• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.2561-2564
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• 2010

The accurate determination of bisphosphonate levels in bone and biological fluids is important in both clinical and pharmacological/toxicological studies; however, the quantitative analysis of the bisphosphonate is difficult because its concentration is quite low in most of biological sample. A novel fluorescent chemosensor (FCS)-based measurement method of bisphosphaonate levels using Naphta-diDPA-$2Zn^{2+}$ (NadDPA-$2Zn^{2+}$, DPA = dipycolylamine), an excellent FCS previously used for detecting PPi, was developed. By the FCS method, the concentration of bisphosphonates having no fluorophores can be determined analyzed with sufficient sensitivity. The results of this study indicate that the FCS-based measurement can be a useful method to analyze bisphosphonates in biological samples.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate on the survival and in vitro developmental rates of bisected bovine embryos by microblade, micropipette and pronase methods. Bisected embryos cultured for 1∼7 days in TCM-199 media with 10 FCS＋hormones. Survival and in vitro developmental rates was defined on in vitro culture or FDA-test. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The survival and in vitro developmental rates of bisected bovine embryos by microblade, micropipette and pronase methods were 22.2, 16.7, 15.0% and 22.2, 23.3, 18.8%, respectively. In vitro developmental rate of bisected bovine embryos was significantly lower than that of non-bisection embryos(27.8% and 25.0%). 2. In vitro developmental rates of bovine embryos bisected for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 cells stages during in vitro culture in 10% FCS＋TCM-199 media were 25.0, 20.0, 20.0, 15.0 and 6.7%, respectively. 3. In vitro developmental rates of intact and free-zona pellucida of bisected demi-embryos during in vitro culture in 10% FCS＋TCM-199 media were 25.6, 16.7%, respectively. 4. In vitro developmental rates of biopsied embryos and biopsied blastomeres during in vitro culture in 10% FCS＋TCM-199 media were 20.0, 11.1%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 1997

The study was conducted to investigate on in vitro developmental rates of bisected bovine embryos co-culture in 10% FCS＋TCM-199 media containing hormones, oviductal epithelial cells and cumulus cells 0 to 7 days after bisection. In vitro developmental rates was defined as development rates on in vitro culture or FDA-test. The results are summarized as follows : 1. In vitro developmental rates of bisected bovine embryos co-cultured in 10% FCS＋TCM-199 media containing PMSG＋hCG, PMSG＋$\beta$-estradiol, hCG＋$\beta$-estradiol, PMSG, hCG 0 to 3 days and 4 to 7 days were 16.7~30.0% and 11.1~25.0%, respectively. In vitro developmental rates of bisected embryos co-cultured in 10% FCS＋TCM-199 media containing hormones significantly higher than that of non co-culture. 2. In vitro developmental rates of bisected bovine embryos co-cultured 10% FCS＋TCM-199 media containing oviductal epithelial cells 0 to 3 days and 4 to 7 days were 25.0% and 22.2%, respectively.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2001

This paper is devoted to the parameter optimization of unmanned aerial vehicle's (UAV) flight control laws. Optimization procedure is based on the ideas of mixed $H_2/H_{\infty}$ control of multi-model plants. By using this approach, some partial $H_2$-terms defining the performance of nominal and parametrically perturbed Flight Control System (FCS) responses to deterministic command signals in stochastic atmosphere as well as $H_{\infty}$-terms defining robustness of the FCS can be incorporated in the composite cost function. Special penalty function imposed on the location of closed-loop system's poles keeps the speed of response and oscillatory properties for both nominal and perturbed FCS in reasonable limits. That is the reason why this procedure may provide reasonable trade-off between the performance and robustness of FCS that are very important especially for UAV. Its practical importance is illustrated by case studies of lateral and longitudinal control of small UAV.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.453-462
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• 2016

This paper proposes a torque control method for surface mounted permanent magnetic synchronous motor (PMSM) driven by a 2-level voltage source driven inverter, which has fast torque response and small torque ripple. The proposed torque control method follows the finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) strategy. A reference state is derived at each time step for the given time varying torque reference and the cost index is defined so that the tracking error for this reference state should be penalized. The choice of an optimal output voltage vector is made first from the 6 possible active voltage vectors of the 2-level voltage source inverter. Then a modulation factor for the chosen optimal voltage vector is obtained so that the torque ripple can be reduced further. It is shown that the proposed FCS-MPC control method yields fast torque tracking response and small torque ripple through simulation and experiments.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.12
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• pp.2189-2196
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• 2016

This paper proposes a new finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) method for induction motors. In the method, the reference state that satisfies the given torque and rotor flux requirements is derived. Cost indices for the FCS-MPC are defined using the state tracking error, and a linear matrix inequality is formulated to obtain a proper weighting matrix for the state tracking error. The on-line procedure of the proposed FCS-MPC comprises of two steps: select the output voltage vector of the two level inverter minimizing the cost index and compute the optimal modulation factor of the minimizing output voltage vector in order to reduce the state tracking error and torque ripple. The steady state tracking error is removed by using an integrator to adjust the reference state. The simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed FCS-MPC shows good torque, rotor flux control performances at different rotating speeds.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.359-373
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• 2019

For clustering large-scale data, which cannot be loaded into memory entirely, incremental clustering algorithms are very popular. Usually, these algorithms only concern the within-cluster compactness and ignore the between-cluster separation. In this paper, we propose two incremental fuzzy compactness and separation (FCS) clustering algorithms, Single-Pass FCS (SPFCS) and Online FCS (OFCS), based on a fuzzy scatter matrix. Firstly, we introduce two incremental clustering methods called single-pass and online fuzzy C-means algorithms. Then, we combine these two methods separately with the weighted fuzzy C-means algorithm, so that they can be applied to the FCS algorithm. Afterwards, we optimize the within-cluster matrix and betweencluster matrix simultaneously to obtain the minimum within-cluster distance and maximum between-cluster distance. Finally, large-scale datasets can be well clustered within limited memory. We implemented experiments on some artificial datasets and real datasets separately. And experimental results show that, compared with SPFCM and OFCM, our SPFCS and OFCS are more robust to the value of fuzzy index m and noise.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.989-999
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• 2019

This paper proposes a fault-tolerant control strategy with finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) based on hierarchical optimization for five-level H-bridge neutral-point-clamped (5L-HNPC) inverter-fed induction motor drives. Fault-tolerant operation is analyzed, and the fault-tolerant control algorithm is improved. Adopting FCS-MPC based on hierarchical optimization, where the voltage is used as the controlled objective, called model predictive voltage control (MPVC), the postfault controller is simplified as a two layer control. The first layer is the voltage jump limit, and the second layer is the voltage following control, which adopts the optimal control strategy to ensure the current following performance and uniqueness of the optimal solution. Finally, simulation and experimental results verify that 5L-HNPC inverter-fed induction motor drives have strong fault tolerant capability and that the FCS-MPVC based on hierarchical optimization is feasible.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.73-79
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• 2009

For the shake of control for movement object, control theory like neural network, nonlinear model predictive control(NMPC) is realized on digital high speed computer. Predictor of flight control system(FCS) based nonlinear model predictive control has to be satisfied with response for hard real-time to perform applications on each module in the FCS. Simultaneously, It gives a serious consideration accuracy to give full play to FCS's performance. Error of mathematical aspect affects realization of whole algorithm. But factors of bring mathematical error is not considered to calculate final accuracy on parameter of predictor. In this paper, Predictor was made using load control model on the digital computer for design FCS at hard real-time and is shown response time on realization algorithm. And is shown realization algorithm of high effective predictor over the accuracy. The predictor was realized on the load control model using Euler method, Heun method, Runge-Kutta and Taylor method.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1293-1298
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• 1996

A series of animal experiments has been carried out to investigate the potential antigenicity of the FCS (Fetal Calf Serum) which is commonly used to enhance viability of preserved aortic allograft. Aorti allografts were processed using nutrient media without FCS(control group) or with 10% FCS(study group). After 14 days of 4$^{\circ}C$ cold storage and cryopreservation, antigenic expression of allograft rondothelial cells were studied using immunohistochemical study. To determine antigenicity, level of Anti-MHC class I Antibody, anti-MHC class II antibody and anti-lCAM 1 antibody were measured. There were no stAtistically significant differences in all antigenic expression between control group and study group(p=0. 524 in MHC class I expression, p=0.897 In MHC class II expression, p=0.1305 in ICAM 1 expression). With this result, antigenicity provoking effect of FCS could not be proven. Thus, FCS may not be eliminated from the nutrient media for preservation of aortic allograft due to its proven benefit of cell viability enhancement.