• Journal of Species Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.224-231
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• 2012

To assess the genetic diversity of Aconitum coreanum (Ranunculaceae) populations in Korea, we have amplified and sequenced eight organellar marker regions, and developed and analyzed microsatellite markers. No sequence variation was detected from the eight organellar markers. Ten microsatellites were developed using Next Generation Sequencing and two microsatellite markers, AK_CA03 and AK_CT07, were identified polymorphic and applied for 143 individuals of twelve A. coreanum populations. Four and five alleles were detected for the two microsatellite loci, respectively, and number of migrants ($N_m$) was estimated as 1.12586. Two microsatellite marker loci showed $F_{ST}$ of 0.205 and 0.275, respectively. The heterozygosity deficit, low level of among-population differentiation, small size of gene flow, and lack of sequence variation of the organellar markers suggest that A. coreanum is reproductively isolated from other Aconitum species and there has been continuous gene flow among the populations of A. coreanum or it has dispersed relatively recently after speciation. Though population pairwise $F_{ST}$'s presented significant geographic structure, further sampling and study will be necessary to confirm this.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2012

Autotransgenic manipulation with a growth hormone (GH)-construct is a potential approach to improving the growth rates of farmed fish. Here, we present the generation of GH-autotransgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio carrying a transgene comprised of the carp homologous GH gene and a ${\beta}$-actin regulator. Autotransgenic carp showed similar viability to their non-transgenic siblings. Early growth characteristics of founder autotransgenic carp up to 50 days postfertilization were highly variable among individuals; i.e., some fish exhibited significant growth depression, while others showed dramatic acceleration of growth, achieving greater than sixfold increases in body weight relative to their non-transgenic counterparts. Stimulated growth performance became more notable with age and many transgenic individuals of the largest class reached 5 kg within 8 or 9 months, which is at least 10 times heavier than the average body weight of communally grown non-transgenics. Four of six founder transgenic males were successful in passing the transgene to their $F_1$ offspring with frequencies ranging from 19 to 36%. Growth stimulations were also persistent in all $F_1$ progeny groups examined.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.23 no.2 s.59
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• pp.69-73
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• 1984

The inheritance of resistance in rice to bacterial blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae) was studied in the $F_2$ generation of the cross between resistant cultivar IR50 and susceptible cultivar Zhu-Lian-Ai. Resistance was found to be controlled by two dominant complementary genes in IR50. The resistance gene(s) was linked with gene(s) for earliness with the recombination value of $6.1\~25.6\%$ in this cross.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2023

For a locus with two alleles (I^A and I^B), the frequencies of the alleles are represented by $$p=f(I^A)={\frac{2N_{AA}+N_{AB}}{2N}},\;q=f(I^B)={\frac{2N_{BB}+N_{AB}}{2N}}$$ where N_AA, N_AB and N_BB are the numbers of I^AI^A, I^AI^B and I^BI^B respectively and N is the total number of populations. The frequencies of the genotypes expected are calculated by using p², 2pq and q². Choi defined the density and operator for the value of the frequency of one gene and found the adapted partial differential equation as a follow-up for the frequency of alleles and applied this adapted partial differential equation to several diploid model [1]. In this paper, we find adapted equations for the model for selection against recessive homozygotes and in case that the alley frequency changes after one generation of selection when there is no dominance. Also we consider the triploid model with three alleles I^A, I^B and i and determine whether six genotypes observed are in Hardy-Weinburg for equilibrium.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2022

For a locus with two alleles (I^A and I^B), the frequencies of the alleles are represented by $$p=f(I^A)={\frac{2N_{AA}+N_{AB}}{2N},\;q=f(I^B)={\frac{2N_{BB}+N_{AB}}{2N}$$ where N_AA, N_AB and N_BB are the numbers of I^AI^A, I^AI^B and I^BI^B respectively and N is the total number of populations. The frequencies of the genotypes expected are calculated by using p², 2pq and q². Choi showed the method of whether some genotypes is in these probabalities. Also he calculate the probability generating function for offspring number of genotype under a diploid model( [1]). In this paper, let x(t, p) be the probability that I^A become fixed in the population by time t-th generation, given that its initial frequency at time t = 0 is p. We find adapted equations for x using the mean change of frequence of alleles and fitness of genotype. Also we apply this adapted equations to several diploid model and it also will apply to actual examples.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.133-138
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• 2021

최근 다양한 분야에서 자동 고객 응대 시스템을 도입하고 있으며 이에 따른 대화형 질의응답 시스템 연구의 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 새로운 도메인의 대화형 질의응답 시스템 구축에 필요한 말뭉치를 자동으로 생성하는 대화형 질의-응답 생성 시스템을 소개한다. 또한 이전 대화 내용을 고려하여 문서로부터 사용자의 다음 질문 대상이 될만한 응답 후보를 추출하는 맥락 관련 응답 추출 과제와 이에 대한 성능 평가 지표인 Sequential F1 점수를 함께 제안한다. 대화형 질의응답 말뭉치인 CoQA에 대해 응답 후보 추출 실험을 진행한 결과 기존의 응답 추출 모델보다 우리의 맥락 관련 응답 추출 모델이 Sequential F1 점수에서 31.1 높은 성능을 보였다. 또한 맥락 관련 응답 추출 모듈과 기존에 연구된 대화형 질의 생성 모듈을 결합하여 개발한 대화형 질의-응답 생성 시스템을 통해 374,260 쌍의 질의-응답으로 구성된 대화형 질의응답 말뭉치를 구축하였다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.93-104
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate brain activity both during the processing of a scientific hypothesis about biological phenomena and mental arithmetic using 3.0T fMRI at the KAIST. For this study, 16 healthy male subjects participated voluntarily. Each subject's functional brain images by performing a scientific hypothesis task and a mental arithmetic task for 684 seconds were measured. After the fMRI measuring, verbal reports were collected to ensure the reliability of brain image data. This data, which were found to be adequate based on the results of analyzing verbal reports, were all included in the statistical analysis. When the data were statistically analyzed using SPM2 software, the scientific hypothesis generating process was found to have independent brain network different from the mental arithmetic process. In the scientific hypothesis process, we can infer that there is the process of encoding semantic derived from the fusiform gyrus through question-situation analysis in the pre-frontal lobe. In the mental arithmetic process, the area combining pre-frontal and parietal lobes plays an important role, and the parietal lobe is considered to be involved in skillfulness. In addition, the scientific hypothesis process was found to be accompanied by scientific emotion. These results enabled the examination of the scientific hypothesis process from the cognitive neuroscience perspective, and may be used as basic materials for developing a learning program for scientific hypothesis generation. In addition, this program can be proposed as a model of scientific brain-based learning.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.56 no.8
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• pp.31.1-31.9
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to describe the population structure and inbreeding, and to quantify their effects on weights at different ages of Mehraban sheep in Iran. The analysis was based on the pedigree information of 26990 animals and 10278 body weight records from birth to yearling age. Data and pedigree information were collected during 1994 to 2011 by the breeding station of Mehraban sheep. The population structure was analyzed using the CFC program. Inbreeding of all animals was calculated by INBUPGF90 program. All animals were grouped into three classes according to their inbreeding coefficients: the first class included non-inbred animals (F=0); and the second and third classes included inbred animals (0$F{\geq}0.05$, respectively). The average inbreeding in Mehraban sheep was 1.69%. Founder equivalent ($f_e$) values were estimated to be 4244, 3116 and 2965 during 1994-1999, 2000-2005 and 2006-2011, respectively. The effective population sizes ($N_e$) were 363, 5080 and 5740 during 1994-1999, 2000-2005 and 2006-2011, respectively. Generation interval was 2.15 years for this breed of sheep. Regression coefficients of birth weight, 3-month weight, 6-month weight and yearling weight on lamb inbreeding were estimated to be -6.340.69, -14.685.33, 48.009.43 and 98.6515.65, respectively. Both positive and negative inbreeding effects were found in the current study. The utilization of a program for designed mating system, in the present flock, could be a suitable approach to keep the level of inbreeding under control.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 2008

To develop molecular markers linked to the $L^4$ locus conferring resistance to tobamovirus pathotypes in pepper plants, we performed AFLP with 512 primer combinations for susceptible (S pool) and resistant (R pool) DNA bulks against pathotype 1.2 of pepper mild mottle virus. Each bulk was made by pooling the DNA of five homozygous individuals from a T10 population, which was a near-isogenic $BC_4F_2$ generation for the $L^4$ locus. A total of 19 primer pairs produced scorable bands in the R pool. Further screening with these primer pairs was done on DNA bulks from T102, a $BC_{10}F_2$ derived from T10 by back crossing. Three AFLP markers were finally selected and designated L4-a, L4-b and L4-c. L4-a and L4-c each underwent one recombination event, whereas no recombination for L4-b was seen in 20 individuals of each DNA bulk. Linkage analysis of these markers in 112 $F_2$ T102 individuals showed that they were each within 2.5 cM of the $L^4$ locus. L4-b was successfully converted into a simple 340-bp SCAR marker, designated L4SC340, which mapped 1.8 cM from the $L^4$ locus in T102 and 0.9 cM in another $BC_{10}F_2$ population, T101. We believe that this newly characterized marker will improve selection of tobamovirus resistance in pepper plants by reducing breeding cost and time.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

In this paper, a public key exponential encryption algorithm for data security of computer network is proposed. This is based on the security to a difficulty of polynomial factorization. For the proposed public key exponential encryption, the public key generation algorithm selects two polynomials f(x,y,z) and g(x,y,z). The enciphering first selects plaintext polynomial W(x,y,z) and multiplies the public key polynomials, then the ciphertext is computed. In the proposed exponential encryption system of public key polynomial, an encryption is built by exponential encryption multiplied thrice by the optional integer number and again plus two public polynomials f(x,y,z) and g(x,y,z). This is an encryption system to enforce the security of encryption with help of prime factor added on RSA public key. The propriety of the proposed public key exponential cryptosystem algorithm is verified with the computer simulation.