• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.117-127
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• 2004

The heterodimeric amino acid transporter family is a subfamily of SLC7 solute transporter family which includes 14-transmembrane cationic amino acid transporters and 12-transmembrane heterodimeric amino acid transporters. The members of heterodimeric amino acid transporter family are linked via a disulfide bond to single membrane spanning glycoproteins such as 4F2hc (4F2 heavy chain) and rBAT $(related\;to\;b^0,\;^+-amino\;acid\;transporter)$. Six members are associated with 4F2hc and one is linked to rBAT. Two additional members were identified as ones associated with unknown heavy chains. The members of heterodimeric amino acid transporter family exhibit diverse substrate selectivity and are expressed in variety of tissues. They play variety of physiological roles including epithelial transport of amino acids as well as the roles to provide cells in general with amino acids for cellular nutrition. The dysfunction or hyperfunction of the members of the heterodimeric amino acid transporter family are involved in some diseases and pathologic conditions. The genetic defects of the renal and intestinal transporters $b^{0,+}AT/BAT1\;(b^{0,+}-type\;amino\;acid\;transporter/b^{0,+}-type\;amino\;acid\;transporter\;1)$ and $y^+LAT1\;(y^+L-type\;amino\;acid\;transporter\;1)$ result in the amino aciduria with sever clinical symptoms such as cystinuria and lysin uric protein intolerance, respectively. LAT1 is proposed to be involved in the progression of malignant tumor. xCT (x-C-type transporter) functions to protect cells against oxidative stress, while its over-function may be damaging neurons leading to the exacerbation of brain damage after brain ischemia. Because of broad substrate selectivity, system L transporters such as LAT1 transport amino acid-related compounds including L-Dopa and function as a drug transporter. System L also interacts with some environmental toxins with amino acid-related structure such as cysteine-conjugated methylmercury. Therefore, these transporter would be candidates for drug targets based on new therapeutic strategies.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2014

We investigated the reproductive characteristics of Lycodes tanakae in the coastal waters of the middle East Sea to elucidate the species' population structure. We investigated Lycodes tanakae maturation and spawning based on samples collected by Danish seine and gill nets from January 2012 to December 2013. We analyzed monthly changes in maturity stage, gonadosomatic index (GSI), egg diameter, fecundity, and total length at 50% group maturity. The spawning period was December to February, while fecundity ranged from 1,677 eggs at 57.3 cm (total length;TL) to 6,445 eggs at 75.7 cm. The relationship between TL and fecundity (F) was $F_e=6E-05TL^{3.127}$ ($R^2$ = 0.516), and F increased with increasing TL. We estimated the TL at 50% group maturity as 60.4 cm for females and 59.8 cm for males. This study is the first report of Lycodes tanakae reproductive characteristics in the coastal waters of the middle East Sea.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 1998

Peroxisome proliferators induce hepatic peroxisome proliferation and hepatic tumors in rodents. These chemicals increase the expression of the peroxisomal $\beta$-oxidation pathway and the cytochrome P-450 4A family, which metabolizes lipids, including eicosanoids. Peroxisome proliferators transiently induce increased cell proliferation in vivo. However, peroxisome proliferators are weakly mitogenic and are not co-mitogenic with epidermal growth factor (EGF) in cultured hepatocytes. Earlier study found that the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate is cornitogenic with eicosanoids. In order to study possible mechanisms of the comitogenicity of peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate and eicosanoids' we hypothesized that the co-mitogenicity may result from synergistic or additive increases of second messengers in mitogenic signal pathways. We therefore examined the effect of the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate, prostaglandin $F_2_{\alpha}$($PGF_2{\alpha}$) and the combination of ciprofibrate and $PGF_2{\alpha}$ with or without growth factors on the protein kinase C (PKC) activity, and inositol-1, 4, 5-triphosphate ($IP_{3-}$) and intracellular calcium ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) concentrations in cultured rat hepatocytes. The combination of ciprofibrate and $PGF_2{\alpha}$ significantly increased particulate PKC activity. The combination of ciprofibrate and $PGF_2{\alpha}$ also significantly increased EGF, transforming growth factor-$\alpha$ ($TGF_2{\alpha}$) and hepatic growth factor (HGF)-induced particulate PKC activity. The combination of ciprofibrate and $PGF_2_\alpha$greatly increased $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. However, the increases of PKC activity and $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ by ciprofibrate and $PGF_2{\alpha}$ alone were much smaller. Neither ciprofibrate or $PGF_2{\alpha}$ alone nor the combination of ciprofibrate and $PGF_2{\alpha}$ significantly increased the formation of $IP_3$. The combination of ciprofibrate and $PGF_2{\alpha}$, however, blocked the inhibitory effect of $TGF-{\beta}$ on particulate PKC activity and formation of $IP_3$ induced by EGF. These results show that co-mitogenicity of the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate and eicosanoids may result from the increase in particulate PKC activity and intracellular calcium concentration but not from the formation of $IP_3$.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.138-147
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare motivation for rehabilitation, family support and adherence to rehabilitation and identify factors predicting adherence to rehabilitation between depressive and non-depressive stroke patients. Methods: Stroke patients admitted to rehabilitation hospitals (n=159) participated in the study. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires including general characteristics, depression, motivation for rehabilitation, family support and adherence to rehabilitation. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, $x^2$ test, Pearson correlation coefficients and logistic regression using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: 62.9% of the subjects were identified as depressive patients. Motivation for rehabilitation (F=48.18, p=.020) and adherence to rehabilitation (F=9.68, p=.002) in depressive stroke patients were significantly lower than non-depressive stroke patients. Family support also in depressive group was lower than non-depressive group but there was no statistical significance (F=2.35, p=.127). Motivation for rehabilitation (OR=11.46), family support (OR=1.05) and onset period (less than 2 year)(OR=3.61) predicted the good adherence to rehabilitation in depressive stroke patients. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that health professionals need to identify factors affecting adherence to rehabilitation and provide a nursing intervention considering the depression especially when caring for stroke patients.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.7
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• pp.127-144
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• 2003

Die Hedeutungen von drei Verben anregen, aufregen, erregen werden durch '흥분시키다' ohne Unterschied im Deutsch-Koreanisch $W\"{o}rterbuch{\;}erkl\"{a}rt$. Aber sie haben verschiedene Bedeutungen, was man durch einen Vergleich der Valenz feststellen kann und durch eine verschiedene $Bedeutungserkl\"{a}rung$ zu unterscheiden versuchen sollte. Die drei Verben haben die Argumentenkombination 'Origo + $Vorgangstr\"{a}ger$' gemeinsam. Aber erregen muss noch in 2 Sememe eingeteilt werden: erregen 1. '무엇이 누구를 아주 화나게 하거나, 아주 신경질적으로 만들다'(불유쾌한 홍분상태에 빠뜨리다) erregen 2. '무엇이 누구를 성적으로 또는 기쁘게 흥분시키다'(즐거운 흥분상태에 빠뜨리다) erregen 2. muss wiederum in 2 Eedeutungsvarianten aufgeteilt werden: erregen 2.1. '성적인 흥분상태에 빠뜨리다' erregen 2.2. '성적인 흥분은 아니지만, 기쁜 흥분상태에 빠뜨리다' erregen 2.1. und erregen 2.2. werden voneinander unterschieden durch die verschiedene semantische Klasse der $Mominativerg\"{a}nzung$: 'Sexueller Anblick' erscheint fur die semantische Klasse der $Nominativerg\"{a}nzung$ von erregen 2.1.. 'Musik' erscheint fur die semantische Klasse der $Nominativerg\"{a}inzung$ von erregen 2.2.. erregen 1. und aufregen mit negativer Konnotation werden synonymisch verwendet: erregen 1. '무엇이 누구를 아주 화나게 하거나, 아주 신경질적으로 만들다'(불유쾌한 흥분상태에 빠뜨리다) aufregen '무엇이 누구를 아주 화나게 하거나, 아주 신경질적으로 만들다'(불유쾌한 흥분상태에 빠뜨리다) Aber die semantische Klasse $f\"{u}r$ die $Akkusativerg\"{a}nzung$ scheint anders zu sein: 'Mensch odor das $Gem\"{u}t$ eines Menschen' $k\"{o}nnen$ erscheinen $f\"{u}r$ die $Akkusativerg\"{a}nzung$ von erregen 1., $w\"{a}hrend$ nur 'Mensch' $f\"{u}r$ die $Akkusativerg\"{a}nzung$ von aufregen erscheint. Man sollte die Bedeutung und die syntaktische Valenz von anregen anders $erkl\"{a}ren$, je nachdem ein Mensch odor eine $T\"{a}tigkeit$ des $Menschenk\"{o}rpers$ als $Akkusativerg\"{a}nzung$ auftritt: j-n : Kaffee regt(mic) an. '커피가 나를 흥분시키다' Absraktum : das Medikament regt die Verdauung an '약이 소화를 자극하다/촉진하다/북돋우다' Die $Akkusativerg\"{a}nzung$ mit der semantischen Klasse 'Mensch' ist fakultativ weglassbar, $w\"{a}hrend$ sie mit dem Klassem $'T\"{a}tigkeit{\;}des{\;}Menschenk\"{o}rpers'$ obligatorisch ist.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.109-127
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• 2006

A taxonomic study of Habenaria in Korea was carried out based on the extensive examinations of floral morphologies and distribution. As the results, we classified the genus in Korea into the following 5 species; H. linearifolia Maxim., H. cruciformis Ohwi, H. radiata Splengl., H. chejuensis Y.N. Lee & K.S. Lee and H. flagellifera Makino. H. cruciformis is recognized as a distinct species distinguished from H. linearifolia, H. sagittifera Rchb. f. and H. schindleri Schltr., and we clarified its morphological differences from the species. H. linearifolia f. integrilova Ohwi which has been seperated by shape of lateral lobe of lip was merged into f. linearifolia oin this study. Furthermore we investigated the distribution of Habenaria in Korea based on the herbarium specimens and field surveys. The result shows that H. radiata is rare in the middle part of the Korean Peninsula and H. chejuensis and H. flagellifera are restricted in Jeju Island, so the conservation on the habitats of these species is required.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.5-17
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• 2005

This research was conducted to determine the actual condition of obesity and obese students' total cholesterol. blood glucose and blood pressure, and to analyze the relationship between the obesity rate and total cholesterol. blood glucose and blood pressure among the students at 7 middle schools in A city in Kyoung ki-do. The results were as follows: 1. Among 12,148 student participants in this investigation. students of normal weight range were $91.5\%$ and obese students were $8.5\%$, breaking down to mildly obese of $4.3\%$ $(boys,\;5.4\%;\;girls,\;3.0\%)$. moderately obese of $3.4\% (boys,\;4.6\%;\;girls,\;2.1\%)$ and severely obese of $0.7\%(boys,\;0.9\%;\;girls,\;0.5\%)$, The gender difference was statistically significant $(x^2=111.5830. p=.0001). 2. To analyze the 1.027 obese students. the average of total cholesterol was 166.9mg/dl, 171.0mg/dl and 182.1mg/dl in the mild, moderate and severe obesity groups, respectively. The results became more significant with increasing obesity rate (F=10.06, p=.0001). The average of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 121.9mmHg, 123.2mm, and 127.5mm, respectively. The results became more significant with increasing obesity rate (F=6.29, p=.0019). The average of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 74.4mmHg. 76.0mmHg. and 78.4mmHg, respectively. The results became more significant with increasing obesity rate (F=8.15. p=.0003). The average of blood glucose was 83.3mg/dl, 84.5mg/dl, and 82.3mg/dl, respectively. There was no significant difference with obesity rate. 3. There were significant correlations between obesity rate and cholesterol(r=.11288, p=.0003), between obesity rate and DBP(r=.14209, p=.000l). and between obesity rate and SBP(r=.14081. p=.0001). However, there was no significant correlation between obesity rate and blood glucose (r=.00655, p=.8339).

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1993

Self-incompatibility in Brassica campestris is controlled by multi-allele system in a single genetic locus, the S locus, and it is elucidated that S-glycoproteins are S gene products. In this experiments, we examined the genetic mode(pollen tube behavior and segregation of S-glycoprotein), characteristic of S-glycoproteins and DNA constitution within nuclear genome on S gene family that unexplained by single locus model, and investigated the segregation pattern of S-glycoproteins in bred F1 generation. By diallel cross among the 15 plants within one family the existence of three types of homozygotes and three types of heterozygotes were observed, and segregation of S-allele could not explained by single locus model. From the results of IEF-immunoblot analysis for non-segregated individual plant, the segregation pattern of S specific bands was corresponded with results of diallel cross except with one case(SaSa genotype). The molecular weight of 6 different S-genotype varied in near by 50 kD, and each genotype expressed with 2 or 3 bands. Specific bands in SaSa, SbSb, ScSc has almost similar molecular weight between them. Southern analysis of genomic DNA probed with S-glycoprotein cDNA for 6 different genotypes revealed that there are clear difference in polymorphism, multiple bands of hybridization, when restriction enzymes of EcoR I were used. It could be assumed that there are several sequences related to the S-glycoprotein structural genes within their nuclear genome. Therefore, we suggested the possibilities that S-allele system could be controlled by multi-locus, that dominance-recessive interactions could be explained by modifier gene or supressor gene based on the results of abnormal segregation of S-glycoprotein in bred F1. The F2 analyses are progressing in now.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 1995

The complete open reading frame (ORF) of o-subunit of the $F_1$ ATP synthase (atPA) in Korean ginseng mitochondria was identified by the sequence similarity with atPA genes in other plant mitochondria. The sequence alignment showed that the common translation initiation codon, ATG, in plant genes was replaced with GTG valid codon in Korean ginseng. The atPA gene from GTG to TGA termination codon was 1524 nucleotides long, and the sequence homology of nucleotides and deduced amino acids revealed high values of 92~97%. A deletion event of 6 nucleotides was observed at the 1468th nucleotide from the GTG in Korean ginseng, in contrast to that at the 1450th in other plants such as pea, common bean, soybean, sugar beet, and radish. An unidentified open reading frame (on7) was observed upstream of atmA ORF. No other ATG as an initiation codon was detected in the region between off and atmA ORF in Korean ginseng, although a pyrimidine cluster "TTTTCTTTT" was located in this region as in Oenothera and maize genes. It could be supposed that GTG codon in atpA gene of Korean ginseng mitochondria would act as an initiation codon as in microbial genes.ial genes.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.119-127
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• 2021

Purpose : The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of everyday creativity and self-esteem, with sociality in college students majoring in nursing science and to identify factors that influence sociality. Methods : In the study 209 college students majoring in nursing science in B city were surveyed for the period of July through September 2020. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS statistics 22.0 for Windows to determine the frequency, percentage ratio, average, and standard deviation. Statistical analyses included the t-test, analysis of variance, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results : The everyday creativity of the nursing students was 3.65±0.43, self-esteem was 3.70±0.63, and sociality was 3.21±.33. Significant differences were observed for self-esteem according to the participant's grade (F=3.11, p=.027), monthly income (F=2.41, p=.050), health condition (F=4.87, p=.001) and clinical experience (t=-2.17, p=.031). Significant differences were not observed with regard to sociality. A static correlation was observed between everyday creativity and self-esteem (r=.478, p<.001) and between everyday creativity and sociality (r=.342, p<.001). Self-esteem and sociality were also statistically correlated (r=.168, p<.05). Factors that influenced the participants' sociality included monthly income (𝛽=.168, p=.015), health condition (𝛽=.178, p=.022), clinical experience (𝛽=-.161, p=.048), ability to find alternative solutions (𝛽=.245, p=.015), and in dependent nature (𝛽=.224, p=.003); The explanatory power was 15.60 %. Conclusion : More research is needed to understand the relationship between everyday creativity, self-esteem, and sociality in college students majoring in nursing science, Greater efforts are needed to develop programs that nurture the sociality of college student majoring in nursing science.