• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2015

The purpose of study is to identify trophic pathways from organic matter to macroinvertebrates in terms of the consumer and to characterize the food webs in an intermittent stream system of the Echi River in Japan. The ${\delta}^{13}C$ values of macroinvertebrates and their potential food sources indicated the scraper (Psephenoides spp., Ecdyonurus levis) and collector-gatherer (Ephemera strigata, Paraleptonphlebia chocolata) feed on periphyton and POM (particulate organic matter) in situ. Davidius lunatus, and Hexatoma spp., which were identified as predators, may feed upon Ephemera strigata and Stenelmis larvae, respectively. At station characterized by seepage water, the ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of Ecdyonurus levis, Lymnaea auricularia, and Rhyacophila nigrocephala larva probably showed relatively lower values according to its diets. Even in homogenous species, the trophic pathways of macroinvertebrates in situ exhibited considerable variation; this reflected the trophic pathways from organic matter to the consumer depending on habitat characteristics in stream.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1007-1021
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• 2018

Community dynamics of benthic macroinvertebrates and biological evaluation of water quality were investigated at Gigyecheon of Pohang and Gyeongju, Korea. The survey was carried out at 8 sites from May to October, 2017. As a result, total of 104 species under 54 families, 15 orders, 8 classes in 4 phyla with 5,052 individuals were revealed. The number of species was the most abundantly identified in aquatic insects, 76 species under 34 families, 6 orders. Among them, the order Odonata was the most abundant taxon as 21 species(20.2%). The most abundant individuals were collected in the phylum Mollusca as 1,453 individuals(28.8%). Various species appeared dominantly at each site by season, and the most dominant species was Caridina denticulata denticulata belonging to the class Malacostraca with 0.08 of dominance index. According to the results of community structure analyses, the diversity and richness indices were the highest at site II, the evenness index was the highest at site I, and the dominance index was the highest at site IV. The number of species and individuals of gathering collectors were the highest among functional feeding groups. Those of sprawlers were the highest among habitat orientation groups. The ESB showed a tendency to change according to season and site, and it was the highest in May at most surveyed sites. The KSI was also somewhat fluctuated according to season and site. From these indices, average biological water quality was evaluated as class II.

• 환경생물
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.370-376
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• 2018

It is important to consider interaction between species in understanding structure and function of the biological community. Current ecological issues such as climate change and habitat loss emphasize the significance of the concept of species interaction in that varying species' interaction across environmental gradients may lead to altered ecological function and services. However, most community studies have focused on species diversity through analysis of quantitative indices based on species composition and abundance data without considering species interactions in the community. 'Ecological network analysis' based on network theory enables exploration of structural and functional properties of ecosystems composed of various species and their interactions. In this paper, network analysis of Cheonggye stream as a case study was presented to promote uses of network analysis on ecological studies in Korea. Cheonggye stream has a simple biological structure with link density of 1.48, connectance 0.07, generality 4.43, and vulnerability 1.94. The ecological network analysis can be used to provide ecological interpretations of domestic long-term monitoring data and can contribute to conserving and managing species diversity in ecosystems.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.270-282
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• 2023

Lower termites need symbiotic microbes for cellulose digestion. Elizabethkingia miricola strain BM10 has been proposed as a symbiotic microbe that assists in low-temperature digestion and metabolism of Reticulitermes speratus KMT1, a termite on Bukhan Mountain, Seoul, Korea. In E. miricola strain BM10, β-glucosidase genes expressed at 10℃ were identified, and the psychrophilic enzymatic characteristic was confirmed by heterogeneously expressed proteins. Crude β-glucosidase in the culture broth of E. miricola strain BM10 showed specific enzymatic properties, and its substrate affinity was 4.69 times higher than that of Cellic CTec2. Among the genes proposed as β-glucosidase, two genes, bglB_1 and bglA_2, whose gene expression was more than doubled at 10℃ than at 30℃, were identified. They were heterogeneously expressed in Escherichia coli and identified as psychrophilic enzymes with an optimal reaction temperature of about 20℃-25℃. In this study, E. miricola strain BM10, a symbiotic bacterium of lower termites, produced psychrophilic β-glucosidases that contribute to the spread of the low-temperature habitat of a lower termite, R. speratus KMT1.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.52-63
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• 2013

본 연구는 2011년 6월부터 10월까지 지리적으로 인접하지만 다른 수계로 분류되는 전라북도 무주군 일대의 용담댐 하류역과 경상남도 합천군 일대의 합천댐 하류역에 각각 댐에 의한 방류의 영향을 보기 위하여 대상지점(YE-1, 2, 3; HE-1, 2, 3) 및 대조지점(YC-1, 2; HC-1, 2)을 선정하여 각 지점에서 출현하는 저서성 대형무척추동물의 종구성, 군집분석, 섭식기능군 및 서식기능군, 군집안정성을 분석하였다. 채집은 각 댐의 하류역에서 Surber net($30cm{\times}30cm$)을 이용하여 3회에 걸쳐 정량채집을 실시하였다. 조사결과 용담댐 하류지역에서 총 4문 6강 12목 33과 69종 6,369개체가 출현하였고, 하천의 주요 분류군인 EPT-group(Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera-group)은 46종(66.7%)을 차지하였다. 합천댐 하류지역에서는 총 4문 5강 13목 44과 81종 5,728개체가 출현하였고, EPT-group은 45종(55.6%)을 차지하였다. 군집분석 결과 용담댐 하류지역에서 우점도지수는 0.27~0.50(Mean${\pm}$SD $0.38{\pm}0.09$), 다양도지수는 2.22~2.97($2.67{\pm}0.29$), 균등도지수는 0.63~0.76($0.72{\pm}0.06$), 풍부도지수는 4.43~7.06($5.69{\pm}0.99$)으로 분석되었고, 합천댐 하류지역에서 우점도지수는 0.40~0.81($0.59{\pm}0.18$), 다양도지수는 1.40~2.39($2.00{\pm}0.43$), 균등도지수는 0.38~0.68($0.56{\pm}0.13$), 풍부도지수는 4.04~5.80($4.95{\pm}0.70$)으로 분석되었다. 섭식기능군은 용담댐과 합천댐 하류지역 모두에서 filtering-collectors와 gathering-collectors가 대부분을 차지하였으며, 서식기능군은 burrowers, clingers, swimmers가 대부분을 차지하였다. 군집안정성 분석 결과 용담댐 유역의 대상하천에서 수환경 변화에 저항력과 회복력이 강한 I특성군에 속하는 집단이 더 많은 것으로 분석되었다. 합천댐 유역은 대조하천에서 수환경 변화에 대한 저항력과 회복력이 약한 III특성군에 속하는 종이 많은 것으로 분석되었다. 대형댐 하류지역의 하천생태계 안정성은 환경 변화 및 오염에 강한 I특성군에 속하는 군집이 좌우하고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2021

Background: As trade increases, the influx of various alien species and their spread to new regions are prevalent and no longer a special problem. Anthropogenic activities and climate changes have made the distribution of alien species out of their native range common. As a result, alien species can be easily found anywhere, and they have nothing but only a few differences in intensity. The prevalent distribution of alien species adversely affects the ecosystem, and a strategic management plan must be established to control them effectively. To this end, hot spots and cold spots were analyzed according to the degree of distribution of invasive alien plants, and major environmental factors related to hot spots were found. We analyzed the 10,287 distribution points of 126 species of alien plants collected through the national survey of alien species by the hierarchical model of species communities (HMSC) framework. Results: The explanatory and fourfold cross-validation predictive power of the model were 0.91 and 0.75 as AUC values, respectively. The hot spots of invasive plants were found in the Seoul metropolitan area, Daegu metropolitan city, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, southwest shore, and Jeju island. Generally, the hot spots were found where the higher maximum temperature of summer, precipitation of winter, and road density are observed, but temperature seasonality, annual temperature range, precipitation of the summer, and distance to river and sea were negatively related to the hot spots. According to the model, the functional traits accounted for 55% of the variance explained by the environmental factors. The species with higher specific leaf areas were more found where temperature seasonality was low. Taller species preferred the bigger annual temperature range. The heavier seed mass was only preferred when the max temperature of summer exceeded 29 ℃. Conclusions: In this study, hot spots were places where 2.1 times more alien plants were distributed on average than non-hot spots (33.5 vs 15.7 species). The hot spots of invasive plants were expected to appear in less stressful climate conditions, such as low fluctuation of temperature and precipitation. Also, the disturbance by anthropogenic factors or water flow had positive influences on the hot spots. These results were consistent with the previous reports about the ruderal or competitive strategies of invasive plants instead of the stress-tolerant strategy. The functional traits are closely related to the ecological strategies of plants by shaping the response of species to various environmental filters, and our result confirmed this. Therefore, in order to effectively control alien plants, it is judged that the occurrence of disturbed sites in which alien plants can grow in large quantities is minimized, and the river management of waterfronts is required.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2009

본 연구는 차먼지응애의 천적인 오이이리응애의 생물적 방제효과를 조사하였다. 차먼지응애는 상위 엽을 가해하다가 밀도가 높아짐에 따라 먹이조건이 나빠지기 때문에 새로운 서식처를 찾아 이동하였다. 오이이리응애와 차먼지응애의 밀도변동은 먹이충인 차먼지응애의 이동에 따라 천적인 오이이리응애의 서식지가 같아졌다. 차먼지응애에 대해 천적인 오이이리응애의 포식량은 15, 20, 25 및 $30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 8.8, 15.2, 27.0 및 30.3마리를 포식하였다. $25^{\circ}C$ 조건하에서 부화유충은 0.5마리, 전약충은 1.6마리, 후약충은 5.2마리, 수컷 성충은 3.8마리, 암컷 성충은 27.0마리의 차먼지응애 성충을 포식하였다. 차먼지응애 성충에 대한 오이이리응애 성충의 기능반응은 차먼지응애의 밀도가 증가함에 따라 포식량은 점차 증가하였으나 그의 포식율은 감소하여 Holling의 기능반응곡선 제II형과 일치하였다. 천적인 오이이리응애와 먹이충인 차먼지응애 접종비율이 고추에서 1:40일 경우 밀도억제효과가 98% 이상으로 가장 효과적이었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권4호통권143호
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• pp.318-323
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• 2005

The leaves (KPL) of Kalopanax pictus (KP) are used as a vegetable or a functional food in Korean society. The stem bark (Kalopanacis Cortex, KPS) has been traditionally used to treat neurotic pain, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetic disease. This research was undertaken to demonstrate that the leaf extract of KP (KPL) has also the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects like the extract (KPS) of Kalopanacis Cortex and to compare the activity levels of several extracts obtained from KP. Antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects were measured against the extracts described as followings; KPL-1 (the MeOH extract obtained from the leaf shoot of KP collected on May), KPL-2 (the MeOH extract from KP collected on June), KPL-3 (the MeOH ectract from KP with no thorns), KPS-1 (MeOH extract from KPS of a Korean habitat), KPS-2 (MeOH extract from KPS of a Chinese habitat). The antimociceptive test undertaken by acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate-, and tail-flick methods using mice. The anti-inflammatory test was also undertaken by measuring the edema in the carrageenan-induced test. The order of activity potency in the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory assays was commonly shown as followings: KPL-3>KPS>1>KPS-2>KPL-1>KPL-2. This order was also observed in acetic acid-induced vascular permeability test. The antiinflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced assay was also observed as the following order: KPL-3>KPS- 1>PS-2>KPL-1>KPL-2. In addition, adjuvant-induced rats were used for a model to assess the oxidative stress. Treatment of the rat with the extracts reduced serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), hydroxy radical(OH) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity caused by FCA together together with the inhibition of hepatic TBARS level and lipofuscin content. The above finding suggests that the leaf extract has the antinociceptive and antinflammatory activity. It is also suggested that KPL-3 with more potent activity than other tested extracts could be developed for a new available biomaterial.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2022

하구습지는 생물생산성이 높고 물리적 환경도 독특하여 국가 생물다양성 관리 및 그들의 서식처 확보 관점에서 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 하구습지 보전 및 관리를 위해 열린 하구이며 다양한 서식공간이 분포하는 것으로 알려진 가화천하구습지의 식생 및 생물상 조사를 통해 생태적 특성을 분석하였다. 정수역 다년생 초본식생, 염습지식생, 암극지식생 등 5개 상관식생형의 12개 식물군락이 확인되었다. 남강댐 방류, 조수의 영향으로 수변부의 좁은 입지를 따라 식생이 대상분포하고 있었다. 생물종 다양성은 멸종위기 야생생물 12종 포함 총 715종이 확인되었다. 다양한 하상구조와 미소서식처가 분포하고 있는 I, III구간에서 종다양성이 상대적으로 높았다. 해수 유입에 따른 기수역의 형성으로 다양한 기능군을 가지는 멸종위기 야생생물도 분포하여 보전가치가 높은 지역인 것으로 나타났다. 가화천하구습지의 생태정보의 수집은 하구 생태계의 보전·관리 기반을 마련하고 정책 수립을 지원하는 데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2023

현재 국내에서는 전국내륙습지 일반조사 및 습지보전기본계획 등의 장기적인 계획을 통해 습지 정책이 추진되고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 정책은 습지의 면적, 분포 및 생물다양성 등 현황 파악에 초점을 두고 있으며, 습지 생태계를 하나의 유기체로 보존 및 관리하는 것에 대한 인식이 부족한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 홍수터, 생물다양성, 서식지 제공, 관광자원 등의 기능적인 측면을 고려하여 생태축 연결이 가능한 하천습지 후보지 선정을 위한 방법론을 제시하였다. 이를 토대로 본 연구에서는 낙동강 수계에 있는 우포늪, 화포천습지, 주남저수지 3개의 습지와 생태축 연결이 가능한 후보지를 선정하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 낙동강 수계의 15개 표준유역 내에 존재하는 63개의 습지와 7개의 후보지를 대상으로 적지 분석을 수행하였고, 산정된 점수를 이용하여 생태축 연결에 가장 적합한 하천습지 후보지를 선정하였다. 후보지 평가를 위해 9개의 평가요소를 선정하고, 해당 평가요소들에 분위수를 이용한 점수화 기법을 적용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 결과적으로, 우포늪2(호포)가 36점으로 가장 높은 점수를 받아 생태축 연결 가능성이 가장 높은 후보지로 선정되었다. 따라서 우포늪2(호포)가 홍수터, 서식지, 생물다양성 증진 및 관광자원으로서 역할이 가능한 동시에 생태축 연결에 가장 적합한 것으로 판단하였다.