• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.517-523
• /
• 1993

This study was designed to observe the efforts of the feeding Platycodon grandiflorum, Codonopsis ianceolata, perilla oil and safflower oil on the improvement of the lipids in the serum and liver of dietary hypercholes-terolemic rats. Experimental groups mixed with 5% cellulose+10% lard (group 1, control group), 2% cholestyramine＋10% lard (group 2), 5% C. Ianceolata+10％ perilla oil (group3). 5％ P. grandiflorum＋10% perilla oil(group 4), 5% C. ianceolata+10% safflower oil(group 5) and 5% P. grandiflorum＋10% safflower oil (group 6) were administered to the male rats of the Sprague Dawley for 3 weeks. Concentrations of total cholesterol in serum were significantly lower in the all experimental groups (2~6 groups) than in the control group, and particularly, the lowest in the group 2 and 6. Concentrations of HDL-cholesterol in serum were remarkably higher in the groups 2 and 4. The ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol was the highest in the group 2. Atherosclerotic index was lower in the groups 2, 4 and 6. Concentrations of LDL, phospholipid and triglyceride in serum were remarkably lower in the all experimental groups than in the control group, and particularly, lower in the groups 2, 4 and 6. Concentrations of free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester in serum were significantly lower in the all experimental groups than in the control group, and particularly, the lowest in the group 2. Concentrations of glucose in blood were the lowest in the group 2. And groups 3 and 5 were slgnificantly lower. Contents of total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver were significantly lower in the all experimental groups than in the control group, and particularlyr the lowest in the groups 2 and 3. Phospholipid content was showed little differenre among groups but the lowest in the group 2. From the above research, the feeding 5% Platycodon grandiflorum＋10% perilla oil and 5% Platycodon grandiflorum＋10% safflower oil were effective on the improvement of the lipid compositions in serum and liver.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.199-206
• /
• 2005

Estuary islets should be managed systematically because they are important places for birds to rest and breed. This paper investigates the environmental properties of islets where the sand banks are located from east to west on the southernmost of Nakdong estuary during a year (September 2003 $\sim$ August 2004). The research showed that 59 species and 19,148 individuals were found in the area A (Jangja Shinja-Do) and 61 species and 28,394 individuals in the area B (Saja-Do; Beakhapdeung Doyodeung). Totally, 74 species and 47,539 individuals were observed in both of this estuary. Shorebirds are the most observed species in both areas. In area, most of individuals were especially observed in the spring when Shorebirds migrate northward for breeding. In B area, various species were also observed in the fall when they migrate southward for wintering. Therefore, many groups of birds are observed around Shinja-Do in the spring. They passed the winter in Doyodueng, associated with feeding in the main stream of Nakdong river mainly. Although the southernmost sand bar is the breeding place to access to outside without interception, invasion by human beings and predators (mice, weasels and etc.) gives a fatal blow for birds to breed or rest. The reed which is a tall herbaceous plant is flourished according to the process of ecological succession. Therefore, the sand bar becomes a land. It results in reduction of habitats and breeding grounds for birds. In conclusion, these areas where birds can use the islets as habits and breeding places must be preserved by restraining luxuriance of reeds and systematic management of human beings and predators is necessary.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.279-288
• /
• 2003

Objectives : Evidence for an effect of rerroductive factors on colorectal carcinogenesis is not yet consistent. Little research has been conducted to investigate whether reproductive factors were associated with colorectal adenomas that are the precursors of colorecta1 cancer, We evaluated the relationships between reproductive factors and the degree of dysplasia of the colorectal adenoma and cancer as colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Methods : For this study, 241 adenoma cases with histopathologically confirmed incident colorectal adenoma, 76 cancer cases with colorectal cancer and 1677 controls were collected from Our Lady of Mercy Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, during 1994-1999. Before colonoscopy, information on demographic characteristics, reproductive factors, life style habits and dietary intake were obtained by interviewed questionnaire. Adjusted OR and 95% CI were estimated by using polytomous logistic regression model, Potential confounders that were selected based on the goodness of fit Statistics and interaction between risk factors were considered in this adjustment. The Wald statistic was calculated to test the heterogeneity of the odds ratios for each case. Results .: Postmenopausal women with natural menopause were found to be positively associated with the risk of mild dysplasia adenoma (multivariate-adjusted OR : 2.59, 95% CI=1.1-0.2). Parity was found to be negatively associated with the risk of colorectal lancer (age-adjusted OR : 0.40, 95% CI=0.2-0.9), but did not significantly decrease the risk of colorectal cancer (multivariate-adjusted OR : 0.95, 95% CI=0.3-2.9). Me associations were seen between a9e at menarche, breast feeding, induced abortion, oral contraceptive use, menopausal types, menopausal age or hormone replacement therapy (HRT and the degree of dysplasia of the colorectal adenoma and cancer. However, none of these associations differed' significantly between the degree of dysplasia of the colorectal adenoma and cancer. Conclusions : These findings suggest that postmenopausal women with natural menopause may experience increased risk of mild dysplasia adenorna among colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.421-430
• /
• 2000

The regional distribution and relative frequency of the pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-immunoreactive cells in the pancreas of the Korean native goat (Capra hircus) were studied by immunohistochemical methods (PAP methods) using specific antisera against to PP during developmental stage, fetus, neonate, 1-month-old, 6-month-old and adult. The different regional distribution and relative frequency of PP-immunoreactive cells in the pancreas of Korean native goat were observed during development. In the exocrine portions, they were detected in the all ages and distributed in the interacinar regions. PP-immunoreactive cells were increased from neonate to 1-month-old but thereafter decreased with developmental stage. In the pancreatic duct, PP-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated from 1-month-old but they were decreased with developmental stages in these regions. These cells were observed in the subepithelial connective tissue of the pancreatic duct with a few frequencies in 1-and 6-month-old. However, they were located in the interepithelial cells of the pancreatic duct in the adult with rare frequency. In the endocrine portion (pancreatic islets), PP-immunoreactive cells were observed from neonate, and the regional distribution of PP-immunoreactive cells from 1-month-old was divided into two patterns : dispersed 1) in the marginal regions of the pancreatic islets with moderate or a few frequencies, and 2) in the whole pancreatic islets (in a case of 1-month-old) or in the central cores (in a case of 6-month-old and adult) with numerous frequency. In conclusion, the different regional distribution and relative frequency of PP-immunoreactive cells in the pancreas of the Korean native goat were observed during development. It is suggested that the changing of feeding habits and physiological conditions during different developmental stages may cause these differences.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.423-432
• /
• 2008

The local migration or movement behavior of fishes in streams are related to feeding, spawning, growing, dispersing, and refuging. The pale chub (Zacco platypus) is a dominant species that migrates locally and inhabits in river and stream in Korea. However, dams, weirs, culverts and other regulatory structures are physical barriers that limit fish movement and fragment habits and populations. If main stream and off-channel habitats are connected with culverts, they would restrict the small fish as pale chub movement due to the high flow velocities and low depths. But in Korea, there is no experimental study to evaluate the swimming performance of species in Korea. Therefore, it is difficult to proposed that design guidelines for pass fishes through culverts. The purpose of this experimental study is to evaluate the swimming performance of pale chubs. A series of swimming performance test has been used in both of the fixed velocity and the incremental velocity methods in an experimental flume. As a result, the critical swimming speed for pale chub(body length 8.9 cm) was found to be about 0.7 m/s. Therefore, the flow velocity for culvert design in the low flow condition should not be exceed the its swimming ability, especially 0.7 m/s for pale chubs(body length 8.9 cm). And the minimum depth for culvert design in the low flow condition should not be lower than the fish body height add a dorsal fin height.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.588-598
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to assess needs of educational mobile application (App) development for nutritional management and information on pregnant women. A total of 105 pregnant women were investigated on general characteristics, dietary habits, health behavior and needs for contents and composition of the application. The mean age of the subjects was 31.9 years and the mean gestation period was 25.4 weeks. The rate of skipping meal was 39.0% and the rate of irregular meal time was 46.6%. The consciousness of the meal as balanced nutrition and health was 19.9%. Eating out at least forth a week was 35.3%. Obtaining information about pregnancy and childbirth were internet (35.3%), hospital or health center (19.9%), books (17.1%), experience (15.2%), mobile (8.6%) and friends or acquaintances (4.8%). If the application is developed, subject replied 'frequently use' (51.4%), 'when needed' (47.6%) respectively. The favour topic in developing application were 'nutrition information of pregnant and fetal' (36.2%), 'weight management, feeding' (33.3%), 'food choice and cooking' (21.9%), 'shopping' (5.7%), 'example of menu' (1.9%), 'effect of smoking, drinking, exercising' (1.0%). The favorite content was 'include sufficient amount about information' (44.8%). Depending on the age and education level, the best age for pregnancy group have significantly higher ability for utilize and information gathering than old age pregnant group. Also the best age for pregnancy group have high demands of design, convenience and various contents in App development. Therefore, mobile application (App) for pregnant women could be widely used as an effective dietary guide.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.247-256
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of non-nutritive sucking in preschool children in Daejeon. This study assessed the relationship between contributing factors influencing the prevalence of non-nutritive sucking. Also, the effects of non-nutritive sucking on the primary dentition were investigated. The study included 841 children 18~65 months of age that visited a pediatric private dental clinic for oral examination. Both children and their guardians were surveyed. It was found that 32.8% of children exhibited non-nutritive sucking, and 37.7% of females displayed this behavior. The number of females showing this behavior was significantly greater than that of males. The prevalence decreased significantly with the breast-feeding period, and there was no association with either birth rank or maternal occupation. Finger sucking (62.6%) was more prevalent and of longer duration than pacifier sucking (37.4%). Malocclusion of the primary dentition was associated with the duration of this behavior.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.343-349
• /
• 2010

The golden apple snail was introduced to the Korea from Japan as a potential food for people in 1983. It is one of the pests of direct-seeded rice in korea. This study was conducted to investigate rice(Oriza sativa) consumption and the extent of damage by the golden apple snail(Pomacea canaliculata) in direct-sown paddy fields. Food consumption of the golden apple snail was highest at $30^{\circ}C$. When the emergence of the 1st, 3rd, and 5th leave of rice supplied food, the consumption of young(shell height 15mm) and adult golden apple snail(over shell height 30mm) at $30^{\circ}C$ were 19.0/79.8, 11.0/54.5, 5.5/18.5, and 0.0/2.0 individuals, respectively. Young rice seedings(before 5th leaves of rice) are very susceptible to golden apple snail damage because the young, tender leaves and stems favor the snail's feeding habits. The field experiment with four treatments (0, 2, 5 and 10 individuals respectively per 10 $m^2$) was carried out. The most serious yield loss was 16% from the plot with 10 adults released at emergency stage of rice.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2023

This study applied a metagenomic analysis of the penguins' gut microbiome from fecal samples of Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) and Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) living along the Ross Sea, Antarctica. As a result of taxonomic analysis, 7 phyla and 18 families were mainly present in the gut microbiome of Adélie and Emperor penguins. To assess microbial diversity, we performed alpha diversity and OTU abundance analyses. It was confirmed that the Adélie Penguin's gut microbial species had a higher diversity than Emperor Penguin's. Based on the Beta diversity analysis using PCoA, differences were observed in the clustering between Adélie and Emperor penguins, respectively. Through the KEGG pathway analysis using PICRUSt, the nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthesis pathway was the most prevalent in Adélie and Emperor penguins. This study enabled a comparison and analysis of the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome in Adélie and Emperor Penguins. It could be utilized for future research related to penguin feeding habits and could serve as a foundation for analyzing the gut microbiomes of various other Antarctic organisms.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.36-43
• /
• 2016

Wild glass eels found in the Korean peninsula are thought to migrate along the North Equatorial Current and undergo the processes of spawning and incubation in the Mariana Trench. Juveniles of the wild glass eels are collected from the southern and western coasts of the Korean peninsula and used as seeds for aquaculture. To investigate the feeding behavior of wild glass eels, we collected glass eels from the Nakdong River estuary during March and April 2014 and analyzed the total length, wet weight, dry weight, carbon and nitrogen contents, and stable isotope ratio of eels as well as water temperature and salinity. Water temperature in the Nakdong River estuary was $13.2{\pm}1.0$ (mean ${\pm}$ 1SE; range, $10.1{\sim}15.7)^{\circ}C$ and salinity was $24.8{\pm}2.4$ (13.2~34.0), showed a lower range from 13.2 to 30.0 (a mean of 21.2) when the floodgates were opened. The total length of glass eels was $56.5{\pm}0.2$ (51.0~63.6) mm, wet weight was $70.9{\pm}1.4$ (33.6~133.2) mg, and dry weight was $16.5{\pm}0.3$ (10.1~29.1) mg. Carbon and nitrogen contents of glass eels were $51.0{\pm}0.8%$ and $13.9{\pm}0.1%$, respectively. Mean ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of glass eels collected from the Nakdong River estuary were -20.9±0.2‰ and 6.1±0.1‰, displaying similar values to those of leptocephalus, glass eel larvae collected from the North Equatorial Current. Therefore, this result suggest that the glass eels collected from the Nakdong River estuary do not feed on prey after metamorphosis from eel larvae to glass eels their migration.