• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate growth characteristics of woody plants that are widely used indoors in accordance with irrigation frequency and to find the optimum irrigation conditions for plants that help to improve the indoor environment. Four woody plants used in this study included Ardisia pusilla, Clusia rosea, Fatsia japonica, and Ficus elastica. They were planted in pots with a diameter of 10cm and cultivated in three different irrigation frequencies: two times per week, one time per week, and one time per two weeks. After 120 days, they were measured by plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, SPAD value, leaf color, leaf water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), and photosynthetic rate. The average soil moisture content was $48.8{\pm}2.1%$ in two times per week, $25.2{\pm}4.4%$ in one time per week, and $10.3{\pm}2.4%$ in one time per two weeks. For A. pusilla, leaf water potential was higher, and Fv/Fm value was 0.731 in two times per week irrigation, showing more wetness. For A. pusilla, F. japonica and F. elastica photosynthetic rate was significantly lower in one time per two weeks irrigation, appearing to be more sensitive to drying than C. rosea. When irrigated one time per week, with the soil's volume average moisture content of 25%, all four woody plants used in this experiment proved to grow smooth. Thus, it was determined to be good for use in indoor landscaping.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 1996

This studies were conducted to basic information on growth characteristics and root yield in progeny the derived from different bolting years and to establish optimum seed production time in Angelica gigas. Plant height of early and mid-growing stages had decreased with each year increase in bolting year, but showed no significance in late growing stage at different bolting years. Root charac­teristics including root length, root diameter and dry root weight was slightly good and it had high root/ shoot ratio in third year seed production. respectively. Bolting rate showed that first year seed 38.1%, second year seed 10.4% and third year seed 1.2%, respectively. Therefore, optimum seed production time revealed third year seed for reduce bolting rate. Root yield at different bolting years showed average 1,690kg per hectare as fresh root weight on first year seed, 2,860kg on second year and 2,940kg on third year seed, respectively. A significant positive correlation was appeared between bolting rate and plant height in mid-growing stage. On the other hard, there was highly significant negative correlation between bolting rate and root yield.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2010

Feasibility of floating aquatic plants (Eichhornia crassipes and Water dropwort) was investigated in order to control of sewage depending on various initial loading in a lab scale test. In addition, field test was conducted to assess the uptake rate of nutrient by E. crassipes. Lab-scale test applying primary domestic effluent operated at 4 day HRT shows that the highest uptake rates were 1.06 g N/$m^2{\cdot}day$ and 0.39 g P/$m^2{\cdot}day$ in the E. crassipes reactor. BOD removal efficiency in E. crassipes reactor was as high as 80% when the loading value was lower than 185 kg BOD/$ha{\cdot}day$. While 70 ~ 80% removal efficiency of BOD was achieved when the loading value was lower 80 kg BOD/$ha{\cdot}day$ at the W. Dropwort reactor. Experiment results show that E.crassipes has a higher nutrients removal efficiency than W. dropwort under high pollutant loading. Input loadings of TN and TP should not exceed to 10 kg TN/$ha{\cdot}day$ and 2.0 kg TP/$ha{\cdot}day$ respectively to provide a 50% TN and 80% TP removal efficiencies using E. crassipes. The field test demonstrated that an annual yield of E. crassipes mass was estimated as a fresh weight of 30.9 $m^3/ha{\cdot}yr$. E. crassipes grown in field pads absorbed 76.7 kg N/$ha{\cdot}yr$ and 13.4 kg P/$ha{\cdot}yr$ as a dry weight.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.631-639
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• 2011

This research was conducted to investigate potential use of New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonoides) as a new vegetable crop which will be cultivating in salt-affected soils including reclaimed land. Traditionally New Zealand spinach has been studied to explore functional compound or salt removing potential. To cultivate the crop species in the salt-affected soil widely, it is essential to obtain salt and soil texture responses under the controlled environment. Fifty nine New Zealand spinach ecotypes native to Korean peninsula first collected over seashore areas, and primitive habitat soil environment was evaluated by analyzing soil chemical properties from 32 locations. Different textures of sandy, silt loam, and sandy loam soils were prepared from nearby sources of sea shore, upland and paddy soils, respectively. Target salinity levels of 16.0 dS/m, 27.5 dS/m, 39.9 dS/m, and 52.4 dS/m in electrical conductivity (ECw) were achieved by diluting of 25, 50, 75, 100% (v/v) sea water to tap water (control, 0.6 dS/m), respectively. Various measurements responding to soil texture and irrigation salinity included plant height, root length, fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), leaf parameters (leaf number, leaf length, leaf width), lateral branching, and inorganic ion content. was found to adapt to diverse habitats ranging various soil chemical properties including soil pH, organic matter, exchangeable bases, EC, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in Korea. Responding to soil texture, New Zealand spinach grew better in silt loam and sandy loam soil than in sandy soil. Higher yield (FW and DW) seemed to be associated with branch number (r=0.99 and 0.99, respectively), followed by plant height (r=0.94 and 0.97, respectively) and leaf number (r=0.89 and 0.84, respectively). Plant height, FW, and DW of the New Zealand spinach accessions were decreased with increasing irrigation salinity, while root length was not significantly different compared to control. Based on previous report, more narrow spectrum of salinity range (up to 16 dS/m) needs to be further studied in order to obtain more accurate salinity responses of the plant. As expected, leaf Na content was increased significantly with increasing salinity, while K and Ca contents decreased. Growth responses to soil texture and irrigation salinity implied the potential use of New Zealand spinach as a leafy vegetable in salt-affected soil constructed with silt loam or sandy loam soils.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of nursery period and block size on seedling quality and fruit yield of paprika (Capsicum annuum L. 'Cupra'). Seeds of paprika (Capsicum annuum L., Cupra) were sown in rockwool plugs. Seedlings were transferred and grown to the rockwool block different sizes: $5{\times}5$, $7.5{\times}7.5$ and $10{\times}10cm$ at sowing after 15 days. The plants were transplanted by 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 days we planted the seeds to the rockwool slabs. Seedling growth was not influenced by block size in the 25 day old plant, since then growed poorly with increasing nursery period in the $5{\times}5cm$ block size, plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, dry weight have no difference from $10{\times}10cm$ and $7.5{\times}7.5cm$, but leaves and leaf area were higher $10{\times}10cm$ than the $7.5{\times}7.5cm$ block size. Growth of the paprika in field 80 days after sawing did not differ from nursery period and block size below 35 days old, but decreased with increasing nursery period and decreasing block size beyond 40 days old. Flowering did not differ from nursery period and block size below 35 days, but delayed with increasing nursery period and decreasing block size beyond 40 days old. The highest yield was obtained from 30 and 35 days old, and decreased with increasing nursery period and decreasing block size beyond 40 days old.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 2002

This study was carried out to find out the effects of date and number of defoliation by different seeding date on growth and yield of perilla. Saeyuepsildlkkae was seeded from April 30 to June 30 at 20 days interval and defoliated from June 30 to Aug. 15 with different defoliation number. 1. Days to emergence, flowering, and maturing were not significantly influenced by defoliation, but those were shortened as seeding date was delayed. The interaction between defoliation and seeding date showed no significant difference. 2. Stem length, number of nodes on main stem, and weight of dry stem were not significantly affected by defoliation, but those were decreased as seeding date was delayed. 3. Yield of fresh loaves was not significantly influenced by seeding date up to May 20, but markedly decreased by the later seeding date. 4. Cluster length and number of cluster per plant were not affected by seeding date, but number of capsules per cluster was decreased from 32 to 25 and 1,000 grain weight was increased from 3.42 to 4.62g as seeding date was delayed. 5. Grain yield was not significantly affected by defoliation and seeding date up to June 10, but markedly decreased by seeding date June 30.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.108-112
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to clarify the effect of cultural years on the growth and yield of Fritillaria thunbergii. It was planted on Middle September, with high ridge between $100cm\;(2 lines){\times}interrow 9cm$ and N-P-K=8.1-11.2-8kg/10a of fertilizers treated basal application. Cultural years were 1, 2 and 3 years, the block of 2 or 3 years was additional same amount of fertilizers at early spring. The results were summarized are as follows. Rapid bulb filling stage was begun 32 days after sprouting, and completed bulb growth needed 72 days. Dry weight/fresh ratio of bulb was ranged from $27.2{\sim}30.3$%. Rate of over 5g bulb weight was 89% at 1 year, 87% at 2 years and 77% at 3 years and bulb yield were 638kg/10a at 1 year. Compared with yield at 1 year, the yield increased 88% at 2 years and 189% at 3 years.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.362-372
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• 2000

This study was conducted to obtain the basic information on the production of high yield and qualitied yam in Andong, major yam-producing district, in Kyongbuk province, using three major Yam cultivars, such as Danma, Jangma and Alata (round type). Alata showed the longest tuber width while Jangma showed the longest tube length. Danma showed the highest tube yield at 2,123 kg/10a. Tubes of Alata had higher dry ratio than those of other cultivars, suggesting that Alata could be used as good processing materials. Characteristics of top parts, such as vine length, leaf number, and lateral vine number showed typical sigmoid curves. Tuber characteristics such as length, width and fresh weight of tuber were linearly increased as the growth period was progressed. Relative growth rate (RGR) for new tuber and stem reached the highest value at 86 DAT (days after transplanting). There were similar tendencies among the cultivars in net assimilation rate (NAR). The highest crop growth rate (CGR) was appeared at 156 DAT regardless of cultivars. In the changes of leaf area ratio (LAR), there were significant differences among three cultivars. LAR were decreased at 86, 106 and 136 DAT for Alata, Danma and Jangma, respectively. However, specific leaf weight (SLW) was greatly increased at 176 DAT, and leaf area index (LAI) was decreased at 156 DAT in all cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 2016

This study examined effects of Enterobacter ludwigii SJR3 showing a high 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, on growth of tomato plant and its expression of stress-related genes under drought and salt stress. SJR3 strain was inoculated at $10^6cell/g$ soil to 4-week grown tomato plants, and drought and salt stresses were treated. After additional incubation for 1 week, root length, stem length, fresh weight and dry weight of tomato plants treated with SJR3 increased by 37.8, 37.2, 96.8 and 146.6%, respectively compared to those of uninoculated plants in drought stress environment, and they increased by 19.2, 25.4, 19.5, and 105.8%, respectively in salt stress environment. Proline content in tomato leaves increased significantly under stress conditions as one of a protecting substance against stresses, but proline contents in tomato treated with SJR3 decreased by 62.1 and 54.1%, respectively. Relative expression of genes encoding ACC oxidase, ACO1 and ACO4, ethylene response factor genes ERF1 and ERF4, and some other stress-related genes were examined from tomato leaves. Compared to the non-stressed tomato, expressions of all stress-related genes increased significantly in the stressed tomato, but gene expressions in the inoculated tomato were similar to those of no-stressed control tomato. Therefore, E. ludwigii SJR3 may play an important role in mitigating drought and salt stress in plants, and can increase productivity of crops under various abiotic stresses.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.312-316
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• 2012

This study evaluated the effect of polyolefine greenhouse covering film on growth of lettuce and cucumber. The growth of lettuce and cucumber plants under conventional film (polyethylene plus ethylenevinyl acetate, PE + EVA) and polyolefine (PO) film were evaluated in a greenhouse. The physical qualities of PO film, such as tensile strength and tear strength, were stronger than conventional PE + EVA film. PO film showed 4% higher transmission performance in photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) than PE + EVA film. The average day and night temperature in greenhouse under PO film were $1.5^{\circ}C$ and $0.8^{\circ}C$ higher but there was no significant difference in relative humidity compared with conventional film. Chlorophyll content of lettuce and cucumber plants grown under PO film were higher than conventional film. Growth characteristics; plant height, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight of cucumber was shown better for PO film. The yields of cucumber and lettuce was increased 14.0% and 13.6% respectively, when the crops were grown under PO covering film greenhouse.