• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

This paper proposes a method for measuring friction forces and creating a friction model for a rotary motion control system as well as an autonomous vehicle testbed. The friction forces versus the velocity were measured, and the viscous friction, Coulomb friction, and stiction were identified. With a nominal PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller, we observed the adverse effects due to friction, such as excessive steady-state errors, oscillations, and limit-cycles. By adding an adequate friction model as part of the augmented nonlinear dynamics of a plant, we were able to conduct a simulation study of a motion control system that well matched experimental results. We have observed that the implementation of a model-based friction compensator improves the overall performance of both motion control systems, i.e., the rotary motion control system and the Altino testbed for autonomous vehicle development. By utilizing a better simulation tool with an embedded friction model, we expect that the overall development time and cost can be reduced.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

This paper presents the analysis of friction master curves for a sliding elastomer on rough granite. The hysteresis friction is calculated using an analytical model that considers the energy spent during the local deformation of the rubber due to surface asperities. The adhesion friction is also considered for dry friction prediction. The viscoelastic modulus of the rubber compound and the large-strain effective modulus are obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). We accurately demonstrate the large strain of rubber that contacts with road substrate using the GW theory. We found that the rubber block deforms approximately to 40% strain. In addition, the viscoelastic master curve considering nonlinearity (at 40% strain) is derived based on the above finding. As viscoelasticity strongly depends on temperature, it can be assumed that the influence of velocity on friction is connected to the viscoelastic shift factors gained from DMA using the time-temperature superposition. In this study, we apply these shift factors to measure friction on dry granite over a velocity range for various temperatures. The measurements are compared to simulated hysteresis and adhesion friction using the Kluppel friction theory. Although friction results in the low-speed band match well with the simulation results, there are differences in the predicted and experimental results as the velocity increases. Thus, additional research is required for a more precise explanation of the viscoelastic material properties for better prediction of rubber friction characteristics.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1991

Two-dimensional explicit finite element code was developed. The transient dynamics code can analyse large deformations of non-linear materials subjected to extremely high strain rates. The Lagrangian finite element program uses an explicit time integration operator to integrate the equations of motion, thus the stiffness matrix is not introduced. Cylinder upsetting and ring compression problems are simulated to check the effects of friction and inertia force. It is shown that (1) calculated results agree very well with experimental results, (2) constant shear friction method overestimates the decrease of inner ring radius and then underestimates after on in comparison with the Coulomb friction method, and (3) the effect of the increase in initial strain rate is similar to the effect of higher frictional coefficient.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.58-67
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• 1996

In the present study, the pressure distribution, wall shear stress distribution and friction factor of developing turbulent pulsating flows are investigated theoretically and experimentally in the entrance region of a square duct. The pressure distribution for turbulent pulsating flows are in good agreement with the theoretical values. The time-averaged pressure gradients of the turbulent pulsating flows show the same tendency as those of turbulent steady flows as the time-averged Reynolds number $(Re_{ta})$ increase. Mean shear stresses in the turbulent pulsating flow increase more in the inlet flow region than in the fully developed flow region and approach to almost constant value in the fully developed flow region. In the turbulent pulsating flow, the friction factor of the quasi-steady state flow $({\lambda}_{q, tu})$ follow friction factor's law in turbulent steady flow. The entrance length of the turbulent pulsating flow is not influenced by the time-averaged Reynolds number $(Re_{ta})$ and it is about 40 times as large as the hydraulic diameter.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.2 s.32
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• pp.74-82
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• 1999

Nowadays, the crank shaft motor vehicle has become essential as the important component. The machining precision was asked for manufacturing the shaft. They could be unstable in the quality by the conventional are welding. Both in-process quailty control and high reliability of the weld are the major concerns in applying friction wlding to the economical and qualified mass-production. No reliable nondestructive monitoring method is avaliable at present to determine the real-time evaluation of automatic production quality control for bar-to-bar friction welding of the crank shaft of O.D 24mm for motor vehicle. This paper, so that, presents the experimental examinations and statistical quantitative analysis of the correlation between the cumulative counts of acoustic emission(AE) during plastic deformation periods of the welding and the tensile strength and other properties of the bar-to-bar welded joints of O.D. 24mm shaft as well as the various welding variables, as a new approach which attempts finally to develop real-time quality monitoring system for friction welding, resulting in practical possiblility of real-time quality control more than 100% joint efficiency showing good weld with no micro structural defects.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.175-180
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• 2005

Incorrections between model and plant are parameter, system order uncertainties and modeling error due to disturbance like friction. Therefore to achieve a good tracking performance, adaptive discrete time sliding mode tracking controller is used under time-varying desired position. Based on the diophantine equation, a new discrete time sliding function is defined and utilized for the control law. Robustness is increased by using both a recursive least-square method and a sliding function-based nonlinear feedback. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is proved by the results of simulation and experiment.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.589-597
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• 2018

Centrifuge model tests were used to simulate pile-raft composite foundation and pile-geogrid composite foundation with different pile spacing for researching the time effect of negative skin friction of rigid piles in high-speed railways. The research results show that the negative skin friction has a significant impact on the bearing capacity of composite foundation. Pile-raft composite foundation has higher bearing capacity compared to pile-geogrid composite foundation to reduce the effect of negative skin friction on piles. Both the foundation settlement and negative skin friction have significant time effect. The distribution of skin friction can be simplified as a triangle along the pile. The neutral point position moves deeper in the postconstruction stage at larger pile spacing. For pile-geogrid composite foundation, the setting of pile-cap affects the position of neutral point in the post-construction stage. Reinforced cushion with geotextile may promote the better performance of cushion for transmitting the loads to piles and surrounding soils. Arching effect in the cushion of the composite foundation is a progressive process. The compression of the rigid piles contributes less than 20% to 25% of the total settlement while the penetration of the piles and the compression of the bearing stratum below the pile tips contribute more than 70% of the total settlement. Some effective measures to reduce the settlement of soils need to be taken into consideration to improve the bearing capacity of pile foundation.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.3 s.33
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• pp.77-82
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• 1999

The compleete joining method for dissimilar hot die punch materials and its real-time evaluation method are not available at present. Brazing method has been used for joining them, but it is known that the welded joint by the brazing has the lower bonding efficiency and reliability than the diffusion welding. The friction wleding with a diffusion mechanism in bonding was applied in this study. So, this work was carried out to determine the optimal friction welding conditions and to analyze mechanical properties of friction welded joints of hot die punch materials (STD61 for the blade part of hot die punch) to alloy steel (SCM440 for the shank park of hot die punch) such as plunger. In addition, acoustic emission test was carried out during friction welding to evaluate the weld quality.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.856-863
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• 2008

High-rise apartments of shear wall system are governed by flexural behavior like a cantilever beam. Installation of the damper-brace system in a structure governed by flexural behavior is not suitable. Because of relatively high lateral stiffness of the shear wall, a load is not concentrate on the brace and the brace cannot perform a role as a damping device. In this paper, a friction damper applying flexibility of shear wall is proposed in order to reduce the deformation of a structure. To evaluate performance of the proposed friction damper, nonlinear time history analysis is executed by SeismoStruct analysis program and MVLEM(multi vertical linear element model) be used for simulating flexural behavior of the shear wall. It is found that control performance of the proposed friction damper is superior to one of a coupled wall with rigid beam. In conclusion, this study verified that the optimal control performance of the proposed friction damper is equal to 45 % of the maximum shear force inducing in middle-floor beam with rigid beam.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.439-443
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• 2004

In this research, we describe the sorting conditions modeling by friction force. As in any mechanism which is required to provide good dynamic performance and high accuracy, performance evaluation of optimal control. To understand friction it is necessary to investigate the topography of the sliding surfaces in contact. Any surfaces, even apparently smooth surfaces, are microscopically rough. When two surfaces come into contact, the true contact takes place only at point where asperities come together. The sorting conditions of sorting mechanism with friction force is sorting force must be equal with force can sorting one highest veneer among loaded veneer. This is just a thing being sorted veneer have friction with under veneer and this friction disturb sorting at the same time. Hence, the sorting conditions evaluation is important to sorting one veneer must get under control friction with veneer.