode worth providing to switch the current car dominant visiting pattern of theme parks, which will be one the effective strategies to attract more patrons, especially for potential users adjacent to parks. Several ideals were suggested for future researches, in terms of utilization of more general utility function and new base alternative, and inclusion of more salient attributes such as constraints in the model.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.124-147
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to conceptualize PUST (Public understanding or science and technology) with a new theoretical perspective and to measure the Korean PUST through a national survey. Then, it suggests policy implications of improving the Korean public understanding of science and technology. Our new theoretical perspective is focused on an information receiver's one rather than an information provider's one. Thus, we concepualized PUST as a process of engagement: how a citizen becomes to be engaged to science or technology. It does not stress how hard s/he is pushed to learn science or technology. A national survey was done by a face-to-face interview method. About 1,200 adults were sampled from 18 or more years old population by a stratified area sampling method which had been used as a common and reliable one in South Korea. Each half of the total sample were for science or technology. The survey was conducted in September, 2001. We found that many Korean adults had positive but disproportionate impressions of science or technology that were related mostly to utilities for life such as computer, internet, car, refrigerator, television, etc. Most of them failed to continue to be engaged to sciences and technologies after first exposure to them through compulsory education. They were not able to relate sciences or technologies to solving individual or social salient problems. This study shows that PUST would be improved by our engagement to sciences or technologies through their relationship with social problems or issues.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.83-97
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• 2019

This study aims to analyze the elements to enhance and activate the quality of life by establishment of family-friendly environment through face-to-face interviews in family-friendly certified firms in UIsan. As a result, its activation is possible when each party of companies- employees-government tries to change, and its main elements and outcomes are as follows. First, 'management philosophy of the company representative' showed to directly affect development of flat organization culture and system activation, with respect to the companies. Second for employees, 'value changes to prioritize work-life balance' demonstrated to affect the utilizations and establishment of family-friendly systems within the organization as the critical element. Lastly, it is considered for government to be able to activate this if 'delivery system with professionality' is secured to help 'legalization of policy,' company productivity, and work-life balance of employees. On the other hand, further studies on the elements to be able to activate family-friendly certifications and analysis on its justification are required by expanding the number of companied in Ulsan.