• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.36
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• pp.101-132
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• 2011

Using data collected from Korean mothers (N＝429) with preschool children (aged 3 to 5 years) in 12 day care centers in Seoul, this study aims to empirically demonstrate the different pathways acute and chronic stress affect parenting efficacy of mothers according to the income group to which they belong. Analytic results show mothers in the low-income group show higher levels of depressive symptoms than mothers in the middle-income group, and the former also show more frequent and higher levels of acute and chronic stress than the latter. The mediation model results show that acute stress and chronic stress did not directly affect parenting efficacy, but rather indirectly affect parenting efficacy through maternal depressive symptoms. Acute stress and chronic stress are both significant factors affecting depressive symptoms with chronic stress exerting greater influence. When the total effect was analyzed, chronic stress has a greater effect on parenting efficacy than acute stress. The effect of chronic stress on maternal depressive symptoms is greater on low-income mothers than middle-income mothers, while the effect of acute stress on maternal depressive symptoms and the effect of those symptoms on parenting efficacy are greater on middle class families than low-income families. In order to maximize effective parenting in high-risk situations, the psychological welfare of mothers needs to be protected from the environmental difficulties they face. Based on the results, policies to support women and parents at the national and social levels are discussed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.151-164
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• 2018

The appropriate interpretation of social cues is a crucial ability for everyday life. While processing socially relevant information, beyond the low-level physical features of the stimuli to emotional information is known to influence human cognition in various stages, from early perception to later high-level cognition, such as working memory (WM). However, it remains unclear how the influence of each type of emotional information on cognitive processes changes in response to what has occurred in the processing stage. Past studies have largely adopted face stimuli to address this type of research question, but we used a unique class of socially relevant motion stimuli, called biological motion (BM), which depicts various human actions and emotions with moving dots to exhibit the effects of anger, happiness, and neutral emotion on task performance in perceptual and working memory. In this study, participants determined whether two BM stimuli, sequentially presented with a delay between them (WM task) or one immediately after the other (perceptual task), were identical. The perceptual task showed that discrimination accuracies for emotional stimuli (i.e., angry and happy) were lower than those for neutral stimuli, implying that emotional information has a negative impact on early perceptual processes. Alternatively, the results of the WM task showed that the accuracy drop as the interstimulus interval increased was actually lower in emotional BM conditions than in the neutral condition, which suggests that emotional information benefited maintenance. Moreover, anger and happiness had distinct impacts on the performance of perception and WM. Our findings have significance as we provide evidence for the interaction of type of emotion and information-processing stage.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.150-162
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• 2023

Objective: To investigate craniofacial differences in individuals with hypodontia and explore the relationship between craniofacial features and the number of congenitally missing teeth. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 261 Chinese patients (males, 124; females, 137; age, 7-24 years), divided into four groups (without hypodontia: no teeth missing, mild: one or two missing teeth, moderate: three to five missing teeth, severe: six or more missing teeth) according to the number of congenitally missing teeth. Differences in cephalometric measurements among the groups were analyzed. Further, multivariate linear regression and smooth curve fitting were performed to evaluate the relationship between the number of congenitally missing teeth and the cephalometric measurements. Results: In patients with hypodontia, SNA, NA-AP, FH-NA, ANB, Wits, ANS-Me/N-Me, GoGn-SN, UL-EP, and LL-EP significantly decreased, while Pog-NB, AB-NP, N-ANS, and S-Go/N-Me significantly increased. In multivariate linear regression analysis, SNB, Pog-NB, and S-Go/N-Me were positively related to the number of congenitally missing teeth. In contrast, NA-AP, FH-NA, ANB, Wits, N-Me, ANS-Me, ANS-Me/N-Me, GoGn-SN, SGn-FH (Y-axis), UL-EP, and LL-EP were negatively related, with absolute values of regression coefficients ranging from 0.147 to 0.357. Further, NA-AP, Pog-NB, S-Go/N-Me, and GoGn-SN showed the same tendency in both sexes, whereas UL-EP and LL-EP were different. Conclusions: Compared with controls, patients with hypodontia tend toward a Class III skeletal relationship, reduced lower anterior face height, flatter mandibular plane, and more retrusive lips. The number of congenitally missing teeth had a greater effect on certain characteristics of craniofacial morphology in males than in females.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.131-148
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to development of the green information technology practical method and verify the impact of classes which applied green information technology practical method on the students' practice on green information technology to enhance the study related to green growth education for Technology Home Economics Education. In order to achieve the purpose, first, the green information technology practical method and measurement instrument were developed. Second, green information technology practical method applied in class. Third, D middle school students(male 62, female 59) in Daejeon city were tested by green information technology practical method measurement instrument and the comparison between pretest and posttest results were made. There were three results conduced from this study. First, green information technology practical method had positive impact on the students' green information technology practice on the items which they directly face in their daily lives, such as computers, monitors, and data. Through this point, when green growth curriculum developed in Technology Home Economics, we must consider the more closely related in lives contents. Second, green information technology practical method not impact on the practice on the items such as printers, peripherals, and other items. But in the future we expect more students hold printers and peripherals so the study for these items needed the more. Third, there were no gender differences in green information technology practice. Through this point, when green growth curriculum organized, there was no needed to separete students' gender.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.27-39
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• 2023

This study aimed to develop SSTPBL (Student-led Simulation with Team and Problem-Based Learning), whichcombines TBL and PBL with a student-led method to strengthen knowledge application, nursing diagnosis ability, and collaboration ability among the core competencies of nurses. Then, SSTPBL was applied to nursing students, and the results were assessed. The data was collected from September 15, 2022, to December 21, 2022, with structured questionnaires and focus group interviews with 51 fourth-year nursing students at a university in A City. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 and topic analysis. As a results, it was effective in simulation experience satisfaction(t = 3.51, p < .01), vSim experience satisfaction(t = 3.50, p < .01), preparation as a prospective nurse(t = 3.73, p < .01), learning self-efficacy(t = 3.87, p < .01), collaborative self-efficacy (t = 4.30, p < .01), problem-solving ability(t = 5.26, p < .01), educational satisfaction(t = 3.54, p < .01), digital health equity(t = 2.18, p < .05). Through the qualitative data's topic analysis, six main topics were derived. The main topics were 'similar to clinical practice', 'difficulty in immersion', 'learning through others', 'learning through self-reflection', 'improving confidence through new experiences' and 'new teaching methods'. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that SSTPBL can be used in various ways as a new training method for prospective nurses in the face of growing clinical practice restrictions after the pandemic.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of decision-making activities in lesson on improving decision-making ability to meet bioethical issues in everyday situation. Worksheet for decision-making was consisted of six steps: Identification of problem, searching relevant information, generation of alternatives, identification of values for selection criteria, evaluation of alternatives, review of consequence. The results of this study showed that the scores of decision-making were increased by the activities of worksheets. The scores of identification of problem, generation of alternatives, and evaluation of alternatives were increased meaningfully. However, the scores of searching relevant information, identification of values for selection criteria, and review of consequence were not increased. It seems that all steps of decision-making ability could not improve by short-term learning. Low level performance was appeared on the step of searching relevant information and evaluation of alternatives. This result indicated that students could not apply the biological knowledge to decision-making in the face of bioethical issues. In conclusion, the learning experience of decision-making is essential to foster rational decision-making ability. The activity of decision-making should be included in science class and curriculum.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.409-415
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• 2014

This study was done to identify the relationships between nursing practice stress and stress coping for the nursing students in Korea. Data were collected at 2 universities located in C city in Korea. Participants were 160 nursing students. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Nursing practice stress was $2.72{\pm}6.2$. Stress coping was $2.60{\pm}0.37$. Stress was correlated with wishful thinking coping strategy when doing orientation (r=0.32, p<0.01), conference(r=0.52, p<0.01), homework(r=0.29, p<0.01). Stress for practice exam was correlated with problem focused coping strategy(r=0.31, p<0.05). Stress was correlated with positive view coping strategy when face nurse(r=0.31, p<0.01) or interpersonal relations(r=0.35, p<0.01). Stress related to practice environment and class was correlated with indifference (r=0.26, p<0.01) and tension relieve strategy (r=0.28, p<0.01). There's no stress when they meet or serve direct care to patients. Students managed the stress by showing active coping pattern. It is considered that the experience gave students an excellent capacity to cope with stress. Since the degree of stress and coping pattern can differ from adaptability of situation, a research of change in clinical training stress by seasonal clinical training and coping patter is proposed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.484-492
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• 2002

The selection of the maxillary anterior artificial teeth is made primarily for esthetics and they must be in harmony with the surrounding oral environment. However the selection of artificial teeth is based on the large degree of subjective judgement or the dentists, therefore, this is one of the most unscientific processes. This study was performed to determine clinically whether there is correlation among the width of the maxillary central incisor(WMCI), the intercanine distance (ICD) the facial width(FW), and the interalar nasal width(IAW) in Korean adults, and to provide the selection standards for the maxillary anterior artificial teeth. The casts were obtained from 91 undergraduate dental students(49 males and 42 females) with Angle's class I occlusion presenting well-arranged intact anterior teeth. The WMCI and ICD were measured on the casts with a vernier calipers($Miltex^{(R)}$, Germany). The photographic procedures under standardized conditions were performed to record each subject's frontal face using digital camera($Olympus^{(R)}$, C-2500L, Japan). The FW and IAW were measured with image analyzer($Image-Pro^{(R)}$ PLUS. media cybermetrics. USA). The results were obtained as follows : 1. The mean WMCI was $8.11{\pm}0.67mm$, ICD was $37.88{\pm}2.15mm$, FW was $141.29{\pm}5.84mm$. and IAW was $37.85{\pm}2.29 mm$. 2. The ratios of FW/WMCI, FW/ICD, IAW/ICD were 17.4, 3.7, 1.0 respectively. 3. All measurements(WMCI, ICD, FW, and IAW) of male group were longer than those of female group significantly in Student's t-test(p<0.01). 4. There was significant correlation between WMCI, ICD, FW, and IAW in Pearson's correlation analysis(p<0.01). 5, The relationship between IAW and ICD shows the strongest correlation among six combinations in linear regression analysis($R^2$=0.753, Y=7.046+0.815X). The FW and IAW could be very reliable guides for the selection of the maxillary anterior artificial teeth.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.43 no.5 s.311
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• pp.29-37
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• 2006

Thresholding is a fundamental approach to segmentation that utilizes a significant degree of pixel popularity or intensity. Otsu's thresholding employed the normalized histogram as a discrete probability density function. Also it utilized a criterion that minimizes the between-class variance of pixel intensity to choose a threshold value for segmentation. However, the Otsu's method has a disadvantage of repeatedly searching optimal thresholds for the entire range. In this paper, a simple but fast multi-level thresholding approach is proposed by means of extending the Otsu's method. Rather than invoke the Otsu's method for the entire gray range, we advocate that the gray-level range of an image be first divided into smaller sub-ranges, and that the multi-level thresholds be achieved by iteratively invoking this dividing process. Initially, in the proposed method, the gray range of the object image is divided into 2 classes with a threshold value. Here, the threshold value for segmentation is selected by invoking the Otsu's method for the entire range. Following this, the two classes are divided into 4 classes again by applying the Otsu's method to each of the divided sub-ranges. This process is repeatedly performed until the required number of thresholds is obtained. Our experimental results for three benchmark images and fifty faces show a possibility that the proposed method could be used efficiently for pattern matching and face recognition.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.117-127
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• 1991

When open reduction of maxilla fractures is postponed due to concurrent life-threatening injuries, delayed union may result with malunion or nonunion. If delayed malunion is occurred, significant facial deformity may result, including a dished-out face, irregular retromaxillism with Angle's class III malocclusion, open anterior bite, nasal collapse, telecanthus and malar flattening. The treatment planning for this problem includes cephalometric evaluation anterior and lateral tomograms, dental casts, orthodontic planning, dental planning and use of impression tray to rupture the fibrous tissue casts, orthodontic planning, dental planning and use of impression tray to rupture the fibrous tissue attachment at the fracture site. In this paper, one case presented a 58-year-old female patient with maxilla retrusion after comminuted fracture, who was treated with orthodontic methods of maxillary protraction headgear and Plaster headcap, whereas the other two cases were about male patients who were treated principally with surgically open reduction or Le Fort I-controlled transverse osteotomy with iliac bone graft.