• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.7-12
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• 2019

[Purpose] Eccentric exercise induces a decrease in vascular endothelial function. Curcumin, a major component of turmeric, has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that are associated with vascular protective effects. The present study examined the effect of acute supplementation of curcumin on eccentric exercise-induced endothelial dysfunction in healthy young men. [Methods] Fourteen healthy sedentary young men (range, 21-29 years) were assigned to either the curcumin (n = 6) or placebo (n = 8) group. All subjects consumed either curcumin or placebo before exercise, and eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors was performed with their nondominant arm. Before and 60 min after exercise, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), as an indicator of endothelial function, was measured in the non-exercised arm. [Results] Brachial artery FMD significantly decreased following eccentric exercise (p < 0.05) in the placebo group, but acute supplementation with curcumin before exercise nullified this change. The change in FMD before and after eccentric exercise between the placebo and curcumin groups was significantly different (p < 0.05). [Conclusion] The present study found that acute curcumin supplementation could attenuate the decrease in endothelial function, as measured by FMD, following eccentric exercise in healthy young men.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2009

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is the most contagious disease of mammals. The use of inactivated vaccine can be chosen to prevent or control FMD. However, vaccination against one serotype of FMDV doses not cross-protect against other serotypes and may not protect fully against some strains of the same serotype. Appropriate selection of vaccine strain is an important element in the control of FMD. The immunity of vaccine antigens should be matched against newly circulating viruses. The phylogenetic analysis of serotype Asia1 reported from China, Mongolia, North Korea and Russia since 2005 shows that they are all classified into genetic group V, but the strain, Asia1/Shamir (ISR/89) which have been used as a vaccine strain in Korea, is clustered into different genetic group. So, in this study the serological relationship between the isolate (Asia1/MOG/05; MOG) and the Shamir strain was determined by ELISA and virus neutralization test. Even though the matching value of the virus (MOG) against the vaccinated sera in target animals was not so high, the vaccinated animals elicited antibodies enough for protection after vaccinated once or twice. Conclusively, we suggest that the vaccine containing Asia1/Shamir antigen could protect the genetic group V strains circulating in East Asia currently if vaccinated twice or the more.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.209-219
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• 2013

Epidemiological models on disease spread attempt to simulate disease transmission and associated control processes and such models contribute to greater understanding of disease spatial diffusion through of individual's contacts. The objective of this study is to develop an agent-based modeling(ABM) approach that integrates geographic information systems(GIS) to simulate the spread of FMD in spatial environment. This model considered three elements: population, time and space, and assumed that the disease would be transmitted between farms via vehicle along the roads. The model is implemented using FMD outbreak data in Andong city of South Korea in 2010 as a case study. In the model, FMD is described with the mathematical model of transmission probability, the distance of the two individuals, latent period, and other parameters. The results show that the GIS-agent based model designed for this study can be easily customized to study the spread dynamics of FMD by adjusting the disease parameters. In addition, the proposed model is used to measure the effectiveness of different control strategies to intervene the FMD spread.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2017

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is highly infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, particularly problematic in cattle, sheep, pigs and goats for economic reasons. Last FMD outbreak in February, 2017 caused tremendous social and economical impacts. The Korean FMD policy aims to vaccinate intact animals and euthanize and bury infected animals to prevent the disease spread. However, there was a problem that the buried livestock did not decompose after several years. Therefore, the study was purposed to investigate the effect of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Bacillus licheniformis on the degradation of buried cow carcasses and on the soil condition; such as temperature, decomposition course of carcasses, composition of amino acids in the soil around carcasses, and plant root elongation to measure soil conditions. As a result, the composition of amino acids in the soil treated with C. glutamicum and B. licheniformis was generally higher than those in the untreated soil. Plant roots in soil treated with C. glutamicum and B. licheniformis grew longer than in non-treated soil. The results suggested that the toxic effect on a grave land buried with FMD infected livestock is reduced when treated with C. glutamicum and B. licheniformis in regard of odor reduction, promoted decaying process, and soil fertilization.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.223-231
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• 2005

A quantitative risk assessment tool was used to provide estimates of the probability that foot-and-mouth (FMD) virus-contaminated, smuggled animal products are fed to susceptible swine in Korea. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to attempt to distinguish between parameter uncertainty and variability, using different assumptions on the effect of cooking at home, the effect of the fresh meat, and the effect of heat treatment at garbage processing facility. The median risk estimate was about 20.1% with a mean value of 27.4%. In a scenario regarding all beef and pork were considered as fresh meat the estimated median risk was 3.4%. The risk was greatly dependent on the survival parameters of the FMD virus during the cooking or heat treatment at garbage processing facility. Uncertainty about the proportion of garbage that is likely contaminated with FMD had a major positive influence on the risk, whereas conversion rate representing the size of a load had a major negative effect. This model was very useful in assessing the risk explored. However, the model also requires enhancements, such as the availability of more accurate data to verify the various assumptions considered such as FMD prevalence in a specific country, proportion of garbage which is recycled as feed, proportion of food discarded as garbage. Other factors including the effect of selection of animals for slaughter, ante- and post-mortem inspection, the domestic distribution of the smuggled products, and susceptible animals other than pigs, are need to be taken into account in the future model development.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.565-573
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• 2017

The ex-post evaluation of governmental crisis management is an important issues since it is necessary to prepare for the future disasters and becomes the cornerstone of our success as well. In this paper, we propose a data cube model with data mining techniques for the analysis of governmental crisis management strategies and ripple effects of foot-and-mouth(FMD) disease using the online news articles. Based on the construction of the data cube model, a multidimensional FMD analysis is performed using on line analytical processing operations (OLAP) to assess the temporal perspectives of the spread of the disease with varying levels of abstraction. Furthermore, the proposed analysis model provides useful information that generates the causal relationship between crisis response actions and its social ripple effects of FMD outbreaks by applying association rule mining. We confirmed the feasibility and applicability of the proposed FMD analysis model by implementing and applying an analysis system to FMD outbreaks from July 2010 to December 2011 in South Korea.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.772-778
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• 2011

In order to estimate the densities and composition of floating marine debris (FMD), a sighting survey was conducted from July 1st to July 14th, 2009 in the East China Sea (ECS) using a training vessel "Kaya (1,737 ton)" of Pukyong National University. The sampled zones are divided into 5 transects by observation day during the survey days and the densities and composition in each transect were calculated using the numbers of item per $km^2$. The results of distribution of FMD are as follows: 1. During the surveys, a large variety of FMD was discovered and highest densities were found in the Central East(CE) of the East China Sea(ECS) (48.2 items/$km^2$), whereas densities in the less populated transects in Okinawa(OK1, OK2) were comparatively low(3.5 ~ 4.9 items//$km^2$). 2. Among the classified 6 items, styrofoams(Styro) were most abundant and ubiquitous(10.3 items/$km^2$, 53% of the total number), except OK2 area. Next abundant item was vinyl and plastics called V & P(4.9 items/$km^2$, 25%). Above 2 items of the major proportion of FMD accounted for 78% of the total number of FMD observed through this study. 3. The percentages of manufactured plastics(Styro and V & P) found in the Seas near Korean Peninsula were varied from 87.2% to 69.8%. It was recognized that polluted level is middle value among them.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2000

The strength and regulatory characteristics of the heat-inducible HSA1, HSA2 and TPS1 promoters were compared with those of the well-established, carbon source-regulated FMD promoter in a Hansenula polymorpha-based host system in vivo. In addition, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived ADH1 promoter was analysed. While ADH1 promoter showed to be of poor activity in the foreign host, the strength of the heat shock TPS1 promoter was found to exceed that of the FMD promoter, which at present is considered to be the strongest promoter for driving heterologous gene expression in H. polymorpha.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.278-285
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• 2016

Epidemiological studies have shown the association between transportation of live animals and the potential transmission of infectious disease between premises. This finding was also observed in the 2014-2015 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in Korea. Furthermore, slaughterhouses played a key role in the global spread of the FMD virus during the epidemic. In this context, in-depth knowledge of the structure of direct and indirect contact between slaughterhouses is paramount for understanding the dynamics of FMD transmission. But the social network structure of vehicle movements to slaughterhouses in Korea remains unclear. Hence, the aim of this study was to configure a social network topology of vehicle movements between slaughterhouses for a better understanding of how they are potentially connected, and to explore whether FMD outbreaks can be explained by the network properties constructed in the study. We created five monthly directed networks based on the frequency and chronology of on- and off-slaughterhouse vehicle movements. For the monthly network, a node represented a slaughterhouse, and an edge (or link) denoted vehicle movement between two slaughterhouses. Movement data were retrieved from the national Korean Animal Health Integrated System (KAHIS) database, which tracks the routes of individual vehicle movements using a global positioning system (GPS). Electronic registration of livestock movements has been a mandatory requirement since 2013 to ensure traceability of such movements. For each of the five studied networks, the network structures were characterized by small-world properties, with a short mean distance, a high clustering coefficient, and a short diameter. In addition, a strongly connected component was observed in each of the created networks, and this giant component included 94.4% to 100% of all network nodes. The characteristic hub-and-spoke type of structure was not identified. Such a structural vulnerability in the network suggests that once an infectious disease (such as FMD) is introduced in a random slaughterhouse within the cohesive component, it can spread to every other slaughterhouse in the component. From an epidemiological perspective, for disease management, empirically derived small-world networks could inform decision-makers on the higher potential for a large FMD epidemic within the livestock industry, and could provide insights into the rapid-transmission dynamics of the disease across long distances, despite a standstill of animal movements during the epidemic, given a single incursion of infection in any slaughterhouse in the country.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2019

There have been a total tenth FMD outbreaks in Korea and for the first time, type O and A were detected simultaneously in 2017, which led to difficulties in FMD control. For the effective prevention of FMD, the importance of discrimination of serotypes became greater. Therefore, the most urgent requirement in case of FMD outbreak is differential diagnosis of serotypes. In this study, we developed a PNA probe-mediated multiplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay using the peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe, which is known to be stable to nucleotide mutation and that could specifically detect the all FMDV serotype A, FMDVA Yeoncheon strain which was occurred in Korea in 2017, and FMDV A viruses shown 96% similarity with FMDVA/Yeoncheon strain, at the same time. Therefore, It is believed that the newly introduced FMDVA will be effectively diagnosed using the PNA probe multiplex RT-PCR developed in this study, and ultimately contribute to the prevention of FMD.