• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 1989

The ethylacetate soluble fraction of Panax ginseng extract, which has been reported to exhibit hematopoietic effect, was divided into three subfractions, i.e., Fr. I, Fr. II and Fr. III by silica gel column chromatography. The hematopoietic effect of each subfraction was examined in rats treated with anticancer agent, Ara-C($1-{\beta}-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine)$). Among them, Fr. III showed 90% recovery of leucocyte and erythrocyte counts in bonemarrow cell depleted rats, suggesting it to be hematopoietic fraction. From Fr. III, two major compounds were isolated and identified as ginsenoside $Rh_1$ and $Rg_2$ by $^{13}C-NMR$ and degradation method.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1182-1199
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• 2023

Fractional repetition (FR) codes can achieve exact uncoded repair for multiple failed nodes, with lower computational complexity and bandwidth overhead, and effectively improve repair performance in distributed storage systems (DSS). The actual distributed storage system is dynamic, that is, the parameters such as node storage overhead and number of storage nodes will change randomly and dynamically. Considering that traditional FR codes cannot be flexibly applied to dynamic distributed storage systems, a new construction scheme of adaptive-and-resolvable FR codes based on hypergraph coloring is proposed in this paper. Specifically, the linear uniform regular hypergraph can be constructed based on the heuristic algorithm of hypergraph coloring proposed in this paper. Then edges and vertices in hypergraph correspond to nodes and coded packets of FR codes respectively, further, FR codes is constructed. According to hypergraph coloring, the FR codes can achieve rapid repair for multiple failed nodes. Further, FR codes based on hypergraph coloring can be generalized to heterogeneous distributed storage systems. Compared with Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, simple regenerating codes (SRC) and locally repairable codes (LRC), adaptive-and-resolvable FR codes have significant advantages over repair locality, repair bandwidth overhead, computational complexity and time overhead during repairing failed nodes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.298-300
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• 2000

고속의 셀 스위칭 기술인 ATM 망의 확대호 인하여 기존 망 및 서비스와의 연동이 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있다. ATM 망이 기간 망으로 적용되더라도 기존의 백본망으로 사용되고 있는 FR(Frame Relay)망은 계속 존재 할 것으로 예상？ 때문에 이들 망의 연동은 필수적이다. ATM/FR 간의 연동 규격은 FR Forum과 ITU-T에서 조금씩 다르게 정의되고 있고 다양한 연동 방식과 다중화 방식이 있기 때문에 이를 통합적으로 관리 할 수 있는 도구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 Web 기반의 망관리 시스템을 설계하고, ATM/FR 연동을 IWF를 이용해서 통합 관리하는 구조를 설계하고 구현한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1029-1033
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• 1999

Seven fractions were separated by silica gel chromatography from the diethyl ether souble portion of the methanolic extract of the cultured hoelen(Poria cocos Wolf). Three fractions were separated from the Fr.II and Fr.IV by rechromatography, respectively. The most active fraction, Fr.II 3 and Fr.IV 3, were separated to 2 and 4 fractions by preparative HPLC. On the result of antimicrobial test, triterpenoids fractions showed weaker effect than benzoic acid but Fr.II 3 1, Fr.II 3 2 had an excellent antimi crobial activity. Triterpenoids fraction of hoelen(Poria cocos Wolf) showed a high inhibition activity on the growth of lung cancer, ovary cancer, skin cancer, central nerve cancer and rectum cancer cell, especially the activity of Fr.II 3 1 and Fr.II 3 2 was the highest.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.36-48
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• 2013

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of several fractions obtained from methylene chloride ($CH_2Cl_2$) extract of self-fermented pine needle (SFPNE) on the acetylcholine (ACh)-evoked CA release from the isolated perfused model of the rat adrenal medulla and to establish the mechanism of the most active fraction (Fr.)-induced inhibitory action on the CA release. We obtained 6 fractions from $CH_2Cl_2$ extract of self-fermented pine needle. For the ACh (5.32 mM)-evoked CA release, the following rank order of inhibitory potency was obtained: Fr.4-5 > Fr.8-11 ${\gg}$ Fr.3 > Fr.6 = Fr.7 > Fr.1-2. Fr. 4 - 5 (60 ${\mu}g/mL$) perfused into an adrenal vein for 90 min produced relatively time-dependent inhibition of the CA secretory responses to ACh (5.32 mM), DMPP (100 ${\mu}M$), McN-A-343 (100 ${\mu}M$) and high $K^+$ (56 mM). Fr. 4 - 5 itself did not affect basal CA secretion. Also, in the presence of Fr. 4 - 5 (60 ${\mu}g/mL$), the CA secretory responses to angiotensin II (AngII, 0.1 ${\mu}M$), veratridine (50 ${\mu}M$), Bay-K-8644 (10 ${\mu}M$), and cyclopiazonic acid (10 ${\mu}M$) were significantly reduced, respectively. In the simultaneous presence of Fr. 4 - 5 (60 ${\mu}g/mL$) and L-NAME (30 ${\mu}M$), the inhibitory responses of Fr. 4 - 5 on the CA secretion evoked by ACh, DMPP, high $K^+$, AngII, Bay-K-8644 and veratridine were considerably recovered to the extent of the corresponding control secretion compared with that of Fr. 4 - 5-treatment alone. The level of NO released from adrenal medulla after the treatment of Fr. 4 - 5 (60 ${\mu}g/mL$) was greatly elevated compared with the basal level. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Fr. 4 - 5 inhibits the CA secretion from the isolated perfused rat adrenal medulla evoked by stimulation of cholinergic receptors as well as by direct membrane-depolarization. It seems that this inhibitory effect of Fr. 4 - 5 is mediated by blocking the influx of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Na^+$ into the adrenomedullary chromaffin cells as well as by inhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ release from the cytoplasmic calcium store, which is evoked at least partly through the increased NO production due to the activation of NO synthase. Based on these results, it is also thought that Fr. 4 - 5 isolated from $CH_2Cl_2$ extract of pine needle may contain beneficial antihypertensive components to prevent or treat hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.161-165
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• 1999

The objective of this research was to find a useful genetic information for yield characteristics of tillering maize hybrids. Fls were planted under three plant densities at the experimental field of Agricultural College of Chungnam National University. The fresh yield of P1213749//FR805/IK3, FR805/IK3//Waesungri and IK/LE/FR805/IK3 was 7,862kg/10a, 8,290kg/10a and 7,746kg/10a, respectively. The fresh yield of tillering maize hybrids was higher than that of P3394 hybrids. The dry matter yield of P3394 hybrid was 1,430kg/10a with low plant density(4,800p1an1s) and that of PI213749//FR805/IK3 was 1,834kg/10a, the dry weight of FR805/IK3//Waesungri was 1,836kg/10a and that of IK/LE/FR805/IK3 was 1,810kg/10a. Grain yields per 10a of IK/LE//FR805/IK3(783kg) was the highest in 4,800plants/10a, and that of check hybrid was higher than the tillering maize hybrids in 3,600plants/10a, but grain yield per 10a of IK/LE/FR805/IK3 was 752kg, and that of P1213749/Dangjin//IK/LE(699kg) was higher than P3394 hybrid(680kg) with 2,400plants/10a.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.36S no.10
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• pp.30-39
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• 1999

In this paper, the size of IWU frame cell buffer is analyzed that receives FR frame cells from other FR networks through ATM backbone network. The frame cell buffer receives multiplexed ATM cells from other IWUs that provide interworking with ATM network for other FR networks A receiving IWU reassembles frames from multiplexed ATM cells by identifying the VPI/VCIs. The reassembled frames are transmitted on FR network links according to their destination. Therefore, IWU needs sufficient amount of buffers for the assembly of the frames and for providing the assembled frames with the queue to wait until the frame is transmitted by FR network link. In this paper, the probability of frame loss at the frame cell buffer is derived in terms of traffic parameters, the number of multiplexed FR connections, the number of FR links and the transmission capacity. By applying the derived results, we analyzed the required buffer size for a given probability of frame loss. Also, it is presented that how the probability and the required size are effected by the number of multiplexed FR connections and FR transmission links.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1723-1728
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• 2007

Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM), a type of red raspberry, grows wild in Korea and China and its unripe fruit is used as a folk medicine for the treatment of impotence and as a diuretic. RCM was extracted with methanol and then further fractionated it into for different types. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of a RCM extract (ext.) and its fraction (fr.). DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay, total polyphenols contents, total flavonoids contents assay were used to analyze antioxidant activity. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity $(RC_{50}:1.67{\mu}g/ml)$ and total polyphenols contents $(546.25{\mu}g/mg)$ were higher in butanol fraction than in other fr. And total flavonoids contents was higher in ethylacetate fr. $(141.78{\mu}g/mg)$. We applied comet assay to measure the DNA damage in the individual cells and exposed time course at $IC_{50}$. Comet assay is a rapid and sensitive fluorescent microscopic method to examine DNA damage and repair at individual cell level. The butanol fro from RCM significantly induced 54.12%, 57.95% of DNA damage after treated RCM for 8 hr. In conclus

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1431-1438
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• 2008

Immunomodulating activities of water-soluble exopolysaccharides (LL-EX) obtained from submerged mycelial culture of Lentinus lepideus were studied and their effectiveness was compared with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The influence of the LL-EX on macrophage cellular lysosomal enzyme activity was to stimulate up to 267%, 392%, and 464% at the level of 10, 50, and $100{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. When the LL-EX was further fractionated into LL-Fr.I and Fr.II by Sepharose CL-6B gel chromatography, the cellular lysosomal enzyme activity of LL-Fr.II (2.1-fold) was higher than Fr.I (1.2-fold). Moreover, both LL-Fr.I and Fr.II stimulated the cytokines IL-1$\beta$, TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-6 in macrophages. In mixed lymphocyte reaction, LL-Fr.I and Fr.II enhanced the splenocyte proliferation up to 1.2-fold and 1.4-fold ($50{\mu}g/ml$), respectively, stimulating only T lymphocytes. The fractions of LL-EX not show any direct toxicity against human gastric adenocarcinoma cell (AGS). The molecular masses of LL-Fr.I and Fr.II were estimated to be about 1,986 kDa and 21 kDa, respectively. The total sugar and protein contents of the two fractions were 84.97% and 69.88%, and 15.03% and 30.12%, respectively. The sugar and amino acid compositions of the LL-Fr.I and Fr.II were also analyzed in detail.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.395-402
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• 2002

Caveolae are small, flask-shaped, non-clathrin coated invaginations of the plasma membrane of many mammalian cells. Caveolae have a coat that includes caveolin. They have been implicated in numerous cellular processes, including potocytosis. Since the human folate receptor (hFR) and other glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-tailed proteins have been co-localized to caveolae, we studied the caveolin role in the hFR function by transfecting hFR and/or caveolin cDNA into Fischer rat thyroid epithelial (FRT) cells that normally do not express detectable levels of either protein. We isolated and characterized stable clones as follows: they express (1) high levels of caveolin alone, (2) hFR and caveolin, or (3) hFR alone. We discovered that hFR is correctly processed, sorted, and anchored by a GPI tail to the plasma membrane in FRT cells. No difference in the total folic acid binding or cell surface folic acid binding activity were found between the FRT cells that were transfected with hFR, or cells that were transfected with hFR and caveolin. The hFR that was expressed on the cell surface of clones that were transfected with hFR was also sensitive to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) release, and incorporated radiolabeled ethanolamine that supports the attachment of a GPI-tail on hFR. We conclude that the processing, sorting, and function of hFR is independent on the caveolin expression in FRT cells.