• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2015

Though a great amount of chicken by-products are consumed everyday in many countries worldwide, however, no attention has been paid to the investigation of nutritional composition of these by-products. In the present work, the basic information regarding the aspects of nutritional composition of chicken by-products such as; liver, gizzard, heart, lung, crop, small intestines, cecum and duodenum was studied. Our results revealed that the approximate composition range (minimum to maximum) of these by-products was found as such: moisture 76.68-83.23%; fat 0.81-4.53%, protein 10.96-17.70% and calories 983.20-1,426.0 cal/g tissue, in which liver and gizzard had the highest protein content. Liver had higher (p<0.05) vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, B5 and B6 contents in comparison to other remaining byproducts. Total saturated fatty acids (SFA), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels ranged between the by-products from 31.82% to 43.96%, 56.04% to 68.19%, and 18.27% to 32.05%, respectively. Remarkably, all of by-products showed desirable PUFA/SFA ratios. Furthermore, all of chicken by-products, especially liver, contained higher levels of trace elements (e.g., Fe, Mn and Zn) in comparison with those from muscle tissues published in literature. Overall, the study indicated that most of chicken byproducts examined are good sources of essential nutrients and these obtained results will be the useful information to consumers and meat processors.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1528-1532
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• 2003

To investigate the antioxidant capacity of traditional Korean medicines, water extracts from 57 species were tested on their antioxidant activity using radical scavenging effects against ABTSㆍ+. Of which, Rhus javanica, Caesalpinia sappan, Rosa rugosa, Spatholobus suberectus, and Magnolia obovata showed strong antioxidant capacities at 10㎍ concentration. Therefore, antioxidant capacities of 5 traditional medicine extracts in the different concentration (1㎍, 5㎍, and 10㎍) were determined. The 5 traditional medicine extracts was detected in antioxidant capacity dose dependently. R. javanica was showed the highest antioxidant capacity, the antioxidant activity at 1 ㎍ of herbal extract being 0.85 mM TE. At the same time, the antiperoxidation effects of these 5 medicines were determined. Lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates induced by NADPH and ADP-Fe/sup 2+/ was strong inhibited by S, suberectus, R. rugosa, and M. obovata. Extract of C. sappan was showed the highest inhibition against lipid peroxidation compared with 4 herbal extracts in vitro. These traditional medicines are a potent antioxidant capacity and antiperoxidation activity, further investigation into the in vivo antioxidant therapeutic potential for treatment of human disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.101-108
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• 1971

The stability and toxicity test for p.p'-DDT, DDVP and dipterex that put to used sample in this study effects is follows A. about p.p'-DDT (1) In elevating the stability of p.p'-DDT, best stabilizing solvent was benzene. (2) The stability-agent has no difficulty as long as it not contain metal ion for instance $Z_n^{2+}$,$C_r^{3+}$,$Al^{3+}$,and $Fe^{2+or3+}$ but in case of contain $F_e^{3+}$, the combination of salicylaminoguanidine is best effective. (3) Using this product for water-suspension, We must use span 40 for stability agent and adding it at the same time. (4) We must use container which does not week alkali and metal ion but it is to preserved in tight light-resistant container. (5) The stopper of container is adapted with above-mentioned condition of container, but it is better not to use metal material. (6) This product needs opening ventilation more than 30 minutes after diffusion or spray and in the room we remove cause of remained poison by cleaning the bottom. B. about DDVP and Dipterex (1) Benzene or toluene in best solvent to preserve stability of DDVP and Dipterex. (2) Span 40 is superior for stability agent of this product and second is span 80. (3) The pH of solution is very stable in pH 5-6 and comparative stable in alkali more than p,p'-DDT. (4) Container is to preserved in tight, lightresistant container and especially be careful of outflow and inflow of water. (5) Because this product is centeral stimulant poison, we must pay attention to prevent cause of contact diadermic toxicity after use.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.631-642
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• 2007

This study was an investigation of obesity, food habits and daily nutrient intakes of the 4th grade elementary school students in daejeon. A total of 148 children(male:71, female:77) participated in the study. We classified the subjects into normal group and obese group according to the grade of obesity indices by body fat ratio(BFR), 70% of the male and 31% of the female were obese group. The average height, weight were $140.1{\pm}4.9cm$, $33.0{\pm}3.6kg$(obese group), $141.9{\pm}5.7cm$, $42.0{\pm}3.6kg$(normal group) for the male, $141.2{\pm}6.4cm$, $42.4{\pm}6.2kg$(obese group), $139.5{\pm}6.4cm$, $33.0{\pm}4.5kg$(normal group) for the female. Weight showed a noticeable increase in the obese group, but height was not statistically significant. In dietary habits, it wasn't statistically significant but male obese group showed statistically increase in terms of eating fast(p>0.05) and eating snacks before sleeping(p>0.01) and female obese group was higher in frequency of eating out a month than normal group. Energy intakes of obese group was more than normal group and the average intakes of Vit. A, folic acid, Ca, were below the RI. The average intakes of vit A, vit C, folic acid, Ca, were also below the RI in normal group. The average intakes of vit A, folic acid, Ca, Fe were below the RI in female. Especially in female the intake of Ca was only 53.6%(obese group), 56.4%(normal group) of RI. From these results, we knew prevalence of obesity in elementary school students were high and obese groups were high in energy intakes but low in essential nutrients. Therefore we have to try to prevent and treat childhood obesity. So nutrition education of balanced diet and good dietary habits is needed for elementary school students.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Shot peening is a cold surface treatment employed to induce residual stress field in a metallic component beneficial for increasing its fatigue strength. The experimental investigation of parameters involved in shot peening process is very complex as well as costly. The most attractive alternative is the explicit dynamics finite element (FE) analysis capable of determining the shot peening process parameters subject to the selection of a proper material's constitutive model and numerical technique. In this study, Ansys / LS-Dyna software was used to simulate the impact of steel shots of various sizes on an aluminium alloy plate described with strain rate dependent elasto-plastic material model. The impacts were carried out at various incident velocities. The influence of shot velocity and size on the plastic deformation, compressive residual stress and force-time response were investigated. The results exhibited that increasing the shot velocity and size resulted in an increase in plastic deformation of the aluminium target. However, a little effect of the shot velocity and size was observed on the magnitude of target's subsurface compressive residual stress. The obtained results were close to the published ones, and the numerical models demonstrated the capability of the method to capture the pattern of residual stress and plastic deformation observed experimentally in aluminium alloys. The study can be quite helpful in determining and selecting the optimal shot peening parameters to achieve specific level of plastic deformation and compressive residual stress in the aluminium alloy parts especially compressor blades.

• 사상체질면역의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.130-147
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• 2004

To investigate the antioxidant capacity of traditional Korean herb medicines, water extracts from 42 species which has been used for the Taeum constitution of Sasang Medicine, were tested on their antioxidant activity using radical scavenging effects against ABTS. Some Of them showed strong antioxidant capacities at $50{\mu}g$ concentration. And, antioxidant capacities of 2 prescriptions extract of Sasang Medicine, Cheongsimyeonja-tang and Yeoldahanso-tang, in the different concentration ($10{\mu}g$, $50{\mu}g$, and $100{\mu}g$) were determined. At the same time, the antiperoxidation effects of these 2 prescriptions extract were determined. Lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates induced by NADPH and $ADF-Fe^{2+}$ was strongly inhibited by Cheongsimyeonja-tang in vitro. The above-mentioned 2 prescriptions are a potent antioxidant capacity and antiperoxidation activity, further investigation into the in vivo antioxidant therapeutic potential for treatment of human disorders in brain tissue.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.384-389
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• 2002

This study was aimed to evaluate the weldability and optimize the welding conditions for flash butt welding of 780MPa grade steel applied to the automotive bumper reinforcement. And then the relationship between the welding conditions and the joint performance relating specifically to coil-joining steel would be established. The effect of welding conditions between flashing and upsetting process was elucidated. Microstructure observation of the joint indicated that the decarburized band was mainly changed with upsetting process. Width of HAZ was also related to the upsetting conditions rather than the flashing conditions. Generally maximum hardness at HAZ was correlated with $C_{eq}$ of steel and the empirical relationship was obtained to estimate the HAZ properties. Tensile elongation at the joint was usually decreased with increasing the initial clamping distance. Investigation of fracture surface after tensile and bending tests reveal that the origin of cracking at the joint was oxide inclusions composed of $SiO_2$, MnO, $Al_2$ $O_3$, and/or FeO. The amount of inclusions was dependent on the composition ratio of Mn/Si in steel. If this ratio was above 4, the amount of inclusions was low and then the resistance to cracking at the joint was enough to maintain the joint performance. It was obtained that the flashing process influenced the conditions for the energy input to establish uniform or non-uniform molten layer, while the upsetting conditions influenced the joint strength. Heat input variable during flashing process was also discussed with the joint properties.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2012

Experiments for As(V) removal using synthesized $Ca{\cdot}Al$-monosulfate was performed from the water contaminated with arsenate. Monosulfate is known as LDHs (Layered Double Hydroxides) which is one of the anionic clay minerals. Monosulfate was synthesized mixing $C_3A$ (tricalcium aluminate), gypsum (calcium sulfate), and water with an intercalation method. The product form the synthesis was characterized by FE-SEM, WDXRF, PXRD, and FT-IR. Experiments with different doses of monosulfate were carried out for kinetic. As a result of experiment, the concentration of As(V) was reduced from 0.67 mM to 0.19 mM (0.67mM of monosulfate) and 0.178 mM (1.34 mM of monosulfate). The concentration of sulfate was increased with As(V) decrease. The result of PXRD showed that the d-spacing of inter layer ($d_{003}$ peak) was shifted from 8.927 ${\AA}$ to 8.095 ${\AA}$ because the sulfate in the inter layer of monosulfate was exchanged arsenate with water molecules bonded. From the FT-IR results, a new single band (800 cm-1) was observed after the reaction of monosulfate and As(V). The arsenic removal can be regarded as anion exchange mechanism that is one of the characteristics of LDHs from the results of PXRD and FT-IR analysis.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2015

This study investigates the behavioral characteristics and forms of phosphorus in the sediment according to the oxygen condition (aerobic/anaerobic). In the behavioral characteristics analysis, Al-P and Fe-P concentrations were the highest among the forms of inorganic phosphorus, and therefore had the strongest impact on sorption and release corresponding to environmental condition changes. In the experimental investigation of the inorganic forms of phosphorus in the sediment according to the oxygen condition, we determined that the forms of inorganic phosphorus did not greatly affect the sorption or release reaction because the distribution ratios of the inorganic forms remained constant corresponding to changes of dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions. In contrast, the forms of organic phosphorus in the sediments affected both sorption and release. Furthermore, labile-P and moderately labile-P forms were the major mechanisms of sorption in sediment. Moderately labile-P was the greatest contributor to phosphorus release action in sediment. As environmental changes are important for the behavioral characteristics of phosphorus in sediment, the forms of phosphorus should be considered to have a greater effect, especially in the organic phosphorus case. Therefore, based on the present study results, sediment evaluation aimed at controlling internal pollutants in reservoirs should include an examination of the forms of phosphorus present, as well as the release characteristics of environmental changes, which are influential factors of phosphorus control. Further research in this field is required.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.931-940
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• 2006

Defect assessment of a weld zone is important in fitness-for-service evaluation of plant components. Typically a J and $C^*$ estimation method for a defective homogeneous component is extended to a mismatched component, by incorporating the effect due to the strength mismatch between the weld metal and the base material. The key element is a mismatch limit load. For instance, the R6/R5 procedure employs an equivalent material concept, defined by a mismatch limit load. A premise is that if a proper mismatch limit load solution is available, the same concept can be used for any defect location (either a weld centre defect or a heat affected zone (HAZ) defect) and for any material combination (either two-material or multi-material combinations; either similar or dissimilar joints). However, validation is still limited, and thus a more systematic investigation is needed to generalise the suggestion to any geometry, any defect location and any material combination. This paper describes the effect of structural geometry on the $C^*$ integral for defective similar welds, based on systematic elastic-creep 2-D and 3-D finite element (FE) analyses, to attempt to elucidate the questions given above. It is found that the existing 'equivalent material' concept is valid only for limited cases, although it provides conservative estimates of $C^*$ for most of cases. A modification to the existing equivalent material concept is suggested to improve accuracy.