• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.4 s.117
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• pp.37-47
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• 2006

The city of Siheung in the Kyunggi-do Province has various natural resources such as the ocean, mountains, wide farmland, various types of wetlands, streams and rivers. In addition, the city has a big greenbelt, which consists of two-thirds of the area, where development has been regulated. Since the city has a relatively well-preserved natural environment, it offers a great potential for regional development. The purpose of this study is to create an eco-tourism resource plan for the Mulwang reservoir, which offers many opportunities for ecotourism in the city of Siheung. This study includes a literature review for planning elements and suggests a comprehensive plan that includes conservation, eco-restoration, route program and practice program for ecotourism in and around the site. The plan also includes eco-farming, a visitor center, an ecovillage, the chance to experience livestock farming, opportunities to learn about and experience the forest, tracking, eco-learning, an environmental interpretation facility, fishing and aquatic-oriented leisure activities. This study's process and results show possibilities that can be applied to other areas where eco-tourism using natural resources is used for regional development.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1349-1360
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the relations between using experience of environmental education facilities and attitude toward environmental education in parents who have elementary students in Seattle, U.S. The findings of this study represented that elementary parents have a great understanding about the importance of environmental education. Parents have a strong agreement with the necessity of environmental education in childhood. This research also found the differences between grades and facilities for environmental education in expected effect on environmental education and desirable fields of environmental education. The awareness of the importance of environmental education increased according to frequency in using environmental education facilities. In addition, the more the experiences of using various environmental education facilities, such as museum of natural history, science museum, arboretum, and aquarium expanded, the more educational effects positively increased over time.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the monitoring experience of nursing students and to suggest considerations when developing mentoring programs. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted by online surveys and individual interviews with 7 nursing students who participated in the health promotion program as mentors. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify motives for participating in mentoring and to explore their changes through mentoring. Results: The results were as follows: Motives for participating were 'inquisitiveness about children', 'interest in mentoring activities' and 'curiosity about research'. Recognition of mentor roles were 'actively involved guide', 'exemplary role model' and 'empathetic emotional supporter'. Changes through mentoring experiences were revealed by 'understanding the characteristics of children', 'improvement of interaction ability with children', 'understanding self and changes' and 'recognition of excellence in forest activities'. Conclusion: Nursing students had opportunities to learn the characteristics of general children and to understand themselves through natural interaction. Participation in mentoring has the potential to be a creative educational method of field learning as a form of service learning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2001

This study investigates how motivations, preferences, and past experiences vary by each hikers trail choice at the Mt.Keyryong National Park. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors influencing behavioral choice in the recreation areas, and establish the fundamental theory for the efficient management of the resource and visitors. For this study, we have collected 472 respondents by on-site self-administrated questionnaire from the hikers in the park. The collected data were analyzed by the descriptive statistics and the discriminant analysis. The motivations variable of hiking participation on mountain trail were categorized three types; close-nature, escapism, and physical improvement. The preferences for trail environment were classified as four categories by factor analysis; preference for nature, safety, use density, and facilities. In descriptive statistics, the study showed that the experienced hikers prefer natural trials and hikers who have preference for close-nature select longer and deeper forest trails. The results of discriminant analysis indicate that the level of past experience is the most affectable in classification of trail choice. Such variables as motivation for close-nature and preference for nature were also appeared as affecting factors on classification of trail choice. Two discriminant functions were available, and 90.5 percent of analysis sample were correctly classified. In the validity analysis, 89 percent of holdout sample were correctly classified. These hit ratios ensures an accuracy by Press Q test. The result of this study is to be useful knowledge of the choice of detailed use environments in the same recreation areas.

• The Journal of the Korean Institute of Forest Recreation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2018

This study analyzes the economic feasibility on the transition of production structure to increase income for a local forest village in Laos PDR. The study area was the Nongboua village in Sangthong district where the primary product is rice from rice paddy. Possible strategies were considered to increase the villagers' revenue, and Noni (Morinda citrifolia) was production in the short-term. We assumed that the project period was for 20 years for the analysis, and a total of 1,100 Noni tree was planted in 1 ha by $3m{\times}3m$ spacing. This study classified basic scenario one, scenario two, scenario three by the survival rate and purchase pirce of Noni. Generally Noni grows well. However, the seedlings' average survival rate (= production volume) was set up conservatively in this study to consider potential risks such as no production experience of Noni and tree disease. The scenario one assumed that the survival rate of Noni seedlings was 50% for 0-1 years, 60% for 0-2 years, and 70% for 3-20 years; the scenario two, 10% less, i.e., 40%, 50%, and 60%; and the scenario three, 10% less, i.e., 40%, 50%, 60% and purchase price 10% less, i.e., $0.29 to $0.26, respectively. Our analysis showed that all 3 scenarios resulted in economically-feasible IRR (internal rate of return) of 24.81%, 19.02%, and 16.30% of with a discounting rate of 10%. The B/C (benefit/cost) ratio for a unit area (1ha) was also analyzed for the three scenarios with a discounting rate of 10%, resutling in the B/C ratio of 1.71, 1.47, and 1.31. The study results showed that the Nongboua village would have a good opportunity to improve its low-income structure through planting and managing alternative crops such as Noni. Also the results can be used as useful decision-making information at a preliminary analysis level for planning other government and public investment projects for the Nonboua village.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.532-540
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• 2018

Importance-performance analysis (IPA) is a simple and effective technique that can assist practitioners in prioritizing customer attributes to enhance service quality and visitor's satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to use the IPA-Kano model to examine the correlation of visitor's satisfaction and management matters and deduce the management priority. It classifies 14 visiting satisfaction attributes into basic factors (forest environments and staff/information center), performance factors (the natural landscape, trail facilities, forest status, easy access, and historical and cultural resources), and excitement factors (the value of natural monument, educational experiences, and entrance fee) to select the management priority according to the achievement (satisfaction). The management priority according to the performance is staff/information center > easy access > forest environment > trail facilities, historical and cultural resources, forest status, and natural landscape > entrance fee and educational experience > value of natural monument. By considering their performance, it further identifies development priorities for visitor's satisfaction improvement. These priorities allow local governments to deploy scarce resources to improve satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2013

Log grading rules are essential tools to ensure the quality of logs in distribution structure. The rules should reflect the long experience and accepted usage practice in the market. A gap between the rules and market should be improved based on analysis of log qualities that produced and market demand. In this study more than ten millions logs which were produced by 5 Regional Forest Services in 2010~2011 period, were analyzed in their qualities including diameters and lengths by species. A proposal was driven to improve the current log grading rules in terms of log diameter classes and length. The followings are the summary of this study. Most of domestic softwood logs are belong to small diameter class of 100~160 mm, which imply the diameter classes of current log grading rules are immoderate. Distributions of log diameter shows distinctive patterns by species, which indicate a necessity of differentiated diameter classes by species in an improved rules. Lengths of logs in productions do not corresponding to the demands and preferences in sawmills. Therefore it is highly recommended to include log length term in an improved log grading system. Based on these findings, 6 log grading systems for 3 species groups of softwood are newly proposed to improve current log grading rules. Limits of log diameter and log length are also proposed for each log grading system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze factors affecting villagers' participation in conservation of village woodlands. We postulated that socio-economic characteristics such as gender, age, place of birth, wealth level, frequency of use and leader experience could contribute to decision-making of participation in the village woodland conservation. Data were collected by interviewing 52 villagers in village A and 41 villagers in village B and were used to estimate the probability function of villager's participation in village woodland conservation using ordered logit model. The results indicate that frequent use of village woodlands increases the probability of villagers' participation in conservation of village woodlands in the case of village A. In the case of village B, people who were born in the village and have experiences of serving the village as a village leader are more likely to participate in the village woodland conservation activities. Considering the fact that the village woodland of village A is owned by the community as a village common, and that cultural activities remain in the village woodland of village A, the utility of village woodlands to the residents and their common understanding of village woodlands seem to influence the likelihood of villagers' participation in conservation of village woodlands. In order to induce villagers' participation in the village woodland conservation, it is necessary to recognize the right of villager's access and provide villagers with common understanding of village woodlands through cultural activities and education programs.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.264-274
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• 2020

Background: Climate change has altered the various ecosystem processes including forest ecosystem in Himalayan region. Although the high mountain natural forests including treelines in the Himalayan region are mainly reported to be temperature sensitive, the temperature-related water stress in an important growth-limiting factor for middle elevation mountains. And there are very few evidences on growth performance of planted forest in changing climate in the Himalayan region. A dendrochronological study was carried out to verify and record the impact of warming temperature tree growth by using the tree cores of Pinus roxburghii from Batase village of Dhulikhel in Central Nepal with sub-tropical climatic zone. For this total, 29 tree cores from 25 trees of P. roxburghii were measured and analyzed. Result: A 44-year long tree ring width chronology was constructed from the cores. The result showed that the radial growth of P. roxburghii was positively correlated with pre-monsoon (April) rainfall, although the correlation was not significant and negatively correlated with summer rainfall. The strongest negative correlation was found between radial growth and rainfall of June followed by the rainfall of January. Also, the radial growth showed significant positive correlation with that previous year August mean temperature and maximum temperature, and significant negative correlation between radial growth and maximum temperature (Tmax) of May and of spring season (March-May), indicating moisture as the key factor for radial growth. Despite the overall positive trend in the basal area increment (BAI), we have found the abrupt decline between 1995 and 2005 AD. Conclusion: The results indicated that chir pine planted population was moisture sensitive, and the negative impact of higher temperature during early growth season (March-May) was clearly seen on the radial growth. We emphasize that the forest would experience further moisture stress if the trend of warming temperatures continues. The unusual decreasing BAI trend might be associated with forest management processes including resin collection and other disturbances. Our results showed that the planted pine forest stand is sub-healthy due to major human intervention at times. Further exploration of growth climate response from different climatic zones and management regimes is important to improve our understanding on the growth performance of mid-hill pine forests in Nepal.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.231-243
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• 2018

This study was conducted to determine and compare the perceived number of users (PNU) and evaluative standards for each type of visitors to "Healing Field" of Jangseong Pyunbaek Healing Forest (JPHF). Data were collected from 158 samples selected by convenient sampling method from the users of "Healing Field" in JPHF during September 2017. Visitors to "Healing Field" consisted of 49.3% for recreation (VR), 15.3% for healing (VH), and 35.3% for both recreation and healing (VRH). Respondents' average PNU was 23.8 (median: 20.0), and the range of average PNU by visitor type was 21.1-27.8 (median: 20.0). Respondents' PNU showed low correlations with perceived crowding (PC) (r=0.23) and perceived interference of healing experience (PIHE) (r=0.20). There were no differences in the optimal number of users (ONU) of "Healing Field" among the types of visitors. The overall average ONU was 28.9(median: 25.0), and the range of average ONU by types of visitors was 25.4-31.4 (median: 25.0-27.5). The overall maximum acceptable number of users (MANU) was 38.1, and MANU for VR, VH, and VRH was 36.9, 32.0, and 38.0, respectively. Respondents' mean PC was 2.73 (SD: 3.26, 9-point scale) while mean PIHE was 3.26 (SD: 1.77, 9-point scale). The VRH group showed a higher PC and PIHE than the VR group. The group with greater PNU than ONU showed higher PC and PIHE than the other groups. Based on the results, this paper presented some managerial implications, discussed the limitations of the study, and suggested the further studies.