• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2022

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) refers to a set of procedures aimed at altering the features of a masculine face to achieve a more feminine appearance. In the second part of this two-part series, assessment and operations involving the midface, mandible, and chin, as well as soft tissue modification of the nasolabial complex and chondrolaryngoplasty, are discussed. Finally, we provide a review of the literature on patient-reported outcomes in this population following FFS and suggest a path forward to optimize care for FFS patients.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.500-506
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• 2022

This study evaluated the consistency between two quantitative fit test devices with different methods of ambient aerosol counting. Three types of respirators (N95, half mask, and full facepiece) were worn by 50 participants (male, n = 25; female, n = 25), PortaCount (Pro+ 8038) and MT (05U) were connected to one probe to one mask, and fit factors (FFs) were measured simultaneously with the original and modified protocols. As a result of comparing MT FFs with PortaCount FFs as references and by applying for the pass/fail criteria (FF = 100), the consistency between the two devices for half masks and full facepieces was very high. N95 was somewhat weaker than the two type of respirators in the consistency; however, the correlation between the two devices was very strong (p < 0.0001). The results showed that an FF of 100 as measured by PortaCount was likely to be measured as 75 by the MT. Therefore, when performing the fit test for N95 using the MT and pass level of FF 100, a certain level of adjustment is necessary, whether end-user or putting a scaling factor by manufacturer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.587-594
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• 1995

In order to estimate the nutritive value of roasted full-fat soybean (FFS) in carp diet, growth performance and excretion of protein and phosphorus were examined using carps having mean body weight of 111 g. Growth trial was conducted for 4 weeks using the fishes fed 5 diets (Control, $F_{24}S_{13}$, $F_{16}S_{27}$, $F_8S_{40}$ and $F_0S_{56}$) containing 32%, 24%, 16%, 8% and 0% of fish meal (F) and 0%, 13%, 27%, 40% and 56% of full-fat soybean, respectively. A total of 800 fishes were allotted randomly by groups of 40 to 5 treatments with 4 replicates per treatment. Fishes were fed to station eight times daily. Feeding trial was conducted for 4 weeks. As dietary FFS increased from 0% to 56%, weight gain of fish decreased from 91 g to 39 g and feed conversion ratio increased from 1.06 to 1.95. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) was highest (2.35) in control group which had the highest protein intake, while PER significantly decreased with decrease in protein intake as dietary FFS level increased. Although dietary protein and energy levels were maintained constant, protein excretion per kg weight gain varied from 273 g to 579 g for the groups control and $F_0S_{56}$, respectively. However, the value for control group was not significantly different to those for the groups $F_{24}S_{13}$ and $F_{16}S_{27}$. On the other hand, the highest protein retention efficiency was found in group fed the diet $F_{24}S_{13}$. Fish fed the diet $F_8S_{40}$ excreted the lowest phosphorus (P) based on kg weight gain showing the highest P retention efficiency of 62%. P excretion per kg feed intake was in the range of 5 g to 10 g for the groups $F_8S_{40}$ and $F_{24}S_{13}$, respectively. The present results indicated that as dietary FFS level increased, growth performance and feed utilization decreased while excretion of protein and phosphorus increased. Therefore, it was concluded that more than 25% substitution by FFS for fish meal could exert negative effects on growth and feed utilization of carp.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.7-11
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• 2005

This paper investgates the transflective liquid crystal displays (LCDs) associated with fringe-field switching (FFS) mode to achieve high image quality. In the past, several cell structures were used to fabricate transflective FFS LCDs. Their structures and characteristics are carefully examined to find their merits and demerits. In addition, we attempt to optimize cell parameters to achieve a single driving circuit.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.162-162
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• 2009

Optical bounce which occurs by over twist of the liquid crystal (LC) director has a problem of response time in fringe-field switching (FFS) modes. After removing the electric field, effective birefringence ($d{\Delta}n_{eff}$) at the edge of pixel electrode meets the $\lambda/2$ phase instantly, since tilt angle of LC directors at that position suddenly decreases compared to twist angle. In this paper, based on the careful analysis, origin of optical bounce has been explained.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.163-163
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• 2009

Viewing angle controllable liquid crystal display (LCD) associated with fringe-field switching (FFS) mode with high image quality is proposed. In the device, one pixel is composed of main and sub pixels, in which adjacent sub pixel is patterned with pixel electrodes direction orthogonal to the adjacent one. In this way, light leakage can be generated in the all viewing angle directions except the normal direction, realizing view angle controllable LCD in both horizontal and vertical directions.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1266-1269
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• 2004

This study focuses on the color characteristics of FFS (Fringe Field Switching). We use various methods to prove the high performance of color characteristics in the Fringe Field Switching mode. We have described a color performance of 15" XGA product by the viewing angle range using x, y parameters of CIE chromaticity diagram. And so we used the 2 dimensional analyzing to prove the color shift distribution by viewing angle.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.694-698
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 우리나라 5대강 유역에 대한 홍수예경보시스템의 홍수추적방법으로 이용되고 있는 물리적인 모형인 저류함수법의 한계점을 극복하고, 영산강 유역의 본류를 대표하는 나주지점과 황룡강 유역을 대표하는 선암지점에 대하여 유역의 수문학적 구조를 나타내지 않는 인공신경망 이론을 이용하여 강우-유출 과정의 비선형 모형을 개발하였다. 또한, 신속한 홍수유출량 예측과 예측 결과에 따른 현장 적용이 가능하도록 CS(Client-Server) 기반에서 인공신경망에 대한 원시코드(source code)를 GUI(Graphical User Interface)화하여 홍수예측시스템(Flood Forecasting System : FFS)을 개발하였다. 본 연구결과 나주지점에서는 Model II의 ANN_NJ_9 모형이 선암지점에서는 Model III의 ANN_SA_9 모형이 강우-유출 특성을 가장 잘 반영하였다. 또한, 본 연구에서 개발한 GUI_FFS에 대하여 기 확보된 2004년도 강우 및 유출량 적용한 결과 0.98이상의 $R^2$값을 보임으로서 향후 수자원 및 하천계획 수립과 그에 따른 운영 및 관리에 효율성을 더할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.311-318
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• 2004

We have studied electro-optic characteristics as a function of pretilt angle ($\theta$$_{p}$) in the fringe-field switching (FFS) mode using the LC with positive dielectric anisotropy. When $\theta$$_{p}$ is increased from 0$^{\circ}$ to 20$^{\circ}$, a maximum transmittance and an operating voltage are obviously decreased. In the viewing angle characteristics, the cell with low pretilt angle has a wide region for the contrast ratio greater than 5 and has a best luminance uniformity. Therefore, in the FFS device, a low pretilt angle is favored for high transmittance and wide viewing angle.gle.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.780-783
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• 2006

In this paper, we confirmed the yellowish gravity-mura phenomenon in Fringe-Field Switching (FFS) mode using 2-D simulation. As the cell gap increases, while the LC efficiency of blue wavelength remains almost same, that of red and green wavelength increases continuously. As a result, yellowish phenomenon occurs.