• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1445-1454
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• 2010

Two separate animal trials were conducted to evaluate the coincidence of dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) predicted by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) and observed actually in crossbred growing bulls kept in a traditionally confined feeding system in China. In Trial 1, 45 growing Simmental${\times}$Mongolia crossbred F1 bulls were assigned to three treatments (T1-3) with 15 animals in each treatment. Trial 2 was conducted with 60 Limousin${\times}$Fuzhou crossbred F2 bulls allocated to 4 treatments (t1-4). All of the animals were confined in individual stalls. DMI and ADG for each bull were measured as a mean of each treatment. All of the data about animals, environment, management and feeds required by the CNCPS model were collected, and model predictions were generated for animals on each treatment. Subsequently, model-predicted DMI and ADG were compared with the actually recorded results. In the three treatments in Trial 1, 93.3, 80.0 and 73.3% of points fell within the range from -0.4 to 0.4 kg/d for DMI mean bias; similarly, in the four treatments in Trial 2, about 86.7, 73.3, 73.3 and 80.0% of points fell within the same range. These results indicate that the CNCPS model can accurately predict DMI of crossbred bulls in the traditionally confined feeding system in China. There were no significant differences between predicted and observed ADG for T1 (p = 0.06) and T2 (p = 0.09) in Trial 1, and for t1 (p = 0.07), t2 (p = 0.14) and t4 (p = 0.83) in Trial 2. However, significant differences between predicted and observed ADG values were observed for T3 in Trial 1 (p<0.01) and for t3 in Trial 2 (p = 0.04). By regression analysis, a statistically different value of intercept from zero for the regression equation of DMI (p<0.01) or an identical value of ADG (p = 0.06) were obtained, whereas the slopes were significantly different (p<0.01) from unity for both DMI and ADG. Additionally, small root mean square error (RMSE) values were obtained for the unbiased estimator of the two variances (DMI and ADG). Thus, the present results indicated that the CNCPS model can give acceptable estimates of DMI and ADG of crossbred growing bulls kept in a traditionally confined feeding system in China.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2007

To certify predictability for the times of phenological stages from cumulative air temperature in springtime, the first times of budding, leafing, flower budding, flowering and deflowering for 14 woody plants were monitored and air temperature was measured from 2005 to 2006 at Namsan. Year day index (YDI) and Nuttonson's Index (Tn) were calculated from daily mean air temperature. Of the 14 woody species, mean coefficient of variation was 0.04 in Robinia pseudo-acacia and 0.09 in Alnus hirsuta. However, mean coefficient of variation was 0.30 in Forsythia koreana and Stephanandra incisa and 0.32 in Zanthoxylum schinifolium. Therefore, the times of each phenological stage could be predicted in the former two species but not in latter three species by two indices. Of the five phenological stages, mean coefficient of variation was the smallest at deflowering time and the largest at budding time. In five phenological stages, mean coefficient of variation of YDI was in the range of $0.11{\sim}0.21$ but that of Tn was in the range of $0.15{\sim}0.26$. Therefore, the former was a better index than the latter. Of the species-phenological stage pair, coefficient of variation of YDI was 0.01 in Acer pseudo-sieboldianum - flower budding and below 0.05 in 11 pairs, whereas the YDIs over 0.40 were 4 pairs comprising of Prunus leveilleana - budding (0.51). Coefficient of variation of Tn was 0.01 in A. hirsuta - budding and below 0.05 in 8 pairs. The Tns over 0.40 were 5 pairs comprising of F. koreana - flower budding (0.66).

• 대한화학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.162-167
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• 1987

Monohydrogen arsenate를 전위차법으로 직접 정량하기 위하여 네가지 성분인 $Ag_2S$-PbS-$PbHAsO_4-Cu_2S$와 세가지 성분인 $Ag_2S$-PbS-$PbHAsO_4$로 된 전극이 제조되어 평가되었다. $Ag_2S$:PbS:$PbHAsO_4:Cu_2S$의 성분비(몰비)가 2.0:0.5:1.0:0.25인 전극이 전위차 감응, 안정도, 감응 속도와 재현성이 우수하였다. 0.1F $NH_4A_C-NH_4OH$ 완중용액 중의 일정한 이온 강도와 pH 8.50으로 조정된 $10^{-1}$~$10^{-4}M\;HA_SO_4^{2-}$ 농도 범위에서 실험하였고, $CN^-,\;I^-,\;S^{-2}$ 와 $Cl^-$등이 방해하였다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.190-197
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• 2015

남극 브랜스필드 해협의 동부분지로부터 획득한 GC08-EB01 코어퇴적물의 고해상 엽층리로부터 규조를 이용하여 고기후변화를 연구하였다. 규조 정량 분석의 결과 규조 개체수 농도는 $0.4-4.2{\times}10^8g^{-1}$로 매우 풍부하게 산출되었으며, 엽층리는 생물기원의 규조가 풍부한 층과 육성기원 퇴적물이 풍부한 층으로 구분된다. 규조 엽층리는 Corethron crilophilum, Eucampia antarctica, Fragilariopsis curta, F. kerguelensis, Odontella weissflogii, Proboscia inermis, R. styliformis, Thalassiosira antarctica와 Chaetoceros resting spores 등의 번성이 특징적이며, 육원성 엽층리에서는 규조 군집이 혼합되어 나타나는 것이 특징이다. 홀로세 후기 동안 Fragilariopsis curta+F. cylindrus)/Thalassiosira antarctica의 산출 수직 분포비가 급격히 증가하는 구간은 해빙의 확장을 지시하며, 연구 코어 GC08-EB01 코어퇴적물이 퇴적되는 동안 적어도 5번의 한랭기가 있었음을 알려준다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2017

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of acid whey and freeze-dried cranberries on the physicochemical characteristics, lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition of nitrite-free fermented sausage made from deer meat and pork fat. Antioxidant interactions between acid whey and cranberry compounds were also explored. Methods: Four formulations of fermented venison sausage were prepared: F1 (control), F2 (with 5% liquid acid whey), F3 (with 0.06% of freeze-dried cranberries), and F4 (with 5% liquid acid whey and 0.06% of freeze-dried cranberries). Each sample was analyzed for pH, water activity ($a_w$), heme iron content, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value and conjugated dienes at the end of the manufacturing process and at 30 and 90 days of refrigerated storage. Fatty acid composition was measured once at the end of the manufacturing process. Results: At the end of ripening, all samples presented statistically different values for a pH range of 4.47 to pH 4.59. The sum of the unsaturated fatty acids was higher, while the conjugated diene and the TBARS values were lower in sausages with freeze-dried cranberries as compared to the control sausage. The highest content of heme iron (21.52 mg/kg) at day 90 was found in the sausage formulation with the addition of freeze-dried cranberries, which suggests that the addition of cranberries stabilized the porphyrin ring of the heme molecule during storage and thereby reduced the release of iron. The use of liquid acid whey in combination with cranberries appears to not be justified in view of the oxidative stability of the obtained products. Conclusion: The results suggest that the application of freeze-dried cranberries can lower the intensity of oxidative changes during the storage of nitrite-free fermented sausage made

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제46권12호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2009

$0.18{\mu}m$ deep n-well 벌크 NMOSFET에서 측정된 차단주파수 $f_T$의 고온종속성을 모델화하기 위해, 측정된 S-파라미터를 사용한 정확한 RF 방법으로 $30^{\circ}C$에서 $250^{\circ}C$까지 전자속도 고온 데이터가 추출되었다. 이러한 추출데이터를 사용하여 개선된 온도종속 전자속도 방정식이 높은 온도의 범위에서 생기는 기존 방정식의 모델링 오차를 없애기 위해 개발되었으며 BSIM3v3 SPICE RF 모델에 구현되었다. 개선된 온도 종속 방정식은 기존 모델보다 $30^{\circ}C$에서 $250^{\circ}C$까지 측정된 $f_T$와 더 잘 일치하였으며, 이는 개선된 방정식의 정확성을 입증한다.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1977

The major objects of this report are to supplement data of natural frequencies of thin elastic rectangular plates to the available data, and to give an experimental verification for natural frequencies obtained by Rayleigh-Ritz method, the generation set of which are eigenfunctions of Euler beams. For the first object the following five models, for which data only for the fundamental mode or data only for square plates are available, are adopted; (1) two opposed edges are clamped and the other two opposed edges simply supported (C-C, S-S), (2) one edge is simply supported and the other three edges clamped (C-C, C-S), (3) one edge is free and the other three edges clamped (C-C, C-F), (4) two adjacent edges are clamped and the other two adjacent edges free (C-F, C-F). For the (C-C, S-S) model the frequency equation obtained with the mode shapes assumed as of a single trigonometric series is solved. And for the other four models Rayleigh-Ritz method taking eigenfunctions of Euler beams as the generating set is applied. The numerical examples are obtained up to the fourth, the fifth or the sixth order depending on the range of the aspect ratio (0.1-10.0). The number of terms in the generating set for Rayleigh-Ritz method is fifteen for all models. For the experiment three models made of 3.2mm thickness mild steel plate for general structure use were prepared in following size; $300mm{\times}600mm,\;600mm{\times}600mm\;and\;900mm{\times}600mm$. Their boundary conditions are made to fit (C-C, C-F) condition. From the experiment mechanical impedance curves based on the frequency response method were obtained together with phase relation diagrams. The experimental data are resulted in good conformity to calculated values.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.1093-1099
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• 2010

초고온원자로(VHTR) 설계에 있어 중간열수송루프(IHTL) 및 중간열교환기(IHX) 설계는 고온의 운전조건($950^{\circ}C$ 이상)으로 인하여 공학적으로 어려운 과제 중 하나로 알려져있다. 본 연구에서는 LiF, NaF 및 KF(46.5:11.5:42.0 mole %)의 공융혼합물인 Flinak molten salt 를 IHTL 의 열수송매체로 고려하였다. Flinak molten salt 의 세관에서의 열수력 특성을 평가하기 위하여 직경이 1.4 mm 인 원형관을 이용하여 고온의 가스와 Flinak 을 열교환할 수 있는 이중관식 열교환기를 구성하여 실험하였다. 실험 결과 층류유동에서 측정된 Flinak 의 마찰계수는 이론식인 64/Re 에 근접하였고 Nusselt 수는 일반적으로 3.66 에서 4.36 범위에 들었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.75-78
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• 1981

The electrical conductivity of $(M_2O_3)_x (BaTiO_3)_{1-x}$ has been measured over the temperature range of 30 to 27$0^{\circ}C$. The substitution of rare earth oxide such as $La_2O_3$, $Nd_2O_3$, or $Dy_2O_3$ can be represented by $M_2O_3$. The additional mole fraction of the rare earth oxide is ranged over 0.0015 to 0.0030. The electrical conductivity exhibits an anomalous decrease near the tetragonal to cubic transition about 12$0^{\circ}C$. The decrease in the electrical conductivity is observed at the higher impurity concentrations owing to space charge layer. The increase in the electrical conductivity is observed as the impurity ion is varied from $La^{+3}$$Nd^{+3}$ to $Dy^{+3}$, due to overlap of 4f electrons of the inner shell.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1987

An approximate method for calculating added resistance due to regular wave reflection has been established. In order to confirm the applicability of this method, an experimental work was carried out using a Series 60 model with oscillations in the 6-degrees of freedom restricted. Particular attention was paid to the case of the shorter wave length range where the effect of wave reflection is dominant compared to the effects of the ship's motions($\lambda/H=10.6-101.0,\;\lambda/L=0.23-1.18,\;F_n=0.10-0.25$). When comparing the measured and the computed resistance due to wave reflection in a head sea, good agreement is shown. This paper is based on research done by the Author as a member of the Ship Performance Group in the Department of Naval Architecture and Shipbuilding of the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in England, under the supervision of Dr. R.L. Townsin.