• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.215-228
• /
• 2017

Taking a look at recent trends of port cities, many port cities in the world have been shedding new light on the function being kept by existing port spaces, caused by changes of industrial structure according to the stream of the times, developments of surrounding areas, and etc., and we can see that its meaning also has been changing. However, in case of domestic port spaces they are in the real situation not responding to those movements quickly. Therefore, unlike the existing zoning system dividing functionally urban spaces according to use simply, in this study FBCs getting the timelight recently as a system capable of reflecting spatial characteristics at the maximum have been utilized as a measure for solving current problems of urban spaces. The purpose of this study is to propose the direction of urban planning approach that harmonizes the whole harbor space by strengthening the interlinkage between heterogeneous spaces of port area and port area using FBCs. FBCs are institutional devices that are proposed and implemented in the United States to reflect the unique characteristics of the space, that is, the location and the uniqueness, and the pedestrian-oriented space planning.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.343-349
• /
• 2005

In this research, the fiber Bragg grating sensors with long gauge for displacement measurement in the long distance is developed and tested. The sensors show an accuracy and a capability for displacement measurement oin long distance. Monitoring using static logger of system of FBG sensor with strained optical fiber shows the capability of measurement in the harsh environment such as strong wind. Measurement of long distance displacement by optical fiber sensor if use $250{\mu}m$ optical fiber and impose some strong pre-tension shows possibility in monitoring of nuclear containment structure.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2003

Pressurized fluidized bed combustion unit is operated at pressures of 1~1.5 MPa with combustion temperatures of 850~87$0^{\circ}C$. The pressurized coal combustion system heats steam, in conventional heat transfer tubing, and produces a hot gas supplied to a gas turbine. Gas cleaning is a vital aspect of the system, as is the ability of the turbine to cope with some residual solids. The need to pressurize the feed coal, limestone and combustion air, and to depressurize the flue gases and the ash removal system introduces some significant operating complications. The proportion of power coming from the steam : gas turbines is approximately 80:20%. Pressurized fluidized bed combustion and generation by the combined cycle route involves unique control considerations, as the combustor and gas turbine have to be properly matched through the whole operating range. The gas turbines are rather special, in that the maximum gas temperature available from the FBC is limited by ash fusion characteristics. As no ash softening should take place, the maximum gas temperature is around 90$0^{\circ}C$. As a result a high pressure ratio gas turbine with compression intercooling is used. This is to offset the effects of the relatively low temperature at the turbine inlet.

• Composites Research
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 2001

This paper describes applications of cure monitoring techniques by using embedded fiber optic strain sensors, which are extrinsic Fabry-Perot interoferometric (EFPI) and/or fiber Bra99 grating (FBG) sensors, to three kinds of molding methods of autoclave, FW and RTM molding methods. In these applications, internal strain of high-temperature curing resin was monitored by EFPI sensors. From theme experimental results, it was shown that strain caused by thermal shrink at cooling stage could be measured well. In addition, several specific matters to these molding methods were considered. As thor an autoclave molding of unidirectional FRP laminates, it was confirmed that off-axis strain of unidirectional FRP could be monitored by EFPI sensors. As for FW molding using room-temperature (RT) cured resin, it was found that the strain outputs from EFPI sensors represented curing shrinkage as well as thermal strain and the convergence meant finish of cure reaction. It was also shown that this curing shrinkage should be evaluated with consideration on logarithmic change in stiffness of matrix resin. As for a RTM melding, both EFPI and FBC sensors were employed to measure strain. The results showed that FBG sensors hale also good potential for strain monitoring at cooling stage, while the non-uniform thermal residual strain of textile affected the FBG spectrum after molding. This study has proven that embedded fiber optic strain sensors hale practical ability of cure monitoring of FRP. However, development of automatic installation methods of sensors remains as a problem to be solved for applications to practical products.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.255-268
• /
• 2017

A lot of city have different characteristics in their location, space and environment each other. These characters are the factors showing inherent placeness of each space, and those factors should be reflected sufficiently in urban planning and development. Nonetheless, there are many parts that are not actually reflected in the plan, and this creates a space of unexpected arming. Especially, port area in a port city has strong characteristics of culture, history, geography and environment of the city concerned so it must make more creative and unique space. Therefore, it is considered that not only the physical factors but also the social factors should be actively reflected to highlight the place character of the port space. In this paper we are to construct the factors forming the placeness of port space based on the Form Based Codes rising as a flexible urban planning method in order to avoid rigidity of existing use district zoning system, and establish the placeness character of each port area.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.629-647
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study was undertaken to develop a nutrition quotient for elementary school children (NQ-C) for evaluating the overall dietary quality and eating behaviors. Methods: The NQ-C was developed by implementing 3 stages: item generation, item reduction, and validation. Candidate food behavior checklist (FBC) items of the NQ-C were derived from systematic literature reviews, expert in-depth interviews, statistical analyses of the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, and national nutrition policies and recommendations. For the pilot survey, 260 elementary school students (128 second graders and 132 fifth graders) completed self-administered questionnaires as well as 24-hour dietary intakes, with the help of their parents and survey team staff, if required. Based on the pilot survey results, expert reviews, and priorities of national nutrition policy and recommendations, checklist items were reduced from 41 to 24. A total of 20 items for NQ-C were finally selected from results generated from 1,144 nationwide samples surveyed. Construct validity of the NQ-C was assessed using the confirmatory factor analysis, LInear Structural RELations. Results: Analyses of the exploratory factors of NQ-C identified that 5 dimensions of diet (balance, diversity, moderation, practice and environment) accounted for 46.2% of the total variance. Standardized path coefficients were used as weights of the items. The NQ-C and 5-factor scores of the subjects were calculated using the obtained weights of the FBC items. Conclusion: Our data indicates that NQ-C is a useful and suitable instrument for assessing nutrition adequacy, dietary quality, and eating behaviors of Korean elementary school children.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.56 no.2
• /
• pp.281-290
• /
• 2018

As the internal combustion engine vehicles of high fuel efficiency and low emission are demanded, it becomes important to procure technologies for improving low-temperature performance of automotive catalyst systems. In this study, we showed that the combustion rate of diesel particulate matter is greatly enhanced at low temperature by applying fuel-borne catalyst and perovskite catalyst concurrently. It was tried to examine the correlation between elemental composition of perovskite catalyst and combustion activity of mixed catalyst system. To achieve this goal, we applied temperature-programmed oxidation technique in testing the combustion behavior of perovskite-mixed particulate matter bed which contained the element of fuel-borne catalyst or not. We tried to explain the synergetic action of two catalyst components by comparing the trends of concentrations of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide in temperature-programmed oxidation results.