• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2021

A suite of 3D large deformation finite element (FE) analyses was performed to investigate the load transfer mechanism and penetration resistance of spudcan foundations in heterogeneous soil profile consisting of sand and clay. The Elasto-Plastic models following Mohr-Coulomb and Tresca failure criteria were adopted for sand and clay, respectively. The accuracy of the numerical model was validated against centrifuge test measurements. The dense sand behavior with dilation is modeled using the non-associated flow rule. An investigation study consisting of key parameters, which includes variation in soil stratigraphy (sand-clay, sand-clay-sand), strength parameters of sand and clay (��' and su) and normalized height ratio of the sand layer (Hs/D) was conducted to assess the penetration behavior of spudcan. Based on calculated outputs, it was demonstrated that these parameters have a significant influence on the penetration resistance of spudcan. The calculated penetration resistance profiles are compared with the published (sand overlying clay) analytical model. It is confirmed that for the case of two-layer soil, the available theoretical model provides an accurate estimate of peak penetration resistance (qpeak). In the case of three-layer soil, the presence of a third stiff layer affects the penetration resistance profile due to the squeezing of the soil.

• International journal of steel structures
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1483-1496
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• 2018

Negligible research has been conducted to date on how to analyse weakened columns, thus safety risks are still involved when structures are weakened prior to demolition. There are various methods available for demolishing steel structures. One of the most effective methods that has been developed involves pre-cutting steel columns at a certain height, so that the least effort can be used to collapse the structure by means of pulling out some of the columns. This paper presents (a) an experimental setup developed to test the capacity of axially loaded weakened columns, which is used to (b) validate a finite element (FE) model. The two pre-cuts that are presented in this paper are (1) the double window cut and (2) the triangular window cut, which are both commonly used in industry. A column weakened with a double window cut or triangular window cut reduces the axial load capacity by up to 50 and 40%, respectively. The FE models developed predict the axial failure load of weakened columns for a double window cut and triangular window cut are generally within an accuracy of less than 8 and 10%, respectively. It is shown at higher slendernesses the influence of column cuts is less than would be intuitively expected because global buckling becomes dominant.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.617-635
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• 2021

This paper numerically investigated the behavior of built-up square concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns under combined preload and axial compression. The finite element (FE) models of target columns were verified in terms of failure mode, axial load-deformation curve and ultimate strength. A full-range analysis on the axial load-deformation response as well as the interaction behavior was conducted to reveal the composite mechanism. The parametric study was performed to investigate the influences of material strengths and geometric sizes. Subsequently, influence of construction preload on the full-range behavior and confinement effect was investigated. Numerical results indicate that the axial load-deformation curve can be divided into four working stages where the contact pressure of curling rib arc gradually disappears as the steel tube buckles; increasing width-to-thickness (B/t) ratio can enhance the strength enhancement index (e.g., an increment of 1.88% from B/t=40 to B/t=100), though ultimate strength and ductility are decreased; stiffener length and lip inclination angle display a slight influence on strength enhancement index and ductility; construction preload can degrade the plastic deformation capacity and postpone the origin appearance of contact pressure, thus making a decrease of 14.81%~27.23% in ductility. Finally, a revised equation for determining strain εscy corresponding to ultimate strength was proposed to evaluate the plastic deformation capacity of built-up square CFST columns.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-112
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• 2023

The Finite Element (FE) modeling of Reinforced Concrete (RC) under seismic loading has a sensitive impact in terms of getting good contribution compared to experimental results. Several idealized model types for simulating the nonlinear response have been developed based on the plasticity distribution alone the model. The Continuum Models are the most used category of modeling, to understand the seismic behavior of structural elements in terms of their components, cracking patterns, hysteretic response, and failure mechanisms. However, the material modeling, contact and nonlinear analysis strategy are highly complex due to the joint operation of concrete and steel. This paper presents a numerical simulation of a chosen RC column under monotonic and cyclic loading using the FE Abaqus, to assessthe hysteretic response and failure mechanisms in the RC columns, where the perfect bonding option is used for the contact between concrete and steel. While results of the numerical study under cyclic loading compared to experimental tests might be unsuccessful due to the lack of bond-slip modeling. The monotonic loading shows a good estimation of the envelope response and deformation components. In addition, this work further demonstrates the advantage and efficiency of the damage distributions since the obtained damage distributions fit the expected results.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.643-658
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• 2024

To date, shell-solid and fibre element model analysis are the most commonly used methods to investigate the seismic performance of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) bridge piers. However, most existing research does not consider the loss of bearing capacity caused by the fracture of the outer steel tube. To fill this knowledge gap, a refined finite element (FE) model considering the ductile damage of steel tubes and the behaviour of infilled concrete with cracks is established and verified against experimental results of unidirectional, bidirectional cyclic loading tests and pseudo-dynamic loading tests. In addition, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the seismic performance of CFST bridge piers with different concrete strength, steel strength, axial compression ratio, slenderness ratio and infilled concrete height using the proposed model. The validation shows that the proposed refined FE model can effectively simulate the residual displacement of CFST bridge piers subjected to highintensity earthquakes. The parametric analysis indicates that CFST piers hold sufficient strength reserves and sound deformation capacity and, thus, possess excellent application prospects for bridge construction in high-intensity areas.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2017

Gold mineralization of Samjeong and Yongjang gold mines in Uichang area shows characteristics of Bonanza-type gold deposits. Ores are mainly developed along the contact parts between quartz vein and arkosic sandstone beds(Fe-rich bed) in sedimentary rock. Electrum, silver sulfide and sulfate minerals are mainly in the ores. On the other hand, gold mineralization is less developed in cherty rock and andesitic rock than arkosic sandstone. The study highlights characteristics of gold precipitation in the deposit on the basis of numerical modelling of the reactions between the assumed hydrothermal ore fluids with multicomponent heterogeneous equilibrium calculations. Aqueous species, gases and minerals, containing electrum are included in the calculations. The reaction result between hydrothermal ore fluids and arkosic sandstone show that pH increasing in the ore-forming fluid would trigger precipitation of quartz, chlorite, sericite, chalcopyrite, galena, pyrite, electrum, actinolite and feldspar. The numerical modelling also illustrates the drastic increase of pH and desulfidation lead to precipitation of electrum. Ag/Au ratios in the ore vary with pH conditions and subsequently precipitation of silver-bearing sulfides such as acanthite and polybasite. The modelling of the reaction between andesitic rock and ore-forming fluid shows that mineral assemblages of the case are analogous to ones of the reaction between arkosic sandstone and fluid except the latter has little portion of electrum. The abovementioned modelling results suggest that gold-silver mineralization is bounded by host rocks at the study area.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.233-267
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• 2018

Conventional seismic design of concentrically braced frame (CBF) structures suggests that the gusset plate connecting a steel brace to beams and/or columns should be designed as non-dissipative in earthquakes, while the steel brace members should be designed as dissipative elements. These design intentions lead to thicker and larger gusset plates in design on one hand and a potentially under-rated contribution of gusset plates in design, on the other hand. In contrast, research has shown that compact and thinner gusset plates designed in accordance with the elliptical clearance method rather than the conventional standard linear clearance method can enhance system ductility and energy dissipation capacity in concentrically braced steel frames. In order to assess the two design methods, six cyclic push-over tests on full scale models of concentric braced steel frame structures were conducted. Furthermore, a 3D finite element (FE) shell model, incorporating state-of-the-art tools and techniques in numerical simulation, was developed that successfully replicates the response of gusset plate and bracing members under fully reversed cyclic axial loading. Direct measurements from strain gauges applied to the physical models were used primarily to validate FE models, while comparisons of hysteresis load-displacement loops from physical and numerical models were used to highlight the overall performance of the FE models. The study shows the two design methods attain structural response as per the design intentions; however, the elliptical clearance method has a superiority over the standard linear method as a fact of improving detailing of the gusset plates, enhancing resisting capacity and improving deformability of a CBF structure. Considerations were proposed for improvement of guidelines for detailing gusset plates and bracing members in CBF structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.127-140
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• 2010

This paper focuses on a number of criteria that enable controlling the influence of geometric simplification on the quality of finite element (FE) computations. To perform the mechanical simulation of a component, the corresponding geometric model typically needs to be simplified in accordance with hypotheses adopted regarding the component's mechanical behaviour. The method presented herein serves to compute an a posteriori indicator for the purpose of estimating the significance of each feature removal. This method can be used as part of an adaptive process of geometric simplification. If a shape detail removed during the shape simplification process proves to be influential on mechanical behaviour, the particular detail can then be reinserted into the simplified model, thus making it possible to readapt the initial simulation model. The fields of application for such a method are: static problems involving linear elastic behaviour, and linear thermal problems with stationary conduction.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.517-539
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• 2010

This paper presents the axial compressive behaviour of stub concrete-filled columns with elliptical stainless steel and carbon steel hollow sections. The finite element method developed via ABAQUS/Standard solver was used to carry out the simulations. The accuracy of the FE modelling and the proposed confined concrete stress-strain model were verified against experimental results. A parametric study on stub concrete-filled columns with various elliptical hollow sections made with stainless steel and carbon steel was conducted. The comparisons and analyses presented in this paper outline the effect of hollow sectional configurations to the axial compressive behaviour of elliptical concrete-filled steel tubular columns, especially the merits of using stainless steel hollow sections is highlighted.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.241-260
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• 2002

The effect of shear coupled with axial force variation on the inelastic seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete bridge piers is investigated in this paper. For this purpose, a hysteretic axial-shear interaction model was developed and implemented in a nonlinear finite element analysis program. Thus, flexure-shear-axial interaction is simulated under variable amplitude reversed actions. Comparative studies for shear-dominated reinforced concrete columns indicated that a conventional FE model based on flexure-axial interaction only gave wholly inadequate results and was therefore incapable of predicting the behaviour of such members. Analysis of a reinforced concrete bridge damaged during the Northridge (California 1994) earthquake demonstrated the importance of shear modelling. The contribution of shear deformation to total displacement was considerable, leading to increased ductility demand. Moreover, the effect of shear with axial force variation can significantly affect strength, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of reinforced concrete members. It is concluded that flexure-shear-axial interaction should be taken into account in assessing the behaviour of reinforced concrete bridge columns, especially in the presence of high vertical ground motion.