• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.694-699
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of bovine colostral whey fractions on proliferation of Th1 cells and to verify the effect of whey fractions that are directly related to growth of Th1 cells on macrophages activation. Whey was fractionated into 3 fractions depending on by ultrafiltration (fraction (Fr.) I; molecular weight (Mw.) 10 kDa and more, Fr. II; Mw. $1\;kDa{\sim}10\;kDa$, Fr. III; Mw. less than 1 kDa) and examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fr. II stimulated and proliferated Th1 cells most at 1 mg/mL concentration and the percentage of cell proliferation was 67.1%. The secretive induction of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ $(TNF-{\alpha})$ by whey, Fr. II, protein fraction (Fr. P) and oligosaccharide fraction (Fr. O) after fractionating Fr. II into Fr. P and Fr. O on the basis of Th1 cells growth was that Fr. O had more 80% secretive induction of $TNF-{\alpha}$ than that of $1\;{\mu}g/mL$ lipopolysaccharide that was positive control. So confirmed that Fr. O induced $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion by activating macrophages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.49-49
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• 1993

간암세포에 대한 세포독성효과를 민간생약을 대상으로 screening한 결과, 덩굴차, 해당화, 보리수나무, 인진호가 강한 활성을 나타내었다. 그 외 죽역, 엉겅퀴, 등나무흑, 비파등도 중정도의 세포독성을 나타내었다. 활성성분을 규명할 목적으로 각 분획별로 활성을 검토해 보았다. 인진호는 CHCl$_3$ Fr. 및 EtoAc Fr.이 강한 활성을 나타내었고, 그들은 모두 용량의존적으로 세포독작용을 나타내었으며, CHCl$_3$ Fr.이 더 강한 활성을 나타내었다. 등나무혹은 CHCl$_3$ Fr 및 EtoAc Fr.이 강한 활성을 나타내었으며, EtoAc Fr.이 용량의존적으로 세포독작용을 나타내었다. 비파는 Hexane Fr 및 CHCl$_3$ Fr.에서 강한 활성이 있었고, 그들은 용량의존적으로 세포독성을 나타내었으며, CHCl$_3$ Fr.에서 더 강한 활성이 인정되었다. 그리고 비파에서 분리된 ursolic acid는 6-100$\mu\textrm{g}$/m1에서 용량의존적으로 간암세포 독성작용을 나타내었다.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.3108-3115
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• 1999

Frame relay needs UPC function for the multiplexed logical connections to prevent malicious user traffic from incoming to network, to guarantee the QoS of conformed user traffic, and to protect the normal operation of network system. On the FR/ATM interworking in ATM networks, the UPC may be conducted either by cell-based ATM UPC or frame-based FR UPC. Frames come into and traverse ATm networks by segmentation to ATM cells. Of course, FR QoS should be guaranteed in spite of segmentation and reassembly in ATM networks. In this paper, we compared the QoS of cell-based ATM UPC and frame-based FR UPC in terms of analysis and simulation in case of ingress of excess traffic over negotiated traffic parameters at user-to-network interface. Also we studied frame-based UPC schemes including window-based FR UPC and frame-based VSA which is an ATM UPC algorithm recommended by ITU-T. We described introductions to frame relay including frame structure and FR/ATM interworking, FR traffic parameters and their relationship, comparison of FR QoS between frame-based FR UPC and cell-based ATM UPC, comparison of FR UPC schemes, necessities of egress traffic control, and conclusions.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.519-523
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• 2002

Soluble polysaccharide (SP) from green layer, Enteromorpba prolifera was extracted 3 times with distilled water at 100$^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs and fractionated with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and ion exchange chromatography (DEAE Separose CL-6B). The SP amounted to $23.7\%$ of the dry seaweed weight and contained $68.8\%$ carbohydrate. It was mainly constituted of rhamnose, glucose, xylose, sulfate and uronic acid and was fractionated with CPC into three (CPC-S, CPC-PS, CPC-PP) tractions. The major acid fraction CPC-PS accounted for $10.2\%$ of the dry algal weight. CPC-PS was further fractionated on DEAE Sepharose CL-6B into Fr-1 ($8.0\%$), Fr-2 ($35.8\%$), Fr-3 ($23.7\%$) fractions. The Fr-3 fraction contained $2.2\%$ protein, $21.4\%$ sulfate, $15.3\%$ uronic acid, and $72.4\%$ polysacchnrides composed of rhamnose, xylose and glucose. The Fr-2 fraction, which was richer in uronic acid ($17.5\%$) and poorer in sulfate ($19.0\%$) and total sugar ($68.8\%$) than the Fr-3, had a sugar composition close to that of Fr-3. The average molecular weights of Fr-2 and Fr-3 were 510,000 and 830,000 daltons, respectively. Fr-3 turned out to be homogeneous by cellulose acetate electrophoresis.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.2 s.73
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• pp.121-128
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• 1995

The characteristics of protein-bound polysaccharides (PBP) which were isolated and purified from the sawdust mycelia of Agrocybe cylindracea were investigated. The yield of crude protein-bound polysaccharides (Fr.CB) extracted with boiling water and precipitated with 95% ethanol, was 0.74% based on the original sawdust mycelia. The Fr.CB was purified by the membrane filtration, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The Fr.B fraction of which the molecular weight is over 300 KDa, was isolated from the Fr.CB using membrane filtration, and the yield was 38.6% based on the Fr.CB. This result indicates that high molecular protein-bound polysaccharides are the dominent components of the Fr.CB. Two fractions (Fr.B-1, Fr.B-2) were also isolated from the Fr.B using ion exchange chromatography, and the yields were 17.3% (Fr.B-1) and 10.3% (Fr. B-2), respectively. The Fr.B-1 was concentrated and gel-filtrated, and the single peak, thought to be nearly pure protein-bound polysaccharides, was obtained. The yield of final fraction $(Fr.B-1-{\beta})$ was 42.5% based on the Fr.B-1. The molecular weight of $Fr.B-1-{\beta}$ was nearly 710 KDa. The monosaccharides' composition of $Fr.B-1-{\beta}$ was analized by HPLC, and glucose was the dominent component, and fucose and galactose were also detected. The result of amino acid analysis was that glutamic acid and analysis were detected to a significant level, and cysteine was not detected.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.287-291
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• 2002

This study was carried out to analyze the physical peroperties and components according to kinds and harvesting season for the Quality improvement and arangement of e99plants exporting in Japan. The size and weight of chukyang eggplants were larger than those of shikibu, and those of eggplants harvested in winter were smaller than those of eggplants in summer. The pH and brix were not different between cultivar of eggplants and were small different between harvesting seasons. The contents of glucose and fructose was 115.4∼155.4, 64.2∼102.1mg/100g-fr.wt., respectively. And total contents of free sugars was 211.4∼351.1mg/100g-fr.wt. and those of chukyang was higher than those of sikibu. Total contents of free amino acids were from 73.4mg/100g-fr.wt. to 111.8mg/100g-fr.wt and was higher in chukyang than shikibu. The contents of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid was 90.0∼118.3, 28.3∼32.3mg/100g-fr.wt., respectively. And total contents of ascorbic acids were 149.4, 119.9mg/100g-fr.wt., in eggplants harvested at summer. The content of potassium and sodium was 229.97∼233.59, 135.98∼156.28mg/100g-fr.wt., respectively. The total contents of minerals was 89.35∼420.2mg/100g-fr.wt., and those of chukyang was higher than those of shikibu.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.506-515
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to compare the rate of in vitro demineralization of bovine permanent (BP), human deciduous (HD) and human permanent (HP) enamel. Twenty aye flattened and polished enamel samples for each group (BP, HD, HP) were immersed in a demineralizing solution (0.1 mol/L lactic acid, 0.2% Carbopol 907, and 50% saturated hydroxyapatite) for 1, 2, 4 or 8 days. All 25 samples from each group were subjected to Quantitative light induced fluorescence analysis (QLF) and 5 samples from each group were randomly selected for Transverse Microradiography analysis (TMR). Integrated mineral loss (IML) and lesion depth (LD) were determined by TMR. The fluorescence radiance (FR) of sound enamel $(FR_S)$, demineralized enamel $(FR_D)$ were determined by QLF and FR ratio $(FR_D/FR_S)$ was calculated. Bovine enamel samples showed significant correlation between FR ratio and lesion depth(p<0.05) and deciduous enamel samples does not showed significant correlation between FR ratio and lesion depth(p>0.05). Permanent enamel samples showed significant correlation between FR ratio and lesion depth(p<0.05) The constant of demineralization time between FR ratio from regression analysis were as follows: bovine enamel was -4.643(p<0.05) deciduous enamel was -5.421(p<0.05) and permanent enamel was -4.435(p<0.05).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.323-328
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• 2001

Anterior open bite is one in which the teeth in the anterior portion of the maxilla and mandible are vertically apart and lack the overlapping necessary for the incisive function when the mandible is in closed position. Anterior open bite is a result of the interaction of many different etiologic factors including thumb and finger sucking, lip and tongue habits, airway obstruction, skeletal growth abnormalities and its tendency may appear with any type of skeletal patterns, such as Class I, II or III malocclusion types. Though the treatment methods for anterior open bite are various, the conventional FR-4, designed by Rolf Fr$\"{a}$nkel, is known to be effective in treating open bite cases with Class I or II skeletal patterns. It is due to that an incidence of skeletal Class II is high in the Occidentals, and open bite is accompanied by these malocclusion type in many cases. However, an incidence of skeletal Class III is high in the Orientals, and open bite is sometimes accompanied by skeletal Class III in many cases. Although the use of the conventional FR-4 was effective in the treatment of open bite, skeletal Class III would be worsened. So, a modified FR-4(placing the labial bow in the lower, the labial pads in the upper) was designed for the treatment of patients showing skeletal Class III and open bite.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 1990

Higher fungi were collected in Mt. Jiri National Park areas from May, 1987 to October, 1987. These higher fungi were identified. As a result of identification, Conocybe rickenii (Schaeffer) Kuhner, Coprinus rhizophorus kawam et al., Agaricus comtulus Fr., Tricholomopsis decora (Fr.) Sing., Gymnopilus penetrans (Fr. ex Fr.) Murr., Amanita abrupta Peck, A. rufoferruginea Hongo and Stropharia semiglobata (Batsch ex Fr.) Quel. were newly recorded in Korea.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2006

This study investigated the physiological activities of different molecular weight (MW) fractions of crude polysaccharide from $D\check{o}d\check{o}k$ (Codonopsis lanceolata). The crude polysaccharide cut off for each fraction was: <1,000 MW (Fr I), 1,000 MW