• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.218-229
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate relationships among workplace face to face bullying, cyber bullying, self-esteem, and turnover intention of hospital nurses, and to identify affecting factors for turnover intention through their relationships. Methods: Data were collected from 178 hospital nurses by self-reported questionnaire. The relationship among variables were analyzed with Pearson's coefficient correlation and affecting factors for turnover intention were identified by using multiple linear regression. Results: The mean score of turnover intention was $3.55{\pm}0.94$. Turnover intention was significantly different by age, marriage status, educational background, total experience as a nurse, designation, health status, bullying experience, and bullied experience. Turnover intention had positive relationships with workplace face to face bullying and hospital size, but negative relationships with self-esteem and health status. Workplace face to face bullying, health status and hospital size were identified as influencing factors in turnover intention. Conclusion: It is necessary to nursing community's efforts to decrease face to face bullying in order to lower the turnover intention of nurses. In this regard workplace bullying among nurses should be addressed using a comprehensive strategy that considers both individual and organizational factors. It is also necessary to nurse 's efforts to increase self-esteem.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.69-83
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• 2014

This paper aims to reach the perceptions, ideas and intentions of the higher education adolescences on the effects of technological innovations over interrelation/communication between individuals. While advances in technology commonly works for the welfare and benefit of humankind, paradoxically in some instances could have negative outcomes on interrelations among individuals, minimizing face-to-face communication. The perceptions, so ideas of the individuals on the matter could differ depending on their age, gender, race and the culture beyond their relative intimacy and closeness to ICT tools. In order to penetrate the basic initiatives leading the perceptions of adolescents on the effects of technological improvements on human interrelations/ communication, a survey is conducted with 157 students in high education consisting of Asian, African, Cypriot, Turkish nationals. Results indicate that participants use technological tools for communication which lessens their face-to-face interaction. However they prefer social media more than face-to-face communication during conflict or undesirable situations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.22 no.50
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• pp.323-332
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• 1999

In physiognomy, people's personality are judged by their types and features of the face, in Oriental medicine, types of the face is an important factor to judge whether one is falling ill or not. With the help of this kind of idea, we can assume that customers' preferences for automobile are different depending on their types and features of the face, and that it is also the case with their purchasing purpose. In addition, we think we can apply this physiognomical concept to marketing. The purpose of this study is analyzing people's difference of considering factors when buying automobiles and purchasing purpose according to their different types and features of the face. As a result, considering factors and purchasing purpose are different in proportion to sex, age, types and features of the face. When several more studies related to this study are performed, we expect that this study will be applied to marketing.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2020

As the information age develops, Online education and Non-face-to-face work are becoming common. Telecommuting such as tele-education and video conferencing through the application of information technology is also becoming common due to the COVID-19. Unexpected information leakage can occur online when the company conducts work remotely or holds meetings. A system to authenticate users is needed to reduce information leakage. In this study, there are various ways to authenticate remote access users. By applying burn authentication using a biometric system, a method to identify users is proposed. The method used in the study was studied the main component analysis method, which recognizes several characteristics in facial recognition and processes interrelationships. It proposed a method that can be easily utilized without additional devices by utilizing a camera connected to a computer by authenticating the user using the shape and characteristics of the face by using the PCA method.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.37-44
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare urban and rural seniors' perceptions on the eight aspects of the World Health Organization Age-Friendly Cities (AFC) initiative on Jeju Island, South Korea. Face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires were administered to 497 persons aged 65+ living on Jeju Island. Findings suggested that urban and rural held significantly different perceptions on five aspects of AFC (outdoor space and buildings, housing, civic participation and employment, community support and health services, and respect and social inclusion). Predictors of overall AFC score for all participants included age and living in a single-family home. Among urban dwellers, monthly household income and length of residence predicted AFC score while among rural seniors, predictors of AFC included educational attainment. To make communities more age-friendly, perspectives of older residents should be sought, shared, and reflected in policy and different strategies and priorities should be developed specific to urban and rural areas.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.653-655
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• 2022

Face aging aims to synthesize future face images by reflecting the age factor on given faces. In recent years, deep learning-based approaches have made outstanding progress in simulating the aging process of the human face. However, generating accurate and high-quality aging faces is still intrinsically difficult. We propose a new method that incorporates gender information into the model, which achieves comparable and stable performance. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can preserve the identity well and generate diverse aged faces.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.123-134
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of verbal violence that adolescents face in the post-human age, when the non-face-to-face media is increasing. Methods: A survey was conducted on 305 adolescents, aged 14 to 16 years of middle school and high school students. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 25.0. Results: As a result of conducting multiple regression analysis to identify the type of conversation that affects verbal abuse of adolescents, a model with a conversation with family, conversation with other people, messenger conversation such as KakaoTalk, and video chat conversation was selected. The amount of explanation was 11.4%. (R2 = .114) Of these, non-face-to-face conversations have been shown to increase verbal violence, and face-to-face conversations with family have, in turn, lowered the risk. As a result of t-testing to examine the effect of verbal abuse experience on the verbal violence index, the damage experience was significant in depression (p = .042) and impulsive aggression (p = .021). (P = .000). Conclusion: This study reiterates the importance of family dialogue along with the fact that the development of various non-face-to-face media in the Fourth Industrial Revolution can have a negative impact on adolescent mental health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.501-516
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• 2017

Skin colors of females between the ages of 25-35 from Korea, China, and Vietnam were measured in Seoul, Beijing, and Hanoi using the Minolta CM-600d spectrophotometer. CIE Lab and Munsell HVC data of the face (forehead and both cheeks) and body (neck and arm) were analyzed using t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Duncan's Multiple Range Test, Linear Regression Analysis, and K-Means Cluster Analysis using SPSS software. Korean females showed the highest L and V values for the face and body; Vietnamese females showed the highest b value in the face and the highest a value in the body. Higher L and b values for the face were related to higher L and b values of the body; this relationship was more prominent in Korean females. The younger age group (25-29) showed higher L values and lower b values than the older age group (30-35). Females from Korea, China, and Vietnam were grouped into Type 1 and Type 2 based on skin color. Type 1 had darker skin with more redness and yellowness and Type 2 had lighter skin with less redness and yellowness. A total of 88.2% of Korean females belonged to Type 2, 80.4% of Vietnamese females were Type 1, and Chinese females indicated an even distribution of Type 1 and Type 2.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2023

PURPOSE: The study compared the satisfaction of the exercise program in a face-to-face and non-face-to-face manner with the same exercise program. METHODS: This study was conducted through convenience sampling for 57 seniors over 65 years of age. After conducting 30 minutes of the same exercise program face-to-face on the first visit and non-face-to-face on the second visit, a satisfaction survey was conducted. The survey data were processed statistically using SPSS 26.0 (SPSS Inc, IBM, USA). An independent t-test was used to compare the type of exercise program. The Spearman's Rank Correlation was conducted to correlate the satisfaction between cognitive function and education level. RESULTS: The overall satisfaction with the face-to-face program was higher than the non-face-to-face exercise programs. All three satisfaction items in face-to-face exercise programs were higher than in non-face-to-face exercise programs (p < .05). The main source of dissatisfaction in the case of face-to-face exercise programs was having a good relationship with people for face-to-face and a 'lack of communication' in the case of non-face-to-face. CONCLUSION: The elderly showed higher satisfaction in face-to-face exercise than in non-face-to-face exercise. This study is significant in that accurate satisfaction comparison was possible by conducting the same exercise program on the same subject for a relatively short time, and through this, the development of an exercise program was suggested.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.87-95
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• 2004

We explore marketing topics classification-internet marketing environment, internet marketing function, special internet marketing applications, internet marketing research, other topics in the digital age. This paper will introduce and discuss the changes that economic agents including firms and consumers will face in the digital marketing age. The digital revolution has shaken marketing to its core. The digital age provides the opportunity to reach vast new audiences with surgical precision.