Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7850/jkso.2016.21.1.36

Feeding Habits of the Glass Eel Anguilla japonica Determined by C and N Stable Isotopes in the Nakdong River Estuary of the Korean Peninsula  

KIM, JEONG BAE (National Institute of Fisheries Science)
LEE, WON-CHAN (National Institute of Fisheries Science)
KIM, HYUNG CHUL (National Institute of Fisheries Science)
HONG, SOKJIN (National Institute of Fisheries Science)
PARK, KYEONG DONG (Institute of Fisheries Resources Ecology)
Publication Information
The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY / v.21, no.1, 2016 , pp. 36-43 More about this Journal
Abstract
Wild glass eels found in the Korean peninsula are thought to migrate along the North Equatorial Current and undergo the processes of spawning and incubation in the Mariana Trench. Juveniles of the wild glass eels are collected from the southern and western coasts of the Korean peninsula and used as seeds for aquaculture. To investigate the feeding behavior of wild glass eels, we collected glass eels from the Nakdong River estuary during March and April 2014 and analyzed the total length, wet weight, dry weight, carbon and nitrogen contents, and stable isotope ratio of eels as well as water temperature and salinity. Water temperature in the Nakdong River estuary was $13.2{\pm}1.0$ (mean ${\pm}$ 1SE; range, $10.1{\sim}15.7)^{\circ}C$ and salinity was $24.8{\pm}2.4$ (13.2~34.0), showed a lower range from 13.2 to 30.0 (a mean of 21.2) when the floodgates were opened. The total length of glass eels was $56.5{\pm}0.2$ (51.0~63.6) mm, wet weight was $70.9{\pm}1.4$ (33.6~133.2) mg, and dry weight was $16.5{\pm}0.3$ (10.1~29.1) mg. Carbon and nitrogen contents of glass eels were $51.0{\pm}0.8%$ and $13.9{\pm}0.1%$, respectively. Mean ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of glass eels collected from the Nakdong River estuary were -20.9±0.2‰ and 6.1±0.1‰, displaying similar values to those of leptocephalus, glass eel larvae collected from the North Equatorial Current. Therefore, this result suggest that the glass eels collected from the Nakdong River estuary do not feed on prey after metamorphosis from eel larvae to glass eels their migration.
Keywords
Glass eel; Anguilla japonica; Food web; Stable isotopes; Nakdong River estuary;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Abe, T., S. Ijiri, S. Adachi and K. Yamauchi, 2010. Development of an in vitro culture system for producing eel larvae from immature ovarian follicles in Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. Fish. Sci., 76: 257-265.   DOI
2 Bardonnet, A. and P. Riera, 2005. Feeding of glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) in the course of their estuarine migration: New insights from stable isotope analysis. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 63: 201-209.   DOI
3 Bureau du Colombier, S., P. Lambert and A. Bardonnet, 2008. Is feeding behaviour related to glass eel propensity to migrate? Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 80: 323-329.   DOI
4 Choi, J.Y., 1993. Seasonal variations of suspended matters in the Keum Estuary and its adjacent coastal area. J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 28: 272-280.
5 Chow, S., H. Kurogi, S. Katayama, D. Ambe, M. Okazaki, T. Watanabe, T. Ichikawa, M. Kodama, J. Aoyama, A. Shinoda, S. Watanabe, K. Tsukamoto, S. Miyazaki, S. Kimura, Y. Yamada, K Nomura, H. Tanaka, Y. Kazeto, K. Hata, T. Handa, A. Tawa and N. Mochioka, 2010. Japanese eel Anguilla japonica do not assimilate nutrition during the oceanic spawning migration: evidence from stable isotope analysis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 402: 233-238.   DOI
6 Choy, E.J., S. An and C.-K. Kang, 2008. Pathways of organic matter through food webs of diverse habitats in the regulated Nakdong River estuary (Korea). Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 78: 215-226.   DOI
7 DeNiro, M.J. and S. Epstein, 1978. Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 42: 495-506.   DOI
8 DeNiro, M.J. and S. Epstein, 1981. Influence of diet on the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 45: 341-351.   DOI
9 Hwang, S.D., T.W. Lee, I.S. Choi and S.W. Hwang, 2014. Environmental factors affecting the daily catch levels of Anguilla japonica glass eels in the Geum River estuary, South Korea. J. Coastal Res., 30: 954-960.
10 Kiljunen, M., J. Grey, T. Sinisalo, C. Harrod, H. Immonen and R.I. Jones, 2006. Arevised model for lipid-normalizing ${\delta}^{13}C$ values from aquatic organisms, with implications for isotope mixing models. J. Appl. Ecol., 43: 1213-1222.   DOI
11 Miller M.J., Y. Chikaraishi, N.O. Ogawa, Y. Yamada, K. Tsukamoto and N. Ohkouchi, 2012. A low trophic position of Japanese eel larvae indicates feeding on marine snow. Biol. Lett. Doi: 10.1098/rsbl. 2012. 08. 26, Published online 7 Novermber.   DOI
12 Kim, J.B., W.-C. Lee, D.-J. Kim, K.B. Seong, H.-G. Choi, W.-J. Choi, H.B. Hwang, S. Hong, H.C. Kim, S.-E. Park, J.H. Shim and C.-K. Kang, 2013. Food habits of the glass eel Anguilla japonica in the west coast estuaries of Korean peninsula determined by using C and N stable isotopes. "The Sea" J. Kor. Soc. Oceanogr., 18(4): 206-213.
13 Kim, K.H., 2010. Isotope geochemistry. Sigmapress, Seoul, 401 pp.
14 Miller, M.J., T. Otake, J. Aoyama, S. Wouthuyzen, S. Suharti, H.Y. Sugeha and K. Tsukamoto, 2011. Observations of gut contents of leptocephali in the North Equatorial Current and Tomini Bay, Indonesia. Coasta. Mar. Sci., 35: 277-288.
15 Minagawa, M. and E. Wada, 1984. Stepwise enrichment of $^{15}N$ along food chain: Further evidence and the relation between ${\delta}^{15}N$ and animal age. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 48: 1135-1140.   DOI
16 Miyazzki, S., H.-Y. Kim, K. Zenimote, T. Kitagawa, M.J. Miller and S. Kimura, 2011. Stable isotope analysis of two species of anguilliform leptocephali (Anguilla japonica and Ariosoma major) relative to their feeding depth in the North Equatorial Current region. Mar. Biol., 158: 2555-2564.   DOI
17 Mochioka, N. and M. Iwamizu, 1996. Diet of anguilloid larvae: leptocephali feed selectively on larvacean houses and fecal pellets. Mar. Biol., 125: 447-452.
18 Mochioka, N., 2003. Leptocephali. In: Eel biology, edited by Aida, K., K. Tsukamoto and K. Yamauchi, Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, pp. 51-60.
19 NFRDI, 2012. Development of Rearing Technique in Eel, Anguilla japonica. 2011 Report of National Fisheries Research & Development Institute., 53 pp.
20 Moon, H.T., 2002. The early life history of eel Anguilla japonica determined by otolith microstructure and catch data of glass eels. Ph.D. Thesis, Chungnam University, Taejon, 111 pp.
21 Okamura, A., Y. Yamada, N. Horie, T. Utoh, N. Mikawa, S. Tanaka and K. Tsukamoto, 2007. Effects of water temperature on early development of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. Fisheries Science, 73: 1241-1248.
22 Otake T., K. Nogami and K. Maruyama, 1993. Dissolved and particulate organic matter as possible food sources for eel leptocephali. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 92: 27-34.   DOI
23 Post, D.M., 2002. Using stable isotopes to estimate trophic position: models, methods, and assumptions. Ecology, 83: 703-718.   DOI
24 Rau, G.H., A.J. Mearns, D.R. Young, R.J. Olson, H.A. Schafer and I.R. Kaplan, 1983. Animal $^{13}C/^{12}C$ correlates with trophic level in pelagic food webs. Ecology, 64: 1314-1318   DOI
25 Shinoda, A., J. Aoyama, M.J. Miller, T. Otake, N. Mochioka, S. Watanabe, Y. Minegishi, M. Kuroki, T. Yoshinaga, K. Yokouchi, N. Fukuda, R. Sudo, S. Hagihara, K. Zenimoto, Y. Suzuki, M. Oya, T. Inagaki, S. Kimura, A. Fukui, T.W. Lee and K. Tsukamoto, 2011. Evaluation of the larval distribution and migration of the Japanese eel in the western North Pacific. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries, 21: 591-611.   DOI
26 Tanaka, H., H. Kagawa, H. Ohta, T. Unuma and K. Momura, 2003. The first production of glass eel in captivity: fish reproductive physiology facilitates great progress in aquaculture. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 28: 493-497.   DOI
27 Tsukamoto, K., 2006. Spawning of eels near a seamount. Nature, 439: 929.   DOI
28 Yoo, S.K., 1994. Introduction to Aquaculture. Kudukpress, Busan, pp. 114-116.
29 Yu, O.K., S.-G. Paik, H.-G. Lee, C.-K. Kang, D.-S. Kim, J.-H. Lee and W.S. Kim, 2008. A preliminary study of the effect of pelagic organisms on the macrobenthic community in the adjacent East Sea and Korea strait. Ocean and Polar Res., 30: 303-312.   DOI