• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2023

The samples used in this study were collected on two occasions (April 21 and May 16, 2021) from Liobagrus mediadiposalis and spawned egg masses located under rocks in Daeseocheon, Yeongdeok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do. Fertilized eggs ranged in size from 3.30~3.92 (average 3.57±0.19) mm (n=30), and it took 152~155 hours to hatch at water temperatures of between 17.0 and 20.0℃. Newly hatched larvae immediately post-hatching had a total length of 6.43~6.67 (6.55±0.07) mm (n=30), and were characterized by the retention of a yolk sac and an incompletely open mouth and anus, consistent with the yolk. On the 9 days post-hatching, the postflexion larvae had grown to length of between 11.0~13.8 (12.3±0.70) mm (n=30), and the caudal bone at the tip of the tail was bent upwards at an angle of 45°, thereby indicating the transition to the late larval growth stage. On the 16 days post-hatching, the total length of juvenile had increased to between 15.8~18.2 (16.8±0.77) mm (n=30), and the number of fins reached a fixed number of 8 dorsal, 17 anal, and 8 pelvic fins. On the basis of the findings of this study, we were able to confirm differences in the size of hatching larvae and fin mottle patterns in the early life history of related species.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.94-100
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• 2024

During ichthyoplankton survey in the southwestern sea of Korea, we collected six individuals of noodlefish larvae and juveniles between April and May 2023. They were identified as Neosalanx anderssoni by mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I or 16S ribosomal RNA sequences, and their external morphological traits were described for the first time. All six individuals have a slender and elongated body. When preflexion and flexion larval stages (10.24 mm notochord length, NL and 15.47 mm total length, TL, respectively), oval-shaped black melanophores were distributed in a row along the ventral side of the gut. However, when postflexion larval and juvenile stages (23.58~25.90 mm TL, and 29.20~31.26 mm TL, respectively), melanophores on the ventral side of the gut were disappeared, and dark spot-shaped melanophores appeared along the dorsal side of the gut in a single row. Also, from the postflexion larval stage (23.58 mm TL), two large black spots began to appear symmetrically on the caudal fin. Our results suggest that N. anderssoni may use coastal area as spawning and/or nursery ground unlike previous study (Kim and Park, 2002).

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2024

This study investigated the early life history of Hemibarbus labeo from in Wicheon, stream Nakdonggang-River, and compared their characteristics with closely related species. In April 2021, egg formation and development of autonomous fish were observed in fertilized eggs collected at four spawning sites. The size of the fertilized egg was 1.93~2.39 (average 2.22±0.15, n=30) mm. The water temperature was 22.2~24.1°C, and the hatching time took 109~115 hours. Newly after hatching, the total length of the yolk-sac larvae was 7.50~8.80 (average 7.99±0.46) mm, and the mouth and anus did not develop and had difficulty in being yolk. 6 days after hatching, the preflexion larvae were fed with a total length of 9.49~10.2 (9.78±0.23, n=30) mm. 10 days after hatching, the flexion larvae was 9.97~11.9 (10.7±0.72, n=30) mm in total length, and the tail of the vertebrae began to bend. 20 days after hatching, the postflexion larvae was 12.6~15.2 (13.9±0.77, n=30) mm in total length, and the tailbone was completely bent to 45°. 29 days after hatching, the total length of the juvenile was 16.9~19.8 (18.1±0.91, n=30) mm, and the number of fins reached an integer with 10 dorsal fins, 9 anal fins, and 7 ventral fins. The distribution of melanophore, such as the head, the center of the body, and the upper part of the fin, was different from that of the allied species during the postflexion larvae period, so the morphological characteristics could be distinguished.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.209-219
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• 2024

A survey was conducted in 2011 to investigate the reproductive ecology and spawning behavior of the natural monumental and endangered species, Cobitis choii. C. choii exhibits sexual dimorphism with the development of lamina circularis on the second pectoral fin ray in males at one year old, facilitating easy differentiation between males and females. A total of 1,288 females and 881 males were collected from January to December, resulting in a sex ratio of 1 : 0.68. The spawning season was estimated to be from late June to early July (spawning peak from late June, with water temperatures ranging from 22 to 25℃), coinciding with a sharp decrease in the condition index. Gonadal maturity was observed with maturity indices of 17.5±2.11% for females and 2.9±0.46% for males, with fecundity of 2,444±838 eggs and egg size of 0.75±0.05 mm. Spawning behavior was induced by hormone injection (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, HCG) in laboratory conditions. Experimental results revealed that males and females paired in a 1 : 1 ratio before spawning. Males pressed the abdomen of females using their lamina circularis to induce spawning, followed by immediate fertilization. Spawning behavior was repeated 15 to 25 (average 20) times per pair of males and females, and 80 to 120 eggs were spawned per time, and the total amount of spawned eggs were 2,500±250 on average.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.220-229
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• 2024

This study investigated the early life history of Rhinogobius giurinus in the Botongcheon stream and compared the differences with related species. The fertilized egg size (long×short) of the 3.46×1.17 mm (n=30) on average. The time required for hatching at the water temperature of 22.5±1℃ was 213 hours and 30 mins. Immediately after hatching, the egg yolk had an average total length of 2.34±0.05 mm (n=30), and the mouth and anus were not opened, and the number of myotomes was 23~25. 3 days after hatching (DAH), the preflexion larvae had an average total length of 2.70±0.09 mm (n=30), and live food intake began as the mouth and anus were opened. 22 DAH, the flexion larvae had an average total length of 5.26±0.16 mm (n=30), and the tip of the vertebrae began to bend upward. 48 DAH, the postflexion larvae had an average total length of 11.1±0.53 mm (n=30), and the tip of the vertebrae was completely bent 45° upward. 60 DAH the juveniles had an average total length of 14.9±0.69 mm (n=30) was reached to the integer with 6 first dorsal fins, 8~10 second dorsal fins, 9 anal fins, 15 caudal fins, and 5 ventral fins for each fin. As a result of the study, the melanophore differed from other postflexion larvae of the Gobiidae fishes in that it was deposited above the gill lid, on the back and body, and the xanthophore was deposited on the head and body.

• 한국프랑스학논집
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• v.103
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• pp.37-61
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• 2018

Le dandy indique d'abord un homme qui place l'importance particulière dans son apparence physique et puis dans son attitude sophistiquée. Le dandysme est développé en France comme un véritable courant artistique pour quelques littéraires comme Barbey d'Aurevilly et Charles Baudelaire. On peut voir dans son apogée une certaine aliénation et distorsion, et cela rappelle le maniérisme, un style artistique émergé dans le début du XVIème siècle. Le maniérisme, apparu vers l'année 1520 en Europe et duré environ jusqu'à l'année 1580, est un style unique dans le cadre artistique. Il met d'accord avec de différentes approches infulencées par l'harmonie idéale développée grâce aux artistes comme Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, et Michelangelo au premier stade. Il a l'air avoir non seulement le caractère de Renaissance dans le terme de la beauté idéale mais aussi celui de l'anti-Renaissance dans le terme de la proportion emphatique, le balance étrange et l'élégance asymétrique et artificielle. Ce qui est intéressant ici, c'est que le dandysme défini et élevé comme un esthétique qui va à la religion dans ses dernières années nous montre lui aussi une rupture maniériste dans son style, une sorte de fente dans sa forme parfaite. En fait, le dandysme et le maniérisme sont tous les deux notables pour leur sophistication intellectuelle et leurs qualités artificielles, ce que l'on peut considérer comme une valeur qui s'appelle 'avant-garde'. Il y a évedemment une similarité entre les maniéristes qui aiment la tension de composition plutôt que le balance et la clarté de la peinture de la Renassance et les dandys qui sont isolés de leur société et créent donc leur propre style, exagéré et déformé. De ce fait, on peut dir que le dandysme est un style artistique très compliqué cultivé par les artistes à la fois avec l'attitude de défi et avec l'esprit décadent. Et c'est le courant artistique qui a encouragé les artistes de déformer la virtuosité de la technique face à la fin du siècle comme le maniérisme l'avait fait devant les greands- maîtres du siècle. Il s'agit pour tous les deux styles artistiques d'avoir la distinction qui puisse les faire exploiter un nouveau territoire. En conclusion, si on considère le dandysme comme le goût élégant mais excessif dans les habits, cette affirmation est à la fois correcte et incorrecte. On peut l'accepter parce que le dandy est le symbol de la supériorité aristocratique dans l'élégance matérielle et sprituelle en même temps. Mais elle cause aussi la controverse car il existe même dans l'excès du dandy une idée de la beauté dans sa propre personnalité, ce qui est par excellence intellectuel et avant-gardiste, autrement dit, 'maniériste'.

• 한국프랑스학논집
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• v.107
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• pp.1-25
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• 2019

Cette étude a pour but d'analyser la symétrie des œuvres littéraires de Samuel Beckett autour de son roman Murphy (1938) et de sa pièce de théâtre En attendant Godot (1952). Selon Katharine Wort, « tout est symétrique et tend ô arriver en double » dans la structure d'En attendant Godot. En effet, la symétrie est omniprésente dans l'univers littéraire de Beckett non seulement sur le plan des structures textuelles mais aussi sur le plan du langage et du comportement des personnages. Beckett a dit : « si vous voulez trouver les origines d'En attendant Godot, regardez Murphy. » Murphy est un personnage éponyme qui « se sentait fendu en deux, d'un côté un corps, de l'autre côté un esprit ». Étant donné que Murphy a reçu de l'influence du philosophe « post-cartésien » Arnold Geulincx, on vise d'abord ô trouver des implications de sa théorie occasionnaliste et ensuite ô vérifier la relation entre la structure symétrique du texte et sa philosophie. Enfin autour d'En attendant Godot, on vise ô confirmer des effets engendrés par la symétrie des deux actes et du mime des deux protagonistes Estragon et Vladimir en recourant ô leurs chapeaux. Beckett a mis dans sa tragicomédie des magnifiques scènes symétriques qui créent un effet grotesque. La symétrie du texte beckettien commence par le dédoublement entre le corps et l'esprit (Murphy) ou entre l'ego et l'alter ego (Estragon et Vladimir). Et elle représente d'un côté le cycle, la répétition, l'éternité et de l'autre côté le système fermé, la stagnation de la situation et du temps. Elle reflète donc la conscience du monde de Beckett. Dans le roman Murphy, il y a un jeu d'échec entre Murphy et M. Endon, un « petit gaga » de la Maison Madeleine de Miséricorde Mentale (M.M.M.M). M. Endon qui s'était replié sur lui-même a joué aux échecs pour obtenir sans relâche une position symétrique. Murphy n'a pu être perçu par M. Endon. Et Murphy qui imitait dans un premier temps les symétries successives de M. Endon a fini par abandonner la partie d'échecs, après avoir réalisé l'impossible imitation des coups de son adversaire : il concrétise l'axiome de Geulincx ubi nihil vales ibi nihil velis ("wherein you have no power, therein neither should you will" traduit par Beckett). Beckett était adepte du jeu d'échecs et l'échec est un de ses motifs répétitifs pour représenter l'existence limitée de l'homme. De plus Beckett considérait la scène comme un échiquier. En résultat, la symétrie du texte beckettien montre sa poétique de « form is content, content is form » et puis dans l'univers littéraire de Beckett qui écrivait en français et traduisait en anglais lui-même ou ô l'inverse jusqu'ô la fin de sa vie, incarne le mouvement « keep ! for end » que Beckett a écrit comme une sorte de testament au-dessus de son autographe du poème anglais what is the word (1989).

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 1999

This study was conducted to observe the early life history of sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus. The fertilized eggs were spherical in shape and turned out to be separative and floated. Their membrane and yolk having 1~5 oil globule were transparent. Fertilized eggs were measured to be 1.33~1.46 mm in diameter. Hatching of eggs were started at 74 hrs 15 mins, 54 hrs 55 mins, 50 hrs 45 mins, after fertilization in water temperature $16.0^{\circ}C$, $18.0^{\circ}C$, $20.0^{\circ}C$ respectively. The newly hatching larvae were 3.79~3.97 mm in total length with 35~37 myomeres, and mouth and anus were closed. Melanophores were distributed on the up side of head, upper jaw and margins of the body. The 5 days after hatching larvae measured 4.78~5.24 mm in total length, yolk were completely absorbed, and transformed to postlarval stage. In this time, mouth of larvae was opened, and also melanophores were presented on the lower jaw. Head of larvae grew remarkably. The 21~22 days after hatching, total length of the larvae was 7.15~8.12 mm, the caudal fin rays began to differentiation. In 31 days after hatching, the larva were 8.46~9.16 mm in total length, and tip of the caudal notochord flexed $45^{\circ}$. The larvae reached to the juvenile stage with all the fins were developed at 61 days after hatching and attained 16.28~17.31 mm in total length.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.429-455
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• 2002

There are numerous kind of materials and techniques to regenerate the periodontal tissue which has been lost due to destructive periodontal disease, including bone graft material. Many bone graft materials have been reported and among these materials, synthetic material has been developed fin the long time because of its sufficient supply economically. Calcium sulfate which was evaluated as including much calcium, has been used in the clinical field. In the dental field calcium sulfate has been used as bone graft material and Kim reported that improved bone formation and more amount of new attachment after grafting calcium sulfate. but, because calcium sulfate has the problem that it generates the heat in setting period and resolves fast, we need to evaluate the effect of the improved calcium sulfate on periodontal tissue. The present study evaluates the effect of paste type calcium sulfate on the epithelial migration, alveolar bone regeneration, cementum formation and gingival connective tissue attachment in intrabony defect in dogs. Four millimeter deep and four millimeter wide 3-wall defects were surgically created in the mesial or distal aspects of premolars or molars. the test group received paste-type calcium sulfate with a flap procedure and the control group underwent flap procedure only. Histologic analysis after 8 weeks of healing revealed the following results : 1. The length of epithelial growth(the distance from CEJ to the apical end of JE) was 0.52${\pm}$0.26mm in the control and 0.56${\pm}$0.25mm in the test group. there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 2. The length of connective tissue adhesion was 1.74${\pm}$1.06mm in the control and 1.28${\pm}$0.57mm in the test group. there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 3. The length of new bone was 2.01${\pm}$0.95mm in the control and 2.62${\pm}$0.81mm in the test group. there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 4. The length of new cementum was 1.86${\pm}$0.80mm in the control and 2.77${\pm}$ 0.86mm in the test group. there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups.(P<0.01) These results suggest that the use of paste type calcium sulfate in 3-wall intrabony defects has significant effect on new cementum formation , but doesn't have any significant effect on the prevention of junctional epithelium migration and new bone formation. Finally, the paste type calcium sulfate that is used in this study is suggested to be the material that can have a significant effect on the periodontal healing, if its biocompatibility is improved.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2007

In order to monitor the developmental features of embryos, larvae, and juveniles of Konoshiro Gizzard Shad Konosirus punctatus, the fertilized eggs were gotton using artificial insemination. Konosirus punctatus were caught in Mankyung-myeon, Kimjae, Jeollabuk-do at June of 2004, and experiments were carried out in Ichthyology laboratory in Chonnam National University. Konosirus punctatus spawned draft egg from March to June. The fertilized eggs were cultured in $19.0{\sim}23.0^{\circ}C$(mean, $21.2^{\circ}C)$. The eggs had spherical shape and the diameter is $1.14{\sim}1.34\;mm$(mean, 1.21 mm). The lens began to appear from 35 hr 53 min after fertilization. At the moment, the movement of larvae was more active, and the tail was separated completely from yolk, the heart had forms, and melanophore appeared. Hatching was observed from 37 hr 10 min after fertilization. The total length of the hatched larvae was $4.26{\sim}5.30\;mm$(mean, 4.96 mm), but the mouth and anus were not opened at the time when the larva had yolk sack, and had $22{\sim}27$ myometium, and the anus located just abdominal front of the tail fin, and melanophore accumulated in the eye. Post-larvae used yolk completely after 2 day of hatching, and the total length was $4.96{\sim}5.74\;mm$(mean, 5.24 mm). From 16 days after hatching, the tail had curved tail end, and appeared the stems for pectoral, dorsal, and caudal fins. At 53 days after hatching, the total length of post-larvae was $27.11{\sim}34.09\;mm$(mean, 30.11 mm), and the frontal part of head developed like an adult one. At this time, fins and body are transferred to those of adult Konosirus punctatus. Fishes have a different shape and location of melanophore even in the same family. This research was tried to elucidate the early developmental features of Konosirus punctatus, together with species-specific pattern of melanophore.