• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.851-856
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• 2017

The mechanical properties of coating resin on stainless steel were measured by SEM, FT-IR spectra, tensile properties, mole ％ of [NCO/OH], and particle size analyzer. Growing concerns in the environment-friendly coating resin, we have synthesized the solvent-free coating resin to be coating on metals such as stainless steel. The properties of the synthesized coating resin to be contained polyols, MDI, silicone surfactant, fillers and vegetable oil(castor oil), that they have highly stronger in intensity and longer durability than general coating resin of polyurethane resin on stainless steel. The rigid segments of polyurethane in mechanical properties of coatings were due to unsaturated vegetable oil and the increase mole % of [NCO/OH]. In conclusion, the coating microstructure with castor oil can be good material for coatings of anticorrosion of metal substrates such as stainless steel.

• Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.2296-2302
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• 2018

Internally plasticized PVC was prepared via chemical reaction of azide PVC and alkynyl group containing castor oil methyl ester. The chemical structure of alkynyl group containing castor oil methyl ester and internally plasticized PVC was characterized with FT-IR and $^1H$ NMR. Properties of internally plasticized PVC, including thermal stability, tensile tests and resistance to extraction in different solvents, was investigated. The results showed that alkynyl group containing castor oil methyl ester, as internal plasticizer of PVC, not only decreased the $T_g$ of PVC from $84.6^{\circ}C$ to $41.6^{\circ}C$ efficiently, but also presented no plasticizer loss in five different solvents. The tensile tests showed that elongation at break and tensile strength of internally plasticized PVC was 353.8% and 18.1 MPa. The internally plasticized PVC has potential application in replacing the traditional PVC material in PVC products with high durability.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1058-1065
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• 2017

Amino acid based surfactants as protein-surfactants is eco-friendly compound. So, amino acid based surfactants is expected as next generation surfactants. Amino acid based surfactants has high biodegradability, low toxicity and surface active properties. In this experiment, amino acid based surfactants, cocoyl glycine, was synthesized by glycine and triglyceride such as coconut oil and palm oil. And it was tested the surface tension, emulsifying properties, foam stability and HLB value. The synthesized surfactants was confirmed by FT-IR. Surface tension of surfactants synthesized by coconut oil on diluted aqueous solutions of surfactants was 31.2 dyne/cm at $1.0{\times}10^{-4}mol/L$. Surface tension of surfactants synthesized by palm oil on the diluted aqueous solutions of surfactants was 42.1 dyne/cm at $3.2{\times}10^{-5}mol/L$. Foam stability measured the foam height as time passed. Initial foam height of surfactants synthesized by coconut oil is 14.5 cm, and 10.7 cm after five minutes. Initial foam height of surfactants synthesized by palm oil is 3.0 cm, and 2.8 cm after five minutes. Foam height of surfactants synthesized by coconut oil was higher than surfactants synthesized by palm oil. But foam stability of surfactants synthesized by palm oil was better than surfactants synthesized by coconut oil. The emulsifying properties of synthesized surfactants are observed in benzene and soybean oil and emulsifying properties in organic solvent is better than in soybean oil.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.3151-3155
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• 2010

This study was performed to develop analytical methods to better understand the properties and reactivity of petroleum, which is a highly complex organic mixture, using high-resolution mass spectrometry and statistical analysis. Ten crude oil samples were analyzed using negative-mode electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS). Clustering methods, including principle component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and k-means clustering, were used to comparatively interpret the spectra. All the methods were consistent and showed that oxygen and sulfur-containing heteroatom species played important roles in clustering samples or peaks. The oxygen-containing samples had higher acidity than the other samples, and the clustering results were linked to properties of the crude oils. This study demonstrated that clustering methods provide a simple and effective way to interpret complex petroleomic data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1734-1742
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• 2011

Conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) are positional geometric isomers with three and two double bonds, respectively. In this study, perilla seed oil containing 60% ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (C18:3) and 30% linoleic acid (C18:2) was used as a reaction substrate. After the perilla seed oil was hydrolyzed, conjugated fatty acids were synthesized using different reaction parameters, such as reaction time and concentration of sodium hydroxide. As a result, CLnA, CLA, and other newly synthesized conjugated isomers were present at levels of 14.5%, 14%, and 42.2%, respectively, when the reaction was performed with 20% NaOH, at $180^{\circ}C$, and for 1 hr. The results of GC-MS and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed that CLnA isomer of cis-9, trans-11, and trans-13 octadecatrienoate, CLA isomer of cis-9, trans-11, and trans-10, cis-12 octadecadienoate, and other conjugated isomers were produced. Using urea, ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid could be concentrated from perilla seed oil hydrolysate. After concentration by urea, the concentration of ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid reached about 70%. After alkaline-isomerization was performed on the urea fraction containing 70% ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid, the content of CLnA increased up to 16.6%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.180-183
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• 2003

In this work. a potential inexpensive epoxy resin. epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was synthesized and applied as a toughening agent for 4.4'-tetradiglycidyl diaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM). The chemical structure of ESO was characterized by FT-IR, $^1H NMR, and ^{13}C NMR$ spectroscopy. The curing behaviors. thermal stabilities. fracture toughness. and flexural strength of TGDDM/ESO blend systems were investigated by using the dynamic DSC. thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). and flexural tests. The thermal stabilities of TGDDM/ESO blend systems were decreased with increasing ESO contents. whereas the critical stress intensity factor ($K_{IC}$) and flexural strength ($\sigma_f$) were increased with ESO contents up to 10 wt% ESO.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2013

The effets of the pretreatments of tropical kapok fibers were evaluated in this study in terms of water sorption capacity and oil sorption capacity. The alkali treatments with NaOH resulted in the reduction of lignin, oil and hemicellulose, which were detected with FT-IR spectrum. The reduction of the lyphophilic components such as fat on kapok fiber by the ozone treatments were also measured with FT-IR spectrum. The oil sorption capacity of kapok fiber was decreased by the alkali treatments and the ozone treatments, while the water sorption capacity was increased. The liquid sorption capacity were greatly affected by the mechanical cutting of kapok fiber which exposed the big lumen of kapok fiber. The hydrophilic property of kapok fiber could be controlled by the pretreatments, which would increase the applicability of kapok fiber for preparation of various functional paper products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.390-396
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• 2013

Biosurfactants have versatile properties and potential industrial applications. A new producer, B. subtilis TU2, was isolated from the underground oil-extraction wastewater of Shengli Oilfield, China. Preliminary flask culture showed that the titer of biosurfactant obtained from the broth of TU2 was ~1.5 g/l at 48 h (718 mg/l after purification), with a reduced surface tension of 32.5 mN/m. The critical micelle concentration was measured as 50 mg/l and the surface tension maintained stability in solution with 50 g/l NaCl and 16 g/l $CaCl_2$ after 5 days of incubation at $70^{\circ}C$. FT-IR spectra exhibited the structure information of both glycolipid and lipopeptide. MALDI-TOF-MS analyses confirmed that the biosurfactant produced by B. subtilis TU2 was a blend of glycolipid and lipopeptide, including rhamnolipid, surfactin, and fengycin. The blended biosurfactant showed 86% of oil-washing efficiency and fine emulsification activity on crude oil, suggesting its potential application in enhanced oil recovery.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2012

For the preparation of hardened films which can be applied as a binder for flame-resistant materials such as silica, linseed oil was subjected to a low temperature plasma treatment with argon, or oxygen gas. The film was produced much faster than so-called drying of oil in air. The SEM analysis for silica particles embedded in the hardened film after plasma treatment showed that the silica particles were immobilized on substrate and were evenly dispersed. The FT-IR spectral analysis for the plasma-treated linseed oil films demonstrated that the radicals which were formed during the plasma treatments caused the linseed oil to be cross-linked, and the plasmas attacked carbon chains of the oil randomly without focusing on specific vulnerable bonds such carbon double and carbonyl bonds intensively unless exposure times of the plasmas were prolonged too much, while the cross-linking of the air-dried film was considered to occur at the well-known typical sites, i.e., carbon-carbon double bond and ${\alpha}$-methylene carbon. Burning times, as a measure of flame/fire resistance, of silica-filled cellulose substrates, increased with increasing contents of silica.

• Clean Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.274-280
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• 2016

In this study, it was to develop a chemical method that can recycle the cutting oil which accounts for about 25% of the cost of the process among containing materials of silicon waste sludge generated in the process for producing a solar cell wafer. The 7 types of reagents have been used, including acetone, HCl, NaOH, KOH, $Na_2CO_3$, HF, $CH_2Cl_2$, etc. for this experiment. And It was carried out at a speed of 3000 rpm for 60 minutes centrifugation after performing a reaction with a waste sludge at various concentrations. As a result, the best reagents and conditions for separating the solid such as a silicon powder and a metal powder and liquid cutting oil were identified as 0.3 N NaOH. It is found to be pH 6.05 in a post-processing recycled cutting oil with 0.3 N NaOH after reaction of waste sludge and 0.1 N HCl which is effective to remove metal powder in order to adjust the pH to suit the properties of the weak acid is a commercially available cutting oil and it showed excellent turbidity than when applied to sludge with 0.3 N NaOH alone. The results of FT-IR analysis which can compare the properties of the commercially available cutting oil shows it has a possibility of recycling oil. The cutting oil recovery rate obtained through the experiment was found to be 86.9%.