• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.315-328
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• 2011

Landsat data incorporated with additional bands-normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and band ratios were used to assess the extent and rate of deforestation in the Gunung Mutis Nature Reserve (GMNR), a mountainous tropical forest in Eastern of Indonesia. Hybrid classification was chosen as the classification approach. In this approach, the unsupervised classification-iterative self-organizing data analysis (ISODATA) was used to create signature files and training data set. A statistical separability measurement-transformed divergence (TD) was used to identify the combination of bands that showed the highest distinction between the land cover classes in training data set. Supervised classification-maximum likelihood classification (MLC) was performed using selected bands and the training data set. Post-classification smoothing and accuracy assessment were applied to classified image. Post-classification comparison was used to assess the extent of deforestation, of which the rate of deforestation was calculated by the formula suggested by Food Agriculture Organization (FAO). The results of two periods of deforestation assessment showed that the extent of deforestation during 1989-1999 was 720.72 ha, 0.80% of annual rate of deforestation, and its extent of deforestation during 1999-2009 was 1,059.12 ha, 1.31% of annual rate of deforestation. Such results are important for the GMNR authority to establish strategies, plans and actions for combating deforestation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.361-368
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• 2003

Sorbic acid and potassium sorbate are widely used food additives with high efficiancy and they are approved and recommended by FAO and WHO. Sorbic acid is one of preservatives that is mostly used in general food. Sorbic acid and potassium sorbate are used to prevent food, such as cheese, bread, beverage, and so on, from staling and molding. The world market for sorbic acid and potassium sorbate is growing and the market in Asian region is also expected to grow rapidly. This study was carried out to measure the amount of the sorbic acid in cooked meat produced from meat processing plants in Gyeongbuk province during 2000∼2003. One thousand one hundred and thirty-five samples of cooked meat(430 spices added meats, 486 grinding cooked meats, 3 bacons, 23 jerked meats, 68 sausages, 125 hams) were collected from meat processing plants and analyzed for the concentration of preservative sorbic acid by using of high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Sorbic acid was not detected in spices added meats, grinding cooked meats and bacons, except on jerked meats, ham and sausage. But the concentration range of sorbic acid in jerked meat was 0.00∼1.5g/kg, average 0.37g/kg, and in sausage was 0.00∼1.31g/kg, average 0.53g/kg, and in ham was 0.00∼ 1.22g/kg, average 0.56g/kg. There was no sample that sorbate concentration exceeded the legal permitted level 2.0g/kg in cooked meat.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.260-264
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• 1985

Ferrallitique soils are real tropical soils, with an oxic B horizon such a horizon is at least 30cm thick, has > 15% clay, diffuse horizon boundaries, no weatherable minerals and a CEC of clay < 16 me per 100g. These soils are in general the real reddish or yellowish very uniform tropical clay soils with an orchric A horizon and a deep B horizon, otherwise almost characterless. The soil profile looks uniform and maybe some metres thick. It is well drained, has a good permeability and a stable structure. As there is little or no weatherable mineral, because these soils are old and exhausted of bares, natural fertility is very low. There has been a complicated process of soil formation. Intensive and continuous weathering over a very long period has resulted in leaching of bases and silica, in relative accumulation of resquioxides and in formation of kaolinitic clay. Until recently, there has been much confusion in classifing and naming tropical soils. Particularily what are now Ferralsols in the FAO scheme, and Oxisols in Soil Taxonomy. Old names of various classification system are: Lateritic soils, Latosols, Ferrallitic soils. For agriculture, these soils are important, but chemically very poor, not only because of a low CEC but also because of deficiency of bases, especially Ca, Mg, and K, strong P fixation and high exchangeable Al percentage.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 1993

This study was carried out to estimate the dally intake of lead and the relationship among dietary In take, serum level, and urinary excretion of calcium In 30 healthy adults living In rural area of Korea (12 males and 18 females). Analyses for the nutritional status of the subjects were performed by 3-day dietary intake record, duplicated diet collection, 24-hour urine collection, and venous blood sampling. The results were as follows The mean daily intake of energy was 2,176.3kcal and 1,613.9kcal in males and (tamales of 20∼49years, and 1,914.8kcal and 1,517.9kcal in males and females of 50∼59years, respectively The ratio of carbohydrate : fat : protein was 73.4:13.6:13.0 in males and 76.4:10.3:13.3 In females. The mean daily intake of lead was 277.2Pg in males and 192.0ug in females. The mean daily intake, serum level, and urinary excretion of calcium were 491.1mg, 8.9mg/dl, and 80.7mg in males and 426.7mg, 8.8mg /dl, and 80.3mg in females, respectively. No significant correlation was found between the daily lead intake and the dietary intake, serum level, and urinary excretion of calcium. It was concluded that the daily lead intake was lower than the acceptable daily lead intake of FAO/WHO but a little higher than that of other investigations. And the daily lead intake was not level that relate to calcium status seriously.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.86-95
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• 1983

Evapotranspiration is a major factor determining the water consumption in the rice fields. Therefore, realistic evapotranspiration estimates are important to the agricultural water resources planning. In Korea, however, the Blaney-Criddle formula, which was developed under the meteorological condition of western arid United States and the upland cultivation, has been widely used to estimate evapotranspiration from paddy fields. Hence, it has considered that the Blaney-Criddle formula would not be the proper method for the Korean paddy condition. The purpose of this study is to select the most appropriate and realistic method for estimating evapotranspiraion from paddy field in Korea and to derive crop coefficients using the chosen method. The results are summerized as follows. 1. Total seasonal-average evapotranspiration by the field observation was 660mm for Tongil and 621. Ornm for the Japonica variety of rice. The amount of evapotranspiration for Tongil variety was 6% larger than that of the Japonica variety. 2. There was no significant differences in the amount of evapotranspiration among early, middle and late mature varieties, that is, early 638mm, middle 627mm and late 630mm for the whole growing season. 3. The rate of peak evapotranspiration appeared at the beginning of August and was in the range of 7.7-8. Omm/day according to the different mature varieties. 4. The correlation between pan evaporation data and the calculated evapotranspiration using related meteorological data from various methods suggested such as Radiation (FAO), Hargreaves, Christiansen, Hargreaves-Christiansen, Jensen-Haise, showed high statistic significance. Therefore, it seemed to use those formulars in estimating evapotranspiration inste4 of using pan evaporation data. 5. It was concluded from the analysis of field data that the evapotranspiration estimate for Blaney-Criddle method might not be appropriate in Korea. On the other hand, Penman equation showed more accurate estimation at the flourishing stage of rice than the pan evaporation method. 6. The crop coefficients for the Penman and pan-evaporation method were obtained by graphical representation.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.52-68
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• 2009

This study compared activity factor. predicted resting metabolic rate (RMR), and nutrient intakes between athletic and non-athletic high school students in Gangwon-do. Fifty soccer players (30 males and 20 females; mean ages 16.7${\pm}$1.0 years and 16.4${\pm}$1.1 years. respectively) and 50 non-athletic (30 males and 20 females: mean ages 17.5${\pm}$0.4 years and 16.4${\pm}$1.1 years respectively) high school students were included. Anthropometric measurements included: weight and height. triceps skinfold, mid-ann circumference, and body fat. Prediction equations consisted of those from the Harris-Benedict. FAO/WHO/VNU, IMNA, Cunningham, Mifflin et al., and Owen et al. A one-day activity diary was collected by interview, and the 24-hour recall method was used to analyze nutrient intakes of subjects. The activity factors of the male and female athletic groups (2.23 and 2.16, respectively) were significantly higher than those (1.52 and 1.46, respectively) of the non-athletic group. There was only a significant difference in RMR by use of the Cunningham's equation between two groups. For the males. almost all nutrient intakes of the athletic group (except carbohydrate, iron, vitamin $B_1$, $B_6$, and niacin) of athletic group were significantly higher than those of the non-athletic group. The female athletic group showed significantly higher nutrient intakes with the exception of most vitamins. These results suggest that assessments of energy balance between energy intake and energy expenditure by employing RMR and activity factors would be useful to prevent and treat obesity in high school athletes. In addition, the Cunningham's equation would be appropriate for predicting their energy needs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 2012

In this study, monitoring of food additives as an artificial sweeteners on favorite dairy products of children, which are deal at supermarket, was performed. We analyzed aspartame, acesulfame-K, sodium saccharin, and sucralose from total 206 dairy products which are fermented milk, ice-creams and others. Aspartame was detected from 3 cases of fermented milk. Sucralose was detected from 10 cases of processed milk and 2 cases of fermented milk. The detected concentration was followed [average (minimum~maximum)]: aspartame 34.6 mg/kg (2.9~97.9 mg/kg), sucralose 29.8 mg/kg (5.5~67.7 mg/kg). The level of intakes of detected sweeteners were evaluated by comparisons with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) data established by the joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of aspartame and sucralose per day were 0.37 mg/day, 0.20~0.32 mg/day. The intake levels were 0.05~0.8%, which were all within safe levels.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 1988

The production of single cell protein using the amylolytic fusant obtained from cell fusion between Hansenula anomala and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. The fusant12 strain was selected for single cell protein production from starchy materials among five fusants. Optimum nitrogen source and its concentration for the growth of fusant12 were ammonium sulfate and 0.1%, respectively. Optimum concentration of soluble starch and optimum pH of the basal medium were lord and pH 5.6, respectively. Autolysis of fusant12 was effectively carried out by addition of 5% (v/v) ethyl acetate to the cell suspension and liquidization for 30 min before incubation for 24 hr at 3$0^{\circ}C$. Coculture of fusant12 and non-amylolytic yeast, Torulopsis candida YA-l5, resulted in the increase of the mass as compared to the monoculture of fusant12. The cell mass on tapioca medium was increased about 2.5 times as on soluble starch medium. The content of crude protein and nucleic acid of the dry cell were 39% and 5.8%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.785-791
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• 2016

Seasonal variation in the composition and fatty acid, amino acid, cholesterol, and vitamin contents in the muscles of the mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri, caught in Soyangho Lake, Korea, was studied. The moisture content was 74.5-78.7 g/100 g, lipids ranged between 1.06 and 4.23 g/100 g, protein between 18.5-20.7 g/100 g, and ash between 0.74 and 2.04 g/100 g. The moisture content was lowest in May and tended to increase from June to October. The highest protein levels occurred in May, which coincided with the timing of oocyte maturation, and then decreased at the beginning of spawning. The highest lipid levels occurred in May and November coinciding with the periods before spawning and hibernation. The ratio of EAA/NEAA was higher than the value recommended by FAO for an 'ideal' food protein. There were significant differences in Mg and Fe contents with spawning; they were highest in May. Contents of vitamin A and E were from not detected (ND) to $17.1{\mu}g/100g$ and ND to 0.69 mg/100 g, respectively and were highest in November. The content of niacin tended to decrease in June and increased until November and hibernation. The cholesterol content was 14.9-78.9 mg/100 g; it decreased from March to July and then increased until November. In conclusion, there is potential for expanding the commercial utilization of the mandarin fish as a food resource.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.263-272
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• 1976

According to the intercombined review of chemical and biological investigation it has been noted that the metabolizable energy per gram dietary protein of mixed diet of daily intake patterned by Korean population has been found 3.4-3.6 Cal., which entails 10-12% level of the protein calorie percentage of total metabolizable energy, the biological value being fallen within the scope 63-73. The structure of dietary protein has revealed that the lysine and isoleucine were primary limiting amino acids and threonine secondary limiting as a general trend, however, it is assumed that the ultimate nutritional effect of dietary protein might be restricted uniformly among regions by the amount of lysine, since the lysine availability has been yielded as low as 72-82% level. As for the net protein utillization NPUst falls in the range of 52-62 and the NPUop 47-58. In either part the mountainous region has demonstrated lowest value and the urban area highest, these trend being obviously associated with the ratio of animal protein relative to the vegetable origin. The net dietary protein calorie percentage (NDpCal %) has been found within the range of 5-7 that may be capable of meeting the requirement for the maintenance of adult, though for the growth it is insufficient. Present level of total caloric intake would not influence on the fate of protein value of prevailing regional diet in terms of caloric restriction, since the present intake of food energy is higher than the lower limit of caloric intake that would impair the biological performance of dietary protein fed ad libitum basis. Based on the protein efficiency, the adequacy of current level of protein intake was analyzed in terms of utilizable protein, and it has been demonstrated that the 37.8g of utilizable protein in the fishery region and 38.2g in the mountainous region were bellow the FAO recommendation. Accordin to the hematological study it may be interpreted that the anemic symptoms of the mountainous region has some possibility of being related to the inferior status of dietary protein in quality as well as in quantity.