• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.167-178
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• 2002

Objective : The present study was performed to investigate whether apoptosis occur in human embryos by annexin staining and detect the expression of Fas, Fas-ligand (FasL), Bax, and Bcl-2 in human fragmented embryos derived from IVF-ET by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Materials and Methods: Using annexin staining, immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis on normal and fragmented embryos, we were able to detect apoptotsis and apoptotic gene products in fragmented embryos. Result: Phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation, the marker for apoptosis, were detected frequently in fragmented embryos. Bcl-2 and Bax protein were detected in both fragmented and non-fragmented embryos. When fragmented embryos compared to normal embryos, immunofluorescent intensity of Bcl-2 tended to be lower in fragmented embryos. Bax gene expression increased in the fragmented embryos compared to the normal embryos. This result supports a model in which the molar ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax determines whether apoptosis induced or inhibited in human embryo. Fas was highly expressed in human preimplantation embryos but not FasL. It suggests that embryo may undergo apoptosis by binding with FasL produced by follicular or immune cells. Conclusion: The over expression of Bax and Fas will trigger apoptosis to lead embryo fragmentation and change embryo to be nonviable.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.315-329
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• 2016

Fas ligand (FasL) and its receptor Fas have been implicated in granulosa cell apoptosis during follicular atresia. Although interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) is believed to be involved in the regulation Fas expression in differentiated granulosa or granulosa-luteal cells, the expression of this cytokine and its role in the regulation of the granulosa cell Fas/FasL system and apoptosis during follicular maturation have not been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, we have examined the presence of IFN-${\gamma}$ in ovarian follicles at different stage of development by immunohistochemistry and related their relative intensities with follicular expression of Fas and FasL, and with differences in granulosa cell sensitivity to Fas activation by exogenous agonistic Anti-Fas monoclonal antibody (Fas mAb). Although IFN-${\gamma}$ immunostaining was detectable in oocyte and granulosa cells in antral follicles, most intense immunoreactivity for the cytokine was observed in these cells of preantral follicles. Intense immunoreactivity for IFN-${\gamma}$ was most evident in granulosa cells of atretic early antral follicles where increased Fas and FasL expression and apoptosis were also observed. Whereas low concentrations of IFN-${\gamma}$ (10-100 U/mL) significantly increased Fas expression in undifferentiated granulosa cells (from preantral or very early antral follicles) in vitro, very higher concentrations (${\geq}1,000U/mL$) were required to up-regulate of Fas in differentiated cells isolated from eCG-primed (antral) follicles. Addition of agonistic Fas mAb to cultures of granulosa cells at the two stages of differentiation and pretreated with IFN-${\gamma}$ (100 U/mL) elicited morphological and biochemical apoptotic features which were more prominent in cells not previously exposed to the gonadotropin in vivo. These findings suggested that IFN-${\gamma}$ is an important physiologic intra-ovarian regulator of follicular atresia and plays a pivotal role in regulation of expression of Fas receptor and subsequent apoptotic response in undifferentiated (or poorly differentiated) granulosa cells at an early (penultimate) stage of follicular development.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2015

This study was to investigate the role of Fas in the development of Cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer. On the cellular level, Fas expression was significantly reduced in Cisplatin resistant A2780 (A2780/CP) cells compared with A2780 cells. Fas silence with siRNA would promote tumor cell lines proliferation, facilitate tumor cell cycle transition of G1/S, prevent cell apoptosis, and promote cell migration. Expression of drug resistance gene was negatively correlated to Fas. In nude mice metastasis model of human ovarian carcinoma by subcutaneous transplantation, after Ad-Fas injected intratumorly, we found that upregulation of Fas could inhibit transplantation tumor tissue growth and reduce the expression of drug resistance gene. Our results indicated that upregulation of Fas in epithelial ovarian cancer reversed the development of resistance to Cisplatin. In conclusion, our findings suggested that Fas might act as a promising therapeutic target for improvement of the sensibility to Cisplatin in ovarian cancer.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a valid Adult Fall Assessment Scale Korean version (FAS-K) for inpatients in general hospitals in Korea. Methods: This a 14 item FAS-K was developed based on a review of national and international research and expert opinions in related field. Interrater reliability of FAS-K was analyzed using the ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficients). To examine the validity of FAS-K, a CVI (Content Validity Index), the Pearson correlation coefficients between FAS-K and two widely used scales, the Morse Fall Scale (MFS) and the Johns Hopkins Hospital Fall Risk Assessment Tool (JHFRAT), and the Mann-Whitney test were used. Results: The ICC was .958. The CVI ranged from .70 to 1.00. The FAS-K was significantly associated with the MFS (r=.74, p<.001) and with the JHFRAT (r=.87, p<.001), verifying the concurrent validity of FAS-K. As for the construct validity of FAS-K, significant differences between the fall and non-fall groups were found not only in the MFS (Z=-3.23, p=.001) but also in the FAS-K (Z=-3.10, p=.002). Conclusion: The findings indicate that the FAS-K is a reliable fall risk assessment tool with high validity.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.90-90
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• 2000

The FAS protocol of FOUNDATION Fieldbus playes the roles of interface between Data Link Layer and application layer and establishment of connection between receiver and sender. In this study, the FAS protocol of FOUNDATION Fieldbus was developed. The method of implementation is described in this paper. Software of FAS protocol was implemented by Window-based program and DOS-based program for PC and sensor module, respectively.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2005

The present report aimed at evaluating the effect of bisphenol A(BPA) and diethylstilbestrol(DES) on Leydig or Sertoli cell-lines. To identify the differences in the susceptibility to BPA upon different cell-types, assay of the cell viability was done on TM3(Leydig cells) and TM4(Sertoli cells) cell-lines. The result indicates that Sertoli cells are more sensitive to low dose of BPA than Leydig cells. Also, the BPA- or DES-treated Sertoli cells showed a reduction of phospholipase D(PLD) activity identically. According to the confirmation of the mRNA expression of fas receptor and fas ligand in the BPA-treated cells, fas/fasL system activated by BPA will deliver the apoptosis signal onto Sertoli TM4 cells. However, Fas/FasL system was not activated in the DES-treated cells unlike the BPA-treated cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2613-2618
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• 2014

Aims: Dysfunction of the host immune system in cancer patients can be due to a number of factors, including lymphocyte apoptosis. Several studies showed that $Foxp3^+T$ cells take part in inducing this process by expressing FasL in tumor patients. However, the relationship between apoptosis, $CD8^+T$ cells and $Foxp3^+T$ cells in HCC patients is still unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the correlation between apoptosis levels and Fas/FasL expression in $CD8^+T$ lymphocytes and $Foxp3^+T$ cells in patients with HCC. Methods: $CD8^+T$ cells and $CD3^+Foxp3^+T$ cells were tested from peripheral blood of HCC patients and normal controls and subjected to multicolor flow cytometry. The expression of an apoptosis marker (annexin V) and the death receptor Fas in $CD8^+T$ cells and FasL in $CD3^+Foxp3^+T$ cells were evaluated. Serum TGF-${\beta}1$ levels in patients with HCC were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between apoptosis and Fas expression, as well as FasL expression in $CD3^+Foxp3^+T$ cells was then evaluated. Results: The frequency of $CD8^+T$ cells binding annexin V and Fas expression in $CD8^+T$ cells, were all higher in HCC patients than normal controls and the proportion of apoptotic $CD8^+T$ cells correlated with their Fas expression. Serum TGF-${\beta}1$ levels correlated inversely with $CD3^+Foxp3^+T$ cells. Conclusions: Fas/FasL interactions might lead to excessive turnover of $CD8^+T$ cells and reduce anti-tumor immune responses in patients with HCC. Further investigations of apoptosis induction in $Fas^+CD8^+T$ cells in vitro are required.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.485-492
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• 2003

The pathological mechanism of impaired spermatogenesis after vasectomy has not been completely investigated. In this study, we examined pathological changes of the testis and the Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) mediated signaling pathway in apoptotic germ cell death after vasectomy in rats. Ten-weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats were underwent bilateral vasectomy and sacrificed after 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks of surgery and the testes were removed. Histopathological evaluation of spermatogenesis was performed by hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff-hematoxylin staining. To elucidate the pathophysiology of seminiferous tubule damage, terminal dUTP nick end labeling staining, electrophoresis assay of DNA fragmentation, and Western blotting analysis for Fas-FasL were performed. Relative weights of testes were decreased from 5 days after vasectomy. Germ cell degeneration were first found in the spermatogonia and spermatocytes at stages I-VI, and XII-XIV seminiferous tubules. Mean incidence of apoptotic germ cells after vasectomy progressively increased to peak in 5 days, and then gradually decreased to the control levels in 2 weeks after vasectomy. The expression of Fas-FasL reached maximum level at 5 days after vasectomy and then declined. In conclusion, impaired spermatogenesis after vasectomy associated with an increase in germ cell apoptasis, which is partly mediated by the activation of Fas-FasL.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2016

Periostin, a component of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, is produced and secreted by the fibroblasts that are involved in chronic allergic inflammation diseases and various types of human cancers. Periostin protein is composed of multiple domains including four FAS1 domains which play important roles in cell adhesion and tumor metastasis by interacting with integrins. In spite of their important biological role, the structural information of periosin FAS1 domains was not revealed yet. Recently we systemically prepared various constructs of the FAS1 domains and tried to express them in E. coli. Of them, only single FAS1-II and -IV domains were highly soluble. Circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies revealed that the FAS1-IV domain might be suitable for three-dimensional structure determination using NMR spectroscopy.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.186-190
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• 2003

Purpose: The balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis is crucial for homeostatic maintenance in a cell population. Decreased apoptosis or uncontrolled proliferation can lead to cancer. The Fas receptor signal through a cytoplasmic death domain is very important in the apoptotic pathway. To identify the effect of the death domain of the Fas gene in the development and/or progression of gastric cancer, we examined the apoptotic potential of five known Fas mutants detected in gastric cancers. Materials and Methods: A wild-type Fas gene was cloned with cDNA from normal liver tissue and full length Fas was sequenced. Mutants of the gene were generated with sitedirected mutagenesis by using the wild-type gene and specific primers. Wild- and mutant-type genes were transfected to HEK293 cells. Forty-eight hours after transfection the cells were stained with DAPI and cell death was counted under fluorescent microscopy. Results: In wild-type Fas-transfected cells, the percentage of apoptotic cells was $85.9\pm3.6\%$, and significant cell death and classic morphologic signs of apoptosis were observed. However, the percentages of apoptotic cells transfected with N239D, E240G, D244V, and R263H of tumor-derived mutant Fas were $29.5\pm2.08\%,\;28.5\pm3.34\%,\;25.225\pm2.06\%,\;and\;36.625\pm4.49\%$, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that inactivation of Fas caused by mutations in the death domain of the Fas gene may be one of the possible escape mechanisms against Fas-mediated apoptosis and that inactivating mutation of the Fas may contribute to the development or progression of gastric cancers.