• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2016

Purpose: We have investigated for the purpose of studying change of vitamins and minerals in frequently used vegetables by low moisture cooking method. Methods: Vitamin B complex, vitamin C and mineral (Mg, Ca, K, Zn, Fe) contents are analyzed in vegetables such as spinach, cabbage, bean sprouts and carrot which are heat-treated with degrees of water contents. Low moisture cooking method represents heat-treated vegetable (LM experiment group) with 25 wt.% water content for the vegetable weight while general blanching method includes heat-treated vegetable (GB experiment group) with 500-1,000 wt.% water content for the vegetable weight. Results: Retention rate of vitamin B1 (thiamin) in the LM experiment group is relatively high (87.50-95.68%) and dosen't show considerable differences from raw vegetables. On the other hand, the retention rate of vitamin $B_1$ in GB group's cabbage and spinach dramatically decreased to 19.46-25.00%. Retention rate of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is sustained stably in LM experiment group (75.00-87.50% in bean sprouts, cabbage and spinach), represents that low moisture cooking method has relatively higher contents in vitamin $B_2$. The LM experiment group has 71.43-85.71% on retention rate of niacin while the GB group shows relatively lower niacin (57.14-64.58%), represents conflicting results from the general idea that vitamin $B_3$ is relatively stable in heat treatment and blanching. Retention rate of pantothenic acid is considerably higher in both LM and GB experiment group, indicates vitamin pantothenic acid is relatively stable in the various cooking condition such as amount of water and heat treatment. In the experiment under various water contents, vitamin C is not detected in both bean sprouts and carrots, while the contents in cabbage and spinach are 19.87 mg/100 g and 26.65 mg/100 g respectively. In the same experiment, the retention rate of Vitamin C in LM experiment group (91.65%, 92.23%) is considerably higher than GB group (58.08%, 61.61%). Retention rate of Mg, K, Fe in the LM experiment group is relatively higher than GB group. Conclusion: Resultingly, the observations suggests that minimum water quantity and minimum heat treatment processes should be established in cooking vegetables which have soluble vitamins and minerals.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

반응벽제 기법을 이용해 지하수내 6가 크롬($CrO_4^{2-}$)과 카드뮴($Cd^{2+}$)을 동시 제거할 경우, 새로운 반응물질인 Fe-loaded zeolite의 적용성을 평가하기 위해 파일럿 규모의 모형 토조 실험을 수행하였다. 이를 위해, 폭 2.5m, 길이 3m, 높이 1.3m의 표가를 가지는 토조를 모래로 채우고, 양단에 수두차를 주어 지하수 흐름을 유도함으로써 대수층을 묘사하였다. 이후 6가 크롬과 카드뮴을 포함한 용액을 대수층에 주입하여 오염운을 발생시키고, 지속적인 모니터링을 통해 Fe-loaded zeolite로 구성된 모형 반응벽체의 오염운 정화거동을 관찰하였다. 실험결과, Fe-loaded zeolite로 구성된 반응벽체는 6가 크롬과 카드륨 오염운을 효과적으로 제거하며, 반응벽에 고정화된 오염물은 재탈착/유출되지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해 Fe-loaded zeolite는, Cr(VI)과 Cd과 같이 서로 다른 이온 형태를 가진 무기 오염 물질로 동시에 오염된 지하수 정화에 반응벽체를 적용함에 있어 효과적인 충진물질이 될 수 있다는 결론을 도출하였다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2013

Fe-TiC composite powder was fabricated via two steps. The first step was a high-energy milling of FeO and carbon powders followed by heat treatment for reduction to obtain a (Fe+C) powder mixture. The optimal condition for high-energy milling was 500 rpm for 1h, which had been determined by a series of preliminary experiment. Reduction heat-treatment was carried out at $900^{\circ}C$ for 1h in flowing argon gas atmosphere. Reduced powder mixture was investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Laser Particle Size Analyser (LPSA). The second step was a high-energy milling of (Fe+C) powder mixture and additional $TiH_2$ powder, and subsequent in-situ synthesis of TiC particulate in Fe matrix through a reaction of carbon and Ti. High-energy milling was carried out at 500 rpm for 1 h. Heat treatment for reaction synthesis was carried out at $1000{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$ for 1 h in flowing argon gas atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results of the fabricated Fe-TiC composite powder showed that only TiC and Fe phases exist. Results from FE-SEM observation and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectros-copy (EDS) revealed that TiC phase exists uniformly dispersed in the Fe matrix in a form of particulate with a size of submicron.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.963-968
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• 1998

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of cooling hands of feet on human thermoregulation in the cold. Eight young (22$\pm$1 yr) and eight aged (69$\pm$4 yr) men volun-teered as subjects They stayed at 1$0^{\circ}C$ in the supine posture during the experiment which included hands or feet exposure to the air for 20 minutes. Hand Exposure (HE) and Foot Exposure (FE) were conducted in radomized order and the baseline was kept before HE and FE. Core temperatures, limb skin temperatures adn thermal sensations were measured. Obtained data were analyze using t-test and correlation. Rectal and esophageal tem-peratures increased in the young (YG) and in aged (AG). Change rate of esophageal temperature (Tes) was maintained higher during FE than HE while rectal temperature showed no differences between YG and AG, and between HE and FE. Hand and foot skintemperature in YG and AG decreased similarly during HE and Fe. Forearm skin temperature during HE decreased while leg skin temperature during FE showed no change HE and Fe. It was concluded that the lower cooling. Furthermore, the increase of Tes was greater in young men than aged men. It is also suggested that the wearing behavior can be differently modified between young and aged men.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.482-488
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• 2010

In this study, $FeSi_2$ as high temperature performance capable thermoelectric materials was manufactured by powder metallurgy.The as-casted Fe-Si alloy was annealed for homogenization below $1200^{\circ}C$ for 3 h. Due to its high brittleness, the cast alloy transformed to fine powders by ball-milling, followed by subsequent compaction (hydraulic pressure; 2 GPa) and sintering ($1200^{\circ}C$, 12 h). In order to precipitate ${\beta}-FeSi_2$, heat treatment was performed at $850^{\circ}C$ with varying dwell time (7, 15 and 55 h). As a result of this experiment thermoelectric phase ${\beta}-FeSi_2$ was quickly transformed by powder metallurgical process. There was not much change in powder factor between 7h and 55h specimens.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.148-155
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• 2008

Nano magnetite particles have been prepared by two step reaction consisting of urea hydrolysis and ammonia addition at certain ranges of pH. Three different concentrations of aqueous solution of ferric ($Fe^{3+}$) and ferrous ($Fe^{2+}$) chloride (0.3 M-0.6 M, and 0.9 M) were mixed with 4 M urea solution and heated to induce the urea hydrolysis. Upon reaching at a certain pre-determined pH (around 4.7), 1 M ammonia solution were poured into the heated reaction vessels. In order to understand the relationship between the concentration of the starting solution and the final size of magnetite, in-situ pH measurements and quenching experiments were simultaneous conducted. The changes in the concentration of starting solution resulted in the difference of the threshold time for pH uprise, from I hour to 3 hours, during which the akaganeite (${\beta}$-FeOOH) particles nucleated and grew. Through the quenching experiment, it was confirmed that controlling the size of ${\beta}$-FeOOH and the attaining a proper driving force for the reaction of ${\beta}$-FeOOH and $Fe^{2+}$ ion to give $Fe_3O_4$ are important process variables for the synthesis of uniform magnetite nanoparticles.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.300-304
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• 2020

In this paper, a durability study is presented to enhance the mechanical properties of an Fe-Si-Al powder-based magnetic core, through the addition of graphite. The compressive properties of Fe-Si-Al-graphite powder mixtures are explored using discrete element method (DEM), and a powder compaction experiment is performed under identical conditions to verify the reliability of the DEM analysis. Important parameters for powder compaction of Fe-Si-Al-graphite powder mixtures are identified. The compressibility of the powders is observed to increase as the amount of graphite mixture increases and as the size of the graphite powders decreases. In addition, the compaction properties of the Fe-Si-Al-graphite powder mixtures are further explored by analyzing the transmissibility of stress between the top and bottom punches as well as the distribution of the compressive force. The application of graphite powders is confirmed to result in improved stress transmission and compressive force distribution, by 24% and 51%, respectively.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 1970

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 우리나라 주요조림수종(主要造林樹種)인 해송, 소나무, 리기다소나무, 잣나무, 낙엽송, 전나무에 대하여 토양(土壤) pH에 따른 영양흡수동태(營養吸收動態)와 내산도(耐酸度)를 밝히기 위하여 인공적(人工的)으로 pH를 조절(調節)한 사경배지(砂耕培地)에서의 N, P, K, Ca 및 Fe의 흡수동태(吸收動態)와 내산도(耐酸度)를 검토(檢討)하였다. 1. 강산성역(强酸性域)에서의 영양흡수동태(營養吸收動態)를 pH 3구(區)를 기준(基準)으로 건물증가율(乾物增加率)로서 보면 리기다소나무>소나무>해송 이었고 따라서 내산도(耐酸度)도 같은 순위(順位)라고 할 수 있다. 2. 알카리성역(性域)인 pH 9구(區)에서의 영양흡수동태(營養吸收動態)를 건물증가율(乾物增加率)로서 보면 해송>리기다소나무>소나무>잣나무>전나무>낙엽송이었음으로 내(耐)알카리 도(度)도 같은 순위(順位)라고 할 수 있다. 3. 본(本) 실험(實驗)에서 K와 Ca의 흡수동태(吸收動態)로 보아 그 흡수동태(吸收動態)로서 내산도(耐酸度)를 판정(判定)할 수 있으며 흡수량(吸收量)이 K>Ca이면 내산성(耐酸性)이 강(强)하고 K

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2018

Nd-Fe-B 자석의 제조공정에서 많은 양의 자석 스크랩이 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 PVC의 열분해에서 발생하는 염화수소 가스에 의한 희토류 원소의 선택적 염화반응에 대하여 조사하였다. 열중량 분석에서 약 500 K과 710 K에서 급격한 무게변화가 일어났다. 등온 실험에서 673 K 이상에서 무게 감소율이 약 30%에 도달하였다. 각 실험 이후 잔사의 XRD 패턴에서 ${\alpha}$-Fe와 Nd oxychloride, Nd 염화물, Fe 염화물이 나타났으며, 수침출 이후의 잔사에서는 ${\alpha}$-Fe만 남았다. 등온실험에서 Nd와 Dy, Fe의 회수율은 반응 온도가 높을수록 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 873 K에서 가장 높게 나타났다. PVC의 비율이 증가할수록 Nd와 Dy, Fe의 회수율 또한 증가하였다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.256-263
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 전기화학적 이온교환체 중의 하나인 nickel hexacyanoferrate($KNiFe(CN)_6$) 막 전극을 사용하여 세슘 양이온을 분리하는 실험을 수행하였다. 1.0M $NaNO_3$와 1.0M $CsNO_3$의 단일성분계 및 이성분계 수용액에서 순환전위곡선을 측정하여 전극전위, 전류, 전기량의 변화 거동을 조사하였으며, 실험 전과 후에 $KNiFe(CN)_6$ 막의 구조 형태와 원자조성의 변화를 각각 SEM과 EDS 분석을 통하여 조사하였다. 또한 나트륨과 세슘 용액에서 교대로 이온교환 반응을 수행하여 측정한 순환전위곡선과 원자조성으로부터 $KNiFe(CN)_6$의 이온 선택성을 조사하였다. 본 연구의 실험 결과에 의하면, 전기를 인가한 $KNiFe(CN)_6$ 이온교환체는 화학적 유 무기물 이온교환체에 비해 약 40배 이상의 우수한 내구성을 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 또한 $KNiFe(CN)_6$ 이온교환체는 나트륨보다 세슘에 대해 보다 높은 선택도를 가짐을 확인할 수 있었다.