• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.423-426
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• 1993

A total 930 outbreaks of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) were recorded in Bangladesh from 1988 to 1991. Number of FMD outbreaks was recorded highest in Rajshahi division (304) followed by Dhaka (272), Khulna (203) and Chittagong (151). During 1988 to 1991, FMD outbreaks reached in peak level in 1990 (540) followed by 1989 (209), 1988 (95) and 1991 (86). Outbreaks though occurred throughout the year were higher in premonsoon and winter seasons. Morbidity rate was found significantly higher (p<0.01) in cattle (35.5%) than buffaloes (23.3%) and sheep/goats (4.8%). Of the cattle, bull/bullock infected more (p<0.01) than cows and calves. Morbidity rate in different animals was observed significantly higher (p<0.01) in Rajshahi and Dhaka divisions than in Khulna and Chittagong. Mortality specially in calves was found at the rate of 50.9%. Loss in milk yield was found to be 66.6%. Disease period for a FMD affected cattle varied from 16 to 26 days (average 22.7 days). Loss of working days per working cattle ranged from 14 to 24 days (average 21.2 days) and the loss in draft energy per cattle was found to be 12.7 to 18.9 KW hour.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.315-317
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• 1996

An investigation was carried out to find out the strains of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus in 24 districts of Bangladesh. A total of 505 FMD virus samples were collected from June, 1989 to June, 1991 and tested by complement fixation test (CFT). Of these, 276 (54.7%) were found positive for different strains of FMD virus and the rest 45.3% were either negative or anticomplementary. Strains identified were O, C, Asia-1 and sub-strains $A_5$ and $A_{22}$. Strain O was found to be most prevalent(39.8%) followed by Asia-1 (5.7%), C (5.3%), $A_5$ (3.4%) and $A_{22}$ (0.4%). Prevalence of sub-strain $A_5$ was reported for the first time in Bangladesh. District-wise typing of FMD virus has been done which would be helpful for appropriate vaccination programme in different districts of Bangladesh for control of the malady.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2012

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is highly contagious and highly lethal to cloven-hoofed animals. In the winter of 2010, an outbreak of FMD in Korea caused a great deal of economic damage as well as serious mental and physical damage to people who participated in preventive activities. This study provides preliminary data for designing safe and functional protective clothing and gear for individuals who participate in FMD preventive activities. This study was accomplished with multilateral methods such as a documentary survey, field trips, sample analysis of protective clothing and gear, questionnaire studies and focus interviews. As a result, we found that most workers wore low-priced protective clothing that was low in safety functions and rarely wore extra protective gear. Also pointed out was dissatisfaction with: protective clothing and gear, problems related to damage, discomfort, contamination, problems in protective gear related to waterproof functions, protection against harmful substances, discomfort, coldness, and damage. Safe protective clothing could be developed that protects the actual wearers if these results are reflected in the improvement of protective clothing and gear.

• 기술사
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2011

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagions disease of cloven-hoofed animals and occurs in many non-European countries, in particular in huge parts of Asia including Turkey, in most countries of Africa and in parts of South America. The extreme contagiousness of the disease requires comprehensive to control an outbreak, causing high economic losses. The outbreak of FMD, which affects livestock including cattle, swine,sheep,goats,deer and other animals as a highly communicable disease that affects. The agency issued a statement noting that FMD disease does not spread to humans. The disease and meat from infected animals are news reports that more than 3.400.000 livestock have been ordered slaughtered so far across the country.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

Three serotypes (O+A+Asia1 type) of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine were injected into cloven-hoofed animals in Korea after the nationwide spread of FMD at the end of 2010. This study was conducted to investigate FMD antibody development after FMD vaccination, and to determine whether there was a significant correlation between the antibody titer of the sow and the antibody titer of the growing pigs. The antibody titer (percentage inhibition [PI] titer) of the sow (gilt) after FMD vaccination was maintained at a level higher than 50 (P<0.05) for 5 months. A higher PI titer for the 1-month-old growing pigs corresponded with greater inhibition of the PI titer of the vaccinated growing pigs (P<0.05). A negative correlation (P<0.05) between the PI titer of the 1-month-old growing pigs and the PI titer of 3-month-old growing pigs, 4-month-old growing pigs after FMD vaccination at 2 months, 3months was identified, with a coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of 0.274. Thus the PI titer of the growing pigs was inhibited to a greater degree when vaccination was performed at 2 months of age than at 3 months. However, many other factors likely influence growing pigs' PI titer in addition to the PI titer of the sow and age at vaccination, given that the coefficient of determination was somewhat lower.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.267-279
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• 2020

Fig mosaic is a viral disease (FMD) that spreads in Palestinian common fig (Ficus carica L.) orchards. Recognizing the economic value of fig plants and the harmful nature of FMD, the disease poses a significant threat to the economy of the fig production in Palestine. We applied the reverse transcription and amplification (RT-PCR) and PCR technique to leaf samples of 77 trees and 14 seedlings of 17 fig cultivars. The samples were collected from orchards in the main fig-growing provinces of the Palestinian West Bank, to assess the prevalence of viruses associated with FMD, and confirm a possible link of symptoms with viruses detected. Four viruses were detected: Fig mosaic virus (FMV), Fig badnavirus-1 (FBV-1), Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2), and Fig fleck-associated virus (FFkaV). FMV and FBV-1 were found in all tested fig plants (100%), while FLMaV-2 and FFkaV were detected in 61.5% and 33% of the fig samples, respectively. The high incidence of FBV-1 in the newly propagated symptomatic and symptomless seedlings from different cultivars may be an indication that FBV-1 is integrated into the genome of the fig in a cultivar nondiscriminatory manner. Very weak or no association was detected between FMD symptoms severity in the 17 Palestinian fig cultivars with the various viruses' combinations observed (i.e., number of the viruses infecting the plant). These results support the notion that FMD symptom severity expression is likely to be controlled by a combination of FMV infection, cultivars, and environmental factors, rather than the number of viruses infecting the plant.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2013

The primary goal of this study was to compute sample sizes required to achieve the each aim of a variety of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) surveillance programs, using a statistically valid technique that takes the following factors into account: sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of diagnostic test system, desired minimum detectable prevalence, precision, population size, and desired power of the survey. In addition, sample sizes to detect FMD if the disease is present and also as proof of freedom were computed. The current FMD active surveillance programs consist of clinical, virological, and serological surveillance. For the 2012 serological surveillance, annual sample sizes (n = 265,065) are planned at four separate levels: statistical (n = 60,884) and targeted (n = 115,232) at breeding pig farms and slaughter house, in together with the detection of structural proteins (SP) antibodies against FMD (n = 88,949). Overall, the sample size was not designed taking the specific aims of each surveillance stream into account. The sample sizes for statistical surveillance, assuming stratified two-stage sampling technique, was based to detect at least one FMD-infected case in the general population. The resulting sample size can be used to obtain evidence of freedom from FMD infection, not for detecting animals that have antibodies against FMD virus non-structural proteins (NSP). Additionally, sample sizes for targeted surveillance were not aimed for the population at risk, and also without consideration of statistical point of view. To at least the author's knowledge, sampling plan for targeted, breeding pig farms and slaughter house is not necessary and need to be included in the part of statistical surveillance. Assuming design prevalence of 10% in an infinite population, a total of 29 animals are required to detect at least one positive with probability of 95%, using perfect diagnostic test system (Se = Sp = 100%). A total of 57,211 animals needed to be sampled to give 95% confidence of estimating SP prevalence of 80% at the individual animal-level with a precision of ${\pm}5%$, assuming 800 herds with an average 200 heads per farm, within-farm variance of 0.2, between-farm variance of 0.05, cost ratio of 100:1 of farm against animals. Furthermore, 779,736 animals were required to demonstrate FMD freedom, and the sample size can further be reduced depending on the parameters assumed.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2012

구제역은 우제류에 감염되는 제1종 가축전염병으로 2010년에 발병하여 우리나라에 많은 피해를 주었다. 구제역 발병초기에 효과적으로 대응이 이루어지지 않았기에 그 피해가 전국적으로 확산되었다. 이에 본 연구는 구제역 발생지역, 발병증상, 구제역 속보 등의 메뉴로 구성된 어플리케이션을 개발하여 축산농가가 스마트폰이나 태블릿 피시를 통해 축산 농장주들이 다운받아 사용할 수 있도록 하였다. 개발된 어플리케이션을 통해 농장주들이 구제역에 대한 정보를 언제, 어디서든 실시간으로 접할 수 있게 하였으며, 농장 지역 부근에서 구제역이 발생했을 경우 빠르고 신속하게 구제역 발병에 대응할 수 있게 되어 구제역의 확산 방지에 도움이 될 것으로 판단되었다.

• KAPE누리
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• 통권176호
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• pp.6-7
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• 2011

가축 재입식이 시 군의 점검결과에 따라 30일 이후에 입식이 가능해지면서 농가의 손이 바빠질 것으로 보인다. 이번에 수정된 재입식 절차는 가축방역관의 지적상항을 보완하고 문제점이 해결되어야만 재입식이 가능하다. 본고에서는 FMD 매몰 농장 재입식 절차와 청소 소독 요령에 대해 언급하도록 한다.

• 사료
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• 통권57호
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• pp.7-27
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• 2012

지난 2010년 11월 28일 경북 안동에서 시작된 FMD는 2011년 초여름 까지 전라도와 제주도를 제외한 전국으로 확산되면서 축산 사료산업은 물론 관련 산업에까지 엄청난 피해를 가져왔으며, 지금도 그 후유증이 가시지 않은 상태에 있다. 이에 정부에서는 FMD가 소강상태로 접어들기 시작한 지난해 5월부터 고강도의 각종 방역대책을 내놓고 추진중에 있다. 이에 따라 본지는 그동안 정부가 내놓은 가축전염병 방역대책들과 사료업체의 방역관리 시스템에 대해 알아보고자 한다.