• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2012

Nondestructive evaluation of seed viability is one of the highly demanding technologies for seed production industry. Conventional seed sorting technologies, such as tetrazolium and standard germination test are destructive, time consuming, and labor intensive methods. Near infrared spectroscopy technique has shown good potential for nondestructive quality measurements for food and agricultural products. In this study, FT-NIR spectroscopy was used to classify normal and artificially aged lettuce seeds. The spectra with the range of 1100~2500 nm were scanned for lettuce seeds and analyzed using the principal component analysis(PCA) method. To classify viable seeds from nonviable seeds, a calibration modeling set was developed with a partial least square(PLS) method. The calibration model developed from PLS resulted in 98% classification accuracy with the Savitzky-Golay $1^{st}$ derivative preprocessing method. The prediction accuracy for the test data set was 93% with the MSC(Multiplicative Scatter Correction) preprocessing method. The results show that FT-NIR has good potential for discriminating non-viable lettuce seeds from viable ones.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.608-612
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• 2005

Fourier transform-near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy is a simple, rapid, non-destructive technique which can be used to make quantitative analysis of chemical composition in grain. An interest in total dietary fiber (TDF) of grain such as rice has been increased due to its beneficial effects for health. Since measuring methods for TDF content were highly depending on experimental technique and time consumptions, the application of FT-NIR spectroscopy to determine TDF content in milled rice. Results of enzymatic-gravimetric method were $1.17-1.92\%$ Partial least square (PLS) regression on raw NIR spectra to predict TDF content was developed Accuracy of prediction model for TDF content was certified for regression coefficient (r), standard error of estimation (SEE) and standard error of prediction (SEP). The r, SEE and SEP were 0.9705, 0.0464, and 0.0604, respectively. The results indicated that FT-NIR techniques could be very useful in the food industry and rice processing complex for determination of TDF in milled rice on real time analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1051-1051
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• 2001

In 1989, at the 2nd ICNIRS Meeting in Tsukuba, I projected certain directions for NIR technology would take in the future. Among those projections were: (1) An inrush of companies producing FT-NIR instruments. (2) Hybrid NIR Systems (3) Hand-held NIR Technology. All three thrusts have resulted in numerous commercial offerings over the last 12 years Hand-held technology for all fields is growing at an astonishing rate. To date, NIR work at North Carolina State University has produced four (4) hand-held NIR units for: (1) Nicotine and Moisture in tobacco, (2) Vanillin and Moisture in Vanilla Beans, (3) Protein, Moisture and Nitrogen in plant tissue, (4) Chlorophyll and Moisture in Growing Plants: A NIR Spectrometer for Developing Countries. This paper will discuss these developments, including design and performance data.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.234-239
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• 2017

Identifying the components of residues that are not completely burned at the sites of fires site can provide valuable information for tracing the causes of fires. In order to clarify the types of plastic combustion residues found at the scenes of fires, we studied the residue formed after the combustion of polyethylene (PE) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Plastic samples were burned at 200, 300, 350, 400, and $500^{\circ}C$ for 3 min using a cone calorimeter, and the changes in weight and combustion products were observed. The powder products obtained by lyophilization and pulverization of the combustion products obtained at each temperature were analyzed by a Fourier transform-near infrared (FT-NIR) spectrometer. When the PE samples were burned, the weight did not change up to $350^{\circ}C$, however a significant change in the weight could be measured above $400^{\circ}C$. The principal component analysis (PCA) of the FT-NIR spectra of the PE and ABS samples obtained at each temperature confirmed that the combustion residues at each temperature were PE and ABS, respectively. Therefore, the types of unburned plastics found at the sites of fires can be confirmed rapidly by near infrared spectroscopy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1124-1124
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• 2001

CARNAC is a procedure for obtaining quantitative analysis of a sample by comparison of the NIR spectra of the unknown sample with a database of a large number of samples with NIR spectral and compositional data. The method depends on the compression of the NIR database followed by a modification of the compressed data which emphasizes the required analyte. The method identifies a few very similar samples and the value of the required analyte is calculated from a weighed average of the analyte values for the selected similar samples. The method was originally described at Chambersburg IDRC in 1986 and in the Proceedings of the FT Conference of 1987. This contribution will describe recent work on utilising new methods for both compression and modification.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.97-117
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• 2002

A chemoinfometrical method for quantitative determination of crystal content of indomethacin (IMC) polymorphs based on fourie-transformed near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was established. A direct comparison of the data with the ones collected from using the conventional powder X-ray diffraction method was performed. Pure $\alpha$ and ${\gamma}$ forms of IMC were prepared using published methods. Powder X-ray diffraction profiles and NIR spectra were recorded for six kinds of standard materials with various content of ${\gamma}$ form IMC. The principal component regression (PCR) analyses were performed based on normalized NIR spectra sets of standard samples of known content of IMC ${\gamma}$ form. A calibration equation was determined to minimize the root mean square error of the prediction. The predicted ${\gamma}$ form content values were reproducible and had a relatively small standard deviation. The values of ${\gamma}$ form content predicted by two methods were in close agreement. The results were indicated that NIR spectroscopy provides for an accurate quantitative analysis of crystallinity in polymorphs compared with the results obtained by conventional powder X-ray diffractometry.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2022

The micro-Kjeldahl method, a common technique for analyzing crude proteins, is time-consuming and dangerous due to the employment of reagents such as sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. However, a Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectrophotometer analysis can be completed in under a minute after simple pre-processing if data has been gathered using sufficient reference material in advance. Furthermore, the use of safe reagents in this technique ensures the safety of the experimenter and the environment. In addition, a portable FT-NIR spectrophotometer enables real-time measurement at processing or distribution sites and has recently gained popularity. The standard errors of calibration and regression (r²) for the calibration result for estimating the crude protein content of dried laver were 0.9775 and 1.2526, respectively. The standard error of prediction was 1.1814, and the r² was 0.9303 in the validation results, which was a good level. In the present study, a method for predicting the crude protein content of dried laver using an FT-NIR spectrophotometer in the range of 29%-40% crude protein content has been reported.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2006

Objectives : The determination of oxalate in urine is required for the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperoxaluria, idiopathic stone disease and various intestinal diseases. We examined the possibility of using Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy analysis to quantitate urinary oxalate. The practical advantages of this method include ease of the sample preparation and operation technique, the absence of sample pre-treatments, rapid determination and noninvasiveness. Methods : The range of oxalate concentration in standard urine solutions was $0-221mg/{\ell}$. These 80 different samples were scanned in the region of 780-1,300 nm with a 0.5 nm data interval by a Spectrum One NTS FT-NIR spectrometer. PCR, PLSR and MLR regression models were used to calculate and evaluate the calibration equation. Results : The PCR and PLSR calibration models were obtained from the spectral data and they are exactly same. The standard error of estimation (SEE) and the % variance were $10.34mg/{\ell}$ and 97.86%, respectively. After full cross validation of this model, the standard error of estimation was $5,287mg/{\ell}$, which was much smaller than that of the pre-validation. Furthermore, the MCC (multiple correlation coefficient) was 0.998, which was compatible with the 0.923 or 0.999 obtained from the previous enzymatic methods. Conclusions : These results showed that FT-NIR spectroscopy can be used for rapid determination of the concentration of oxalate in human urine samples.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1276-1276
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• 2001

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are widely distributed in the environment and are often implicated as potential carcinogens. The chromatographic methods of detection and quantitative determination of PAHs in environmental samples are costly, time consuming, and do not account for all kinds of PAHs. This work describes a quantitative spectroscopic method for the analysis of mixtures of eight PAHs using multivariate calibration models for Fourier transform near infrared(FT-NIR) spectral data. The NIR spectra of mixtures of PAHs (anthracene, pyrene, 1,2-benzanthracene, perylene, chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, 1-methylanthracene and benzo(ghi)perylene) were measured in the wavelength range from 1100 nm to 2500 nm. The spectral data were processed using a partial least squares regression. We have studied the spectral characteristics of NIR spectra of mixtures of PAHs. It was possible to determine each PAM used in this study at the environmental level(mg L-1) in the laboratory samples. Further development may lead to the rapid determination of more PAHs in typical environmental samples.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.165-168
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• 2006

Fourier transform-near infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) was evaluated for determination of total dietary fiber (TDF) content of brown rice. Enzymatic-gravimetric method was suitable to obtain reference values for calibration of NIR at 1,000-2,500 nm range. Standard error of laboratory procedure ranged 0.17 to 0.72%. Partial least square (PLS) regression was used to develop the calibration equations. Regression was performed automatically using NIRCal chemometric software. Accuracy of prediction model for TDF content was certified for regression coefficient (r), standard error of estimation (SEE) and standard error of prediction (SEP), showing 0.9780, 0.0636, and 0.0642, respectively. This prediction model can be used for determination of TDF in brown rice and would be useful for real-time analysis in food industry.