• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.440-451
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• 2019

We propose a system that allows three dimensional manipulation of face in video. The 3D face manipulation of the proposed system overlays the 3D face model with the user 's manipulation on the face region of the video frame, and it allows 3D manipulation of the video in real time unlike existing applications or methods. To achieve this feature, first, the 3D morphable face model is registered with the image. At the same time, user's manipulation is applied to the registered model. Finally, the frame image mapped to the model as texture, and the texture-mapped and deformed model is rendered. Since this process requires lots of operations, parallel processing is adopted for real-time processing; the system is divided into modules according to functionalities, and each module runs in parallel on each thread. Experimental results show that specific parts of the face in video can be manipulated in real time.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1671-1686
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• 2022

Face manipulation tools represented by Deepfake have threatened the security of people's biological identity information. Particularly, manipulation tools with deep learning technology have brought great challenges to Deepfake detection. There are many solutions for Deepfake detection based on traditional machine learning and advanced deep learning. However, those solutions of detectors almost have problems of poor performance when evaluated on different quality datasets. In this paper, for the sake of making high-quality Deepfake datasets, we provide a preprocessing method based on the image pixel matrix feature to eliminate similar images and the residual channel attention network (RCAN) to resize the scale of images. Significantly, we also describe a Deepfake detector named Cascaded-Hop which is based on the PixelHop++ system and the successive subspace learning (SSL) model. By feeding the preprocessed datasets, Cascaded-Hop achieves a good classification result on different manipulation types and multiple quality datasets. According to the experiment on FaceForensics++ and Celeb-DF, the AUC (area under curve) results of our proposed methods are comparable to the state-of-the-art models.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.266-270
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• 2014

Aluminum nitride(AlN) films were grown on the C-face and on the Si-face of (0001) silicon carbide(SiC) substrates using plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy(PA-MBE). This study was focused on first-stage growth manipulation prior to the start of AlN growth. Al pre-exposure, N-plasma pre-exposure, and simultaneous exposure(Al and N-plasma) procedures were used in the investigation. In addition, substrate polarity and, first-stage growth manipulation strongly affected the growth and properties of the AlN films. Al pre-exposure on the C-face and on the Si-face of SiC substrates prior to initiation of the AlN growth resulted in the formation of hexagonal hillocks on the surface. However, crack formation was observed on the C-face of SiC substrates without Al pre-exposure. X-ray rocking-curve measurements revealed that the AlN epilayers grown on the Si-face of the SiC showed relatively lower tilt and twist mosaic than did the epilayers grown on the C-face of the SiC. The results from the investigations reported in this paper indicate that the growth conditions on the Si-face of the SiC without Al pre-exposure was highly preferred to obtain the overall high-quality AlN epilayers formed using PA-MBE.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.31-46
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• 2007

This study attempts to investigate that the training of pitch manipulation would help Korean speakers reduce the intonation errors based on the review of many previous studies on Korean speakers' phonetic realization of intonation. The previous studies have indicated that Korean speakers have problems with pitch manipulation in their production of English word stress, sentence stress, and eventually intonation. To train Korean speakers phonetically realize English pitch patterns, a blended learning module was operated for two weeks: face-to-face instruction for six hours and e-learning instruction for three hours in total. This module was designed to help Korean speakers realize pitch as a distinctive phoneme. An acoustic assessment on five Korean female English speakers shows that the training of pitch manipulation helps Korean English speakers reduce the intonation errors indicated in the previous studies reviewed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.1093-1096
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• 2002

In this paper, a new semi-automated cyber character generating method is presented. Local edge detection tools extract face contour from graphic image files. Some graphic manipulation process detailed touch to obtain neat face contour. This method shortens the making process dramatically while maintaining the good quality similar to real face image. Some of the processed images are illustrated for clear explanation.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-9
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• 2015

Purpose In the many face-related application such as head pose estimation, 3D face modeling, facial appearance manipulation, the robust and fast facial feature extraction is necessary. We present the facial feature extraction method based on shape regression and feature selection for real-time facial feature extraction. Materials and Methods The facial features are initialized by statistical shape model and then the shape of facial features are deformed iteratively according to the texture pattern which is selected on the feature pool. Results We obtain fast and robust facial feature extraction result with error less than 4% and processing time less than 12 ms. The alignment error is measured by average of ratio of pixel difference to inter-ocular distance. Conclusion The accuracy and processing time of the method is enough to apply facial feature based application and can be used on the face beautification or 3D face modeling.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.280-286
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• 2022

Facial recognition system is a biometric manipulation. Its applicability is simpler, and its work range is broader than fingerprints, iris scans, signatures, etc. The system utilizes two technologies, such as face detection and recognition. This study aims to develop a facial recognition system to recognize person's faces. Facial recognition system can map facial characteristics from photos or videos and compare the information with a given facial database to find a match, which helps identify a face. The proposed system can assist in face recognition. The developed system records several images, processes recorded images, checks for any match in the database, and returns the result. The developed technology can recognize multiple faces in live recordings.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.540-542
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• 2023

Due to the serious issues posed by facial manipulation technologies, many researchers are becoming increasingly interested in the identification of face forgeries. The majority of existing face forgery detection methods leverage powerful data adaptation ability of neural network to derive distinguishing traits. These deep learning-based detection methods frequently treat the detection of fake faces as a binary classification problem and employ softmax loss to track CNN network training. However, acquired traits observed by softmax loss are insufficient for discriminating. To get over these limitations, in this study, we introduce a novel discriminative feature learning based on Vision Transformer architecture. Additionally, a separation-center loss is created to simply compress intra-class variation of original faces while enhancing inter-class differences in the embedding space.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.168-171
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• 2019

The treatment outcome remains poor of severe facial injuries because of the high risk of compromised airway or massive bleeding. We experienced two successful treatment cases of severe facial injury by the chainsaw. A 52-year-male had his face injured by the chainsaw during his work. He was transferred to the Level I trauma center using the Doctor-Helicopter. During his flight, bleeding control was tried and the information was given to the trauma surgeons before his arrival. His consciousness was alert and the vital signs were stable. The crushing wound, mandible open fracture, deep laceration of tongue, lip, neck and arterial bleeding were noted around his mandible. Nasotracheal intubation was performed under the bronchoscope-guided. Emergency operation (open reduction & internal fixation, primary repair with neurorrhaphy) was performed. At 30 hospital days, he was discharged with facial palsy on left mandibular area. A 30-year-male had his face injured by the chainsaw. He was transferred to our Level I trauma center from the local hospital. The deep-mutiple lacerations on right upper eyelid and forehead with the bony exposure were noted. The vital signs were stable and emergency operation was performed. He was discharged at 20 hospital days. Bone loss or tissue loss were not devastating than we expected even though the injury was occurred by the chainsaw. Aggressive treatment including airway manipulation or bleeding control and maximal opportunity of therapy are absolutely needed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.39-49
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• 2023

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the influence of different methods of distributing sweepstakes (i.e., whether consumers choose to enter into the sweepstakes themselves or they are given the sweepstake ticket by default) on the effectiveness of the sweepstakes promotion (i.e., interest in the sweepstakes and intention to participate in the sweepstakes). Research design, data and methodology: The paper verifies this effect through three experimental studies: an online experiment using a sweepstakes promotion scenario at a department store, an online SNS sweepstakes promotion event, and a face-to-face card lottery game. Results: Participants belonging the group that chose sweepstakes tickets by themselves showed higher interest and intention to participate in the sweepstakes than those who were given the sweepstakes ticket by default. Furthermore, the group that chose the sweepstakes card thought it had a higher probability of winning than the group given the sweepstakes card. Conclusions: This paper shows a way to enhance the promotional effect of sweepstakes in the retail stores, without incurring additional costs, by approaching from sweepstakes design from the psychological perspective of the consumer. The study also sheds new light on the effect of sense of control manipulation using choice behavior in the promotional context.