• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2014

To determine whether Fourier transform (FT)-IR spectral analysis combined with multivariate analysis of whole-cell extracts from ginseng leaves can be applied as a high-throughput discrimination system of cultivation ages and cultivars, a total of total 480 leaf samples belonging to 12 categories corresponding to four different cultivars (Yunpung, Kumpung, Chunpung, and an open-pollinated variety) and three different cultivation ages (1 yr, 2 yr, and 3 yr) were subjected to FT-IR. The spectral data were analyzed by principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis. A dendrogram based on hierarchical clustering analysis of the FT-IR spectral data on ginseng leaves showed that leaf samples were initially segregated into three groups in a cultivation age-dependent manner. Then, within the same cultivation age group, leaf samples were clustered into four subgroups in a cultivar-dependent manner. The overall prediction accuracy for discrimination of cultivars and cultivation ages was 94.8% in a cross-validation test. These results clearly show that the FT-IR spectra combined with multivariate analysis from ginseng leaves can be applied as an alternative tool for discriminating of ginseng cultivars and cultivation ages. Therefore, we suggest that this result could be used as a rapid and reliable F1 hybrid seed-screening tool for accelerating the conventional breeding of ginseng.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2006

Many amethysts of different origins such as South America, Aftrica, and Asia were compared. According to ICP-AES analysis, the colorizing elements were Fe, Cr, Cu, and Co. Amethysts from South America showed higher concentrations of the elements. UV- VIS analysis showed that both natural and synthetic amethysts were characterized by the higher absorption at 350 nm and 550 nm wavelength. The natural amethysts had lower permeability than that of the synthetic amethysts. According to FT-IR analysis, the synthetic amethysts were distinguished from the natural amethysts in that they had a typical absorption band of $3543cm^{-1}$. The amethyst from South America showed strong absorption bands of $3584cm^{-1}\;and\;3435cm^{-1}$, and African amethyst had absorption bands of $3299cm^{-1}\;and\;3196cm^{-1}$. $3381cm^{-1}$ absorption band was shown strongly for Asian origins.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.307-317
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• 2020

The barrier structure of the skin's epidermis is a key structure to prevent the loss of water inside the body and the invasion of foreign substances, and is composed of keratinocytes and intercellular lipids. At this time, the intercellular lipids of the skin barrier has the strongest structure when packed in an orthorhombic structure. However, it is damaged by various external causes and changes to a hexagonal structure. This change in physical structure can be analyzed non-invasively by analyzing the signal of the CH₂-CH₂ scissoring band of lipids using FT-IR. In this study, SDS was treated on porcine skin to construct a skin barrier damage model, and the degree of change in packing structure was quantified by analyzing FT-IR signals. We then judged whether the barrier of the damage model was recovered according to the treatment of the cosmetic formulation. From these results, an indirect method of measuring the water evaporation of the skin barrier to date can be supplemented. In addition, physical changes in the structure of the skin barrier can be utilized in a direct and efficient manner to identify the function and verify the formulation of various materials.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.391-398
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate lichen as a typical biomass damage on the surfaces of flagpole-supporting stones in the Beopjusa temple. The lichens present on the flagpole-supporting stones were limited to five species. Two dominant lichen species were identified: Aspicilia sp. and Pertusaria flavicans. One foliose species and one fruticose species, which are rarely observed on crustose lichens, were identified as Xanthoparmelia conspersa and Ramalina sekika, respectively. The lichen inhabiting the black algae layer was confirmed as Leprocaulon textum. ATR-FTIR was performed to analyze the secondary metabolites synthesized by the lichens. By comparing the FTIR spectra of Xanthoparmelia conspersa and Ramalina sekika, the synthesized organic acids were confirmed to differ from each other. Furthermore, the spectral changes and characteristics due to functional groups in the molecules were confirmed.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.16-24
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• 2001

The curing behavior of a phenolic resin (F/p: 1.3, 1.9, 2.5 for resol resin, F/P: 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 for novolac resin) has been studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. In this study is to synthesis of resol and novolac type phenolic resin with different F/P molar ratios and to compare the level of cure at different curing temperature conditions ($130^{\circ}C$, $160^{\circ}C$, $180^{\circ}C$ for resol resin, $160^{\circ}C$, $170^{\circ}C$, $180^{\circ}C$ for novolac resin) for 3, 5, 7, 10, 20, and 60 (min.), respectively. The conversion (${\alpha}$) was determined by the ratio of the peak area with time to the peak area of non-baked phenolic QH ($3300cm^{-1}$) at spectra. It is concluded that the initial curing rate of resol and novolac resin was increased as the molar ratio of formaldehyde/phenol increased and as the curing temperature of resin increased. According to the analysis was by the homogenous first-order model, the initial curing rate of resol and novolac resin was increased as the molar ratio of formaIdehyde/phenol increased at specific curing temperature.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.243-253
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• 2022

Using non-destructive analytical methods, we identified the material characteristics of two gold fabric artifacts excavated from the Cheongsong Sim clan (Bugeum Wonsam, Jikgeum Chima), including the artifact condition, fiber type, surface contamination, and metallic threads. We found that the artifacts were buried and had turned brown; thus, we were unable to determine their original color. The fiber type was determined to be silk from cocoons, based on scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses of Amide I, II, III, and IV peaks, and color reactions Further, the FT-IR and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses identified the white and black stains as natural resin hydrolyzed substances, such as lipids and proteins, that occurred as microbial decomposition due to body decay. Finally, the XRF analyses identified the thin gold layer of the metallic yarn as gold (Au). According to the FT-IR data and the color reaction to the metallic yarn medium, the adhesive component of the medium was a product of-Amides I, II, III, and 3000 cm^-1 within Amides A and B (an animal type), respectively. Thus, the medium was identified as Hanji (Korean paper), which is made from domestically produced Broussonetia kazinoki fibers.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.284-289
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• 2017

Oxidized polyethylene wax (OPEW) is, one of the food additives, used as a coating agent in citrus fruits and nuts. OPEW is authorized to quantum satis in EU, USA, and is acceptable less than 250 mg/kg in Australia and New Zealand. But OPEW is unauthorized as a food additive in Korea. This study was to establish the analytical method of OPEW and demonstrate the effective application of various food samples. We first conducted to compare the various analytical method including acid value (AV), high temperature gel permeation chromatography (HT-GPC), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS), gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). This result indicated that FT-IR spectrum of OPEW treated food sample displayed absorption bands for carbonyl group (C=O, $1714cm^{-1}$), ester group (C-O, $1463cm^{-1}$), aliphatic group (C-H, $2916cm^{-1}$). Furthermore, IR spectrum of OPEW treated food sample showed similar tendency with IR spectrum of OPEW standard. Therefore, it is confirmed that analytical method using FT-IR can be detected on analysis of OPEW in food. As a result of monitoring of 111 samples using established analytical method, OPEW was not detected in the food samples.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.173-179
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• 1997

출발원료로 ferric nitrate, ethylene glycol, acethyl acetone 혼합용액을 사용하여 dip-coating된 $\alpha$-Fe$_2$O$_3$막을 제조하였다. coating을 위한 혼합용액의 시간의 경과에 따른 용액내의 가교(polymerization) 효과를 관찰하기 위해서 적외선 분광기(FT-IR)을 사용하였고, 막 형성 시 유기물 분해 및 결정화 시작 온도를 확인하기 위하여 FT-IR, XRD, DSC 등을 이용하여 분석을 행하였다. 또한 각 조건에서 제조된 막은 X-선 회절 분석을 통해 결정상을 확인 하였으며, SEM을 통하여 막의 두께 변화에 대하여 관찰하였다.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.23.1-23.1
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.321-322
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• 2000

대기중의 유해 유기오염물질의 배출농도를 규제하는 법규와 표준지침이 제정되어 있으나 시료채취와 분석까지 시간이 많이 걸려 빠른시간내 확인하기엔 어려운 실정이다. 특히 악취성 휘발성 유기물은 오염발생이 순간적으로 일어나 이를 신속하게 규명하지 않으면 원인 규명이 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 이동형 FT-IR을 사용하여 대기중에 존재하는 유해 유기오염물질의 신속하게 분석할 수 있는 분석법을 확립하고자 하였다. (중략)