• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.15-24
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• 2008

For high-dimensional classification tasks, such as face recognition, the number of samples is smaller than the dimensionality of the samples. In such cases, a problem encountered in linear discriminant analysis-based methods for dimension reduction is what is known as the small sample size (SSS) problem. Recently, to solve the SSS problem, a way of employing a dissimilarity-based classification(DBC) has been investigated. In DBC, an object is represented based on the dissimilarity measures among representatives extracted from training samples instead of the feature vector itself. In this paper, we propose a new method of optimizing DBCs using multi-level fusion strategies(MFS), in which fusion strategies are employed to represent features as well as to design classifiers. Our experimental results for benchmark face databases demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves further improved classification accuracies.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.577-587
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• 2016

This study aims to identify the design of men's wear that has the characteristics of expressing maximalism in men's wear collection and contribute to the field of men's wear fashion which expects new, original, and experimental fashion styles to be created. When it comes to research contents, this study first identifies the concept and characteristics of expression of maximalism in such fields as literature and art and based on this, makes a case study of men's wear fashion designs shown in men's wear collection and then understands the type of characteristics of expressing maximalism and the characteristics related to its expressive method in men's wear design. The study findings are as follows: First, expansion referred to the extreme avant-garde that changed the concept of fashion design by expanding clothes or accessories or exaggerating silhouettes. Second, fanciness continued to appear as a tool to use the luxurious decorations that applied fancy handicraft techniques and express the world of original design. Third, fusion represented the expression of various charms from one work without making any classifications between the tradition and the present and between the east and the west. Fourth, fantasy indicated the expression of surrealistic images by expressing the unbounded imagination through creative ideas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.517-518
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• 2006

In this study, a commercial fixation device, BioFlex, which was designed with shape memory alloy(SMA) for dynamic stabilization of spine was biomechanically evaluated. The finite element model of intact lumbar spine from L1 to S was developed using CT images. Also, low FE models of 2-level(L4-L5-S) and 3-level(L3-L4-L5-S) posteriori fixation using titanium(Ti) rod and BioFlex(SMA) rod. The rotations of bone segments in the intact model and four models were predicted. Although the rotations of the BioFlex fixation model were smaller than those of the intact model, they were relatively larger than those of Ti fixation. The present can be applied for not only evaluation of the stability of interbody fixator, but also development of new implant.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1982

This study was conducted to investigate an effective method of protoplast isolation, the plating efficiency for cell division, and fusion of plant protoplasts by polyethylene glycol for somatic hybridzation. The effectiveness of protoplast isolation was different with the various enzyme concentrations, but, in the protoplast isolation from tobacco mesophyll, the enzyme solution with 0.5% macerozyme and 2.0% cellulase was very effective. The protoplast isolation from callus cultured in vitro for a long period was not obtained in any of the enzyme solution used. Protoplasts divided actively at cell densities above $10^44/ml and at $25^{\circ}C$ under 12hr illumination by inflorecient light (l50 Lux), regardless of presence of agar. The highest frequency of protoplast fusion was obtained after treatment with a solution of 0.33 M polyethylene glycol 1500.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.8-16
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• 2017

In this paper, we review studies attempting to triumph over the limitation of Si-based semiconductor technologies through a heterogeneous integration of high mobility compound semiconductors on a Si substrate, and the co-integration of electronic and/or optical devices. Many studies have been conducted on the heterogeneous integration of various materials to overcome the Si semiconductor performance and obtain multi-purpose functional devices. On the other hand, many research groups have invented device fusion technologies of electrical and optical devices on a Si substrate. They have co-integrated Si-based CMOS and InGaAs-based optical devices, and Ge-based electrical and optical devices. In addition, chip and wafer bonding techniques through TSV and TOV have been introduced for the co-integration of electrical and optical devices. Such intensive studies will continue to overcome the device-scaling limitation and short-channel effects of a MOS transistor that Si devices have faced using a heterogeneous integration of Si and a high mobility compound semiconductor on the same chip and/or wafer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.759-764
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of activation timing, cell cycle and passage on the development of embryos produced by cumulus cell nuclear transfer in Hanwoo (Korean cattle). Nuclear donor cumulus cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at $38.5^{\circ}C$ in a humidified atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$ in air. The 1~6 passages of serum deprived or actively dividing cumulus cells were isolated and used as donor cells. The in vitro matured oocytes were enucleated and then the isolated donor cells were introduced. One pulse of 180 volts for $15{\mu}s$ was applied to induce the fusion between karyoplast and cytoplast. The activation was done before or after the fusion. To activate, oocytes were treated with $10{\mu}M$ calcium ionophore for 5 min immediately followed by 2 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine for 3 h. The nuclear transfer embryos were cultured in $500{\mu}l$ of modified CRlaa supplemented with 3 mg/ml BSA in four well dish covered with mineral oil. After 3 days culture, culture medium was changed into modified CRlaa medium containing 1.5 mg/ml BSA and 5% FBS for 4 days. The incubation environment was 5% $CO_2$, 5% $O_2$, 90% $N_2$ at $38.5^{\circ}C$. There was no blastocyst formation when the nuclear transfer embryos were activated before the fusion, whereas, 29.9% of blastocyst formation was shown when the nuclear transfer embryos were activated after the fusion. When serum deprived and actively dividing cumulus cells were used as nuclear donor cells, the developmental rates to blastocyst were 38.5% and 40.6%, respectively. There was no significant difference between serum deprived and actively dividing cells in the developmental rates. The developmental rates to blastocyst according to 1~6 passages were 37.5~44.4%. However, there were no significant differences among passages. These results indicate that 1~6 passage cumulus cell irrespective of cell cycle could support development of nuclear transfer embryos activated after the fusion.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.960-966
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• 2016

This study was conducted to explore the potential for use of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma (atmospheric pressure DBD plasma) as a non-thermal sterilization technology for microorganisms in dried red pepper. The effects of key parameters such as power, exposure time and distance on the sterilization efficiency and the quality of red dried pepper by the atmospheric pressure DBD plasma treatment were investigated. The results revealed that the plasma treatment was very effective for sterilization of Staphylococcus aureus, with 15 min of treatment at 1.0 kW and 20 mm sterilizing 82.6% of the S. aureus. Increasing the power or exposure time and decreasing the exposure distance led to improved sterilization efficiency. The atmospheric pressure DBD plasma treatment showed no effect on the ASTA (American spice trade association) value or hardness of dried red pepper. Furthermore, no effects of atmospheric pressure DBD plasma treatment were observed on the sensory properties of dried red pepper. To assess the storage stability, the dried red pepper was treated with atmospheric pressure DBD plasma (1.5 kW power, 15 min exposure time and 10 mm exposure distance), then stored for 12 weeks at $25^{\circ}C$. Consequently, the ASTA value, hardness and capsaicin concentration of dried red pepper were maintained.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2004

W $O_{x}$-based semiconductor type thin film gas sensor was fabricated for the detection of N $O_{x}$ by reactive d.c. sputtering method. The relative oxidation state of the deposited W $O_{x}$ films was approximately compared by the calculation of the difference of the binding energy between Ols to W4 $f_{7}$2/ core level XPS spectra in the standard W $O_3$ powder of known composition. As the annealing temperature increased from 500 to 80$0^{\circ}C$, relative oxygen contents and grain size of the sputtered films were gradually increased. As the results of sensitivity ( $R_{gas}$/ $R_{air}$) measurements for the 5 ppm N $O_2$ gas, the sensitivity was 110 and the sensor showed recovery time as fast as 200 s. The other sensor properties were examined in terms of surface microstructure, annealing temperature, and relative oxygen contents. These results indicated that the W $O_3$ thin film with well controlled structure is a good candidate for monitoring and controlling of automobile exhaust.haust.t.t.t.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 1987

The author isolated high cellulolytic fungi from natural sources and determined optimal condition of protoplast formation and fusion as fundamental step for improvement of the isolated it's cellulolytic ability. Three different cellulolytic fungi, such as Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp., were isolated from soil. Their cellulolytic activities were compared with that of Aspergillus niger which was useful industrially and had cellulase activity. It was Aspergillus sp. that showed the highest activity of all these four fungi. And then it was followed by Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp., and Aspergillus niger in order. An auxotrophic mutant of Aspergillus sp. was obtained by UV mutagenesis method. Having try to produce protoplast from mycelia, the author found that ${\beta}-glucuronidase$, at pH 6.0, was effective cell-wall lytic enzyme. And the optimal concentration of this enzyme was 5,000 unit/ml. Regeneration rates of wild type, met. auxotroph and arg. auxotroph, in presence of osmotic stabilizer, were 7. 0%, 7. 5% and 5.2%, respectively. PEG with M.W. 6,000 was effective stimulator for protoplast fusion in the concentration of 30% (W IV). In such a condition, we obtained 1.2% cell fusion rate.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.346-351
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• 2018

Metal three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are mainly classified as powder bed fusion (PBF) and direct energy deposition (DED) methods according to the method of application of a laser beam to metallic powder. The DED method can be used to fabricate fine and hard 3D metallic structures by applying a strong laser beam to a thin layer of metallic powder. The PBF method involves slicing 3D graphics to be a certain height, laminating metal powders, and making a 3D structure using a laser. While the DED method has advantages such as laser cladding and metallic welding, it causes problems with low density when 3D shapes are created. The PBF method was introduced to address the structural density issues in the DED method and makes it easier to produce relatively dense 3D structures. In this paper, thin lines were produced by using PBF 3D printers with stainless-steel powder of roughly $30{\mu}m$ in diameter with a galvano scanner and fiber-transferred Nd:YAG laser beam. Experiments were carried out to find the optimal conditions for the width of a line depending on the processing times, laser power, spot size, and scan speed. The optimal conditions were two scanning processes in one line structure with a laser power of 30 W, spot size of $28.7{\mu}m$, and scan speed of 200 mm/s. With these conditions, a minimum width of about $85.3{\mu}m$ was obtained.