• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 1995

These works were designed to examine the effects of dietary fiber sources and levels on lipid metabolism in rats fed high lard diet. Rats were divided into three($\alpha$-cellulose, polydextrose, carrageenan) groups and were fed with containing 6% fiber diet. Serum, liver and fecal lipid contents were examined after four weeks of dieting. Also, in order to investigate whether hypocholesterolemic effect of dietary fiber at 4 weeks is continued at 8 weeks, rats were fed with diets containing same sources with different levels of each dietary fiber and were sacrificed after eight weeks of dieting. Serum cholesterol in rats fed carrageenan diet and polydextrose diet were reduced compared with $\alpha$-cellulose-fed group at both four and eight weeks dieting. Liver cholesterol in both polydextrose-fed and carrageenan-fed group were lower than $\alpha$-cellulose-fed group. Fecal total group were increased compared with $\alpha$-cellulose-fed group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between polydextrose-fed and carrageenan-fed group. On the basis of the results, it was suggested that the hypocholesterolemic effect of soluble fiber used in this study (polydextrose, carageenan) on rats was due to the inhibition of cholesterol absorption on the intestinal lumen and acceleration of cholesterol catabolism in the liver and enhancement of bile acids excretion. On the other hand, insoluble fiber($\alpha$-cellulose) showed no hypo-cholesterolemic effect.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 2009

The effects of different feeding regimes on the compensatory growth of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. Seven treatments with triplicates of different feeding regimes were conducted, as follows: (1) fed twice a day 6 days a week for 8 weeks; (2) starved for 1 week, then fed twice a day 6 days a week for 3 weeks; (3) starved for 2 weeks, then fed twice a day 6 days a week for 6 weeks; (4) starved for 5 days, then fed twice a day for 9 days; (5) starved for 10 days, then fed twice a day for 18 days; (6) starved for 2 days, then fed twice a day for 5 days, starved for another 3 days, and fed twice a day 4 days; and (7) starved for 4 days, then fed twice a day for 10 days, starved for another 6 days, and fed twice a day for 8 days. Forty fish averaging 12.5 g, were hand-fed to satiation according to the designated feeding schedule. Fish from the control group gained more weight than those from any other group. Feeding efficiency did not vary among treatments. In summary, olive flounder subjected to fasting with different feeding regimes did not fully compensate growth compared to fish fed for 8 weeks without fasting. In addition, the less that fasted groups were subsequently fed, the lower their compensatory growth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.509-515
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• 2016

Twenty Ardi lactating goats were used to investigate the effect of substituting 10%, 15%, and 20% of concentrate feed with date pits on milk production, composition, and blood parameters. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous dietary treatments were used. Four levels (0% [control], 10%, 15%, and 20%) of date pits were used to replace concentrate feed. The forages to concentrate ratio used was 60 to 40. Dry matter intake (DMI) of goats fed diets containing 10% and 15% date pits was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those fed diets containing 0% and 20%. However, goats fed a diet containing 20% date pits were significantly (p<0.05) lower in DMI compared to those fed control diet. The protein percent was significantly higher for goats fed control diet compared to the other dietary treatments. Total solids percent was significantly the lowest for goats fed diet supplemented with 10% date pits. Goats fed a diet containing 20% date pits was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the total protein compared to those fed a diet containing 10%. In addition, goats fed a diet containing 15% date pits exhibited no significant differences in the total protein percent compared to those fed a diet containing 20% date pits. Triglyceride was significantly higher for goats fed diets containing 10% and 20% date pits compared to those fed 15% date pits. Results obtained in the present study suggest that date pits can be added up to 20% of the concentrate feeds into lactating Ardi goat diets without negative effects on their productive performance.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2001

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of adding phytase on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. Three barrow pigs averaging 28.5$\pm$3.1kg of body weight were allotted to three treatments by 3$\times$3 latin square. Treatments included 1) com-soybean meal based-control diet and 2) and 3) control diet with phytase 500 and 1,000 unit. There were no effects of treatments on dry matter and nitrogen digestibility (P〉0.05). Ash, Ca and P digestibility in pigs fed diet with phytase were greater than those in pigs fed control diet(P〈0.05). An increased phosphorus intake was observed from pigs fed diet with treatments compared to that from pigs fed control diet. Pigs fed diet with adding phytase had improved P absorption compared to pigs fed control diet(P〈0.05). There was no significantly effect on fecal and urine excretion(P〈0.05). Ca intake was increased for pigs fed adding phytase compared to pigs fed control diet. No evident effect was observed on Ca fecal excretion among dietary treatments, however, urine excretion of pigs fed diet with treatments was decreased compared to pigs fed control diet. Cystine, isoleucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine digestibility of amino acid were greater for pigs fed diet with treatments than those for pigs fed control diet(P〈0.05). Asparagine, threonine, serine, methionine and leucine digestibility were improved for pigs fed with phytase 500 unit compared to pigs fed control diet. Lysine, histidine, arginine and other animo acids digestibility were higher for pigs fed diet with phytase than control diet, but there were no significant effects by the treatments(P〉0.05). In conclusion, the results of the experiments suggest that phytase supplementation in the diets could be a very beneficial strategy in environmental aspects.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.70-78
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• 2001

We have developed a novel driving system of 5' true color FED using voltage controlled PWM method which has current control effect. The proposed method has the advantage of voltage controlled pulse width modulation method and current control method. Also, we propose a new circuit model of FED subpixel for circuit simulation of FED driving circuits, considering some parasitic effects, i.e., cross talk, line coupling effect and leakage current to the adjacent cathode lines. Output stage of the data driving circuit is optimized using the proposed circuit model. In video data processing, FED controller uses the parallel processing of R.G.B input data, so duty ratio is maximized and brightness of FED increases. With this results, no noise and high quality performance is achieved in display of 5' true color FED.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 2000

The first 9-inch carbon nanotube based color field emission displays (FEDs) are integrated using a paste squeeze technique. The panel is composed of 576 x 242 lines with implementation of low voltage phosphors. The uniform and moving images are achieved only at $2V/{\mu}m$, This demonstrates a turning point of nanotube for large area and full color applications.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2001

The effects of Cordyceps militaris on the weight gain, the food intake, the food efficient ratio, and the lipid concentrations of serum, liver, pancreas, heart and aorta in male rats fed cholesterol diet were studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were received 4 types of diets for 4 weeks, respectively : a normal diet(without cholesterol), a control diet(hypercholesterolemic diet), a hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with 3% fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris(CF), a hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with 3% mycelium of Cordyceps militaris(CM). The body weight gain of rats fed the control diet were significantly increased compared to those of the rats fed diets with CF or CM. But, the hepatic and pancreatic weights of rats fed diets with CF or CM were heavier than those of rats fed the normal diet. In serum of rats fed the CM diet, the concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and the atherogenic index were significantly lower than those of rats fed the control diet. Also, serum HDL-cholesterol concentration and HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio were significantly lower in rats fed the control, CF or CM diets than those in rats fed the normal diet. Whereas, the hepatic concentrations of the total lipid, the total cholesterol and the triglyceride were significantly higher in rats fed 3 hypercholesterolemic diets than those in the rats fed normal diet. The heart and pancreatic concentrations of total cholesterol were the highest in the rats fed diet with the CR among rats fed experimental diets. In conclusion, the CM feeding decreased the concentrations of the cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol and the atherogenic index in the serum of the rats. But the CF or CM feeding could not decrease the hepatic concentrations of the total lipid, cholesterol, triglyceride in the rats fed hypercholesterolemic diets. (Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 265∼270, 2001)

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.227-233
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of the feeding of dietary citrus byproducts on the physicochemical properties and palatability of Hanwoo rump (HR). The samples for experimental samples consisted of the HR not fed without citrus byproducts pulp (CBP-0) and the HR rump fed with citrus byproducts pulp during the fattening period (CBP-1). The control (CBP-0) HR rump was fed by general practical feeding (roughages and concentrates were fed separately), while the CBP-1 was fed in the same manners as CBP-0 until 17 months but with citrus byproducts then fed fer the next 10 months. There were no significant differences in the $L^*$ (tightness), $a^*$ (redness) and $b^*$ (yellowness) of the HR between the CBP-0 and CBP-1 fed groups. There were no significant differences in the pH, VBN content and EDA between the samples, but the TBARS value of the CBP-1 fed group was lower than that of the CBP-0 fed group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the water holding capacity, freezing loss, thawing loss, boiling and roasting logs between the CBP-0 and CBP-1 fed groups. There were no significant differences in the hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness and shear force between the samples, but the springiness of the CBP-1 fed group was higher than that of the CBP-0 fed group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the sensory scores for the roasted beef between the CBP-0 and CBP-1 fed groups. There were no significant differences in the taste, flavor, juiciness and palatability of roasted beef the between samples, but the tenderness of the CBP-1 fed group was superior to that of the CBP-0 fed group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.894-898
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• 1994

To evaluate an effect of dietary protein on the liver damage, the bromobenzene was intraperitoneally injected to the rats fed a low or high protein diet and then the liver weight per body weight and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were determined to demonstrate the differences in liver damage between the groups fed low or high protein diet. Hepatic aniline hydroxylase (AH), glutthione (GSH) content and glutathione s-transferase(GST) activity were also determined to clarify causes of liver damage between the two groups. Increases of liver weight per body weight and serum ALT activities were higher in brombenzene treated rats fed low protein diet than those fed high protein diet. The increasing rate of hepatic AH activity was higher in bromobenzne-treated rats fed low protein diet than that in those fed high protein diet. Furthermore , hepatic glutathione contents and GST activities in bromobenzene-treated rats were higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet. In case of control group, the heaptic glutathione content and GST activity were also higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.192-196
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• 1999

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of feeding egg yolk prepared from quail fed winged bean oil on plasma and liver cholesterol and fatty acids composition in rats. Eggs were collected from laying quails that had been fed diets containing 5% of either animal tallow, soybean oil, corn oil or winged bean oil. Yolk powders (referred to as winged bean yolk, soybean yolk, etc.) were prepared and fed at the 15% level to weanling female Wistar rats for 28 days. Rats fed winged bean yolk had significantly lower body weight gain than did rats fed soybean yolk or animal tallow yolk. There are no significant effects on plasma total cholesterol, liver cholesterol and triglyceride concentration due to feeding yolk powder containing different oil. However, LDL-cholesterol increased and HDL-cholesterol decreased in rats fed winged bean yolk. Liver lipid of rats fed with winged bean yolk had a higher linoleic but a lower linolenic content than did those fed animal tallow yolk. However, rats fed with winged bean yolk had a lower linoleic content than did rats fed soybean yolk or corn yolk. In conclusion, winged bean yolk seemed to have had an adverse effect on rats.