• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.75-93
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• 2023

The game industry has grown not only by combining them with various technologies also introducing new types of business models such as P2P, F2P, and P2W. Furthermore, games which implemented X2E model with blockchain technology are recently in the spotlight of the public attention. As domestic game companies have also prospect the blockchain games feasible, they are seeking ways to expand their global market share by strengthening the X2E model. Hence, by carrying this new business model out, it is expected to diversify their global revenue stream, which was previously confined to Asia region. This study analyzed the case of companies that have implemented the P2E and C2E models in order to suggest the direction of development for the game platform in Web 3.0 era. The cases of P2E game platform, which constitute of Axie Infinity and Mir 4, encompass the compensation structure, the stabilization mechanism of the in-game token economy, and future strategies regarding blockchain gaming. Likewise, the platform structure, business model, and future growth potential was discussed in terms of C2E scheme, focusing on the ZEPETO and Roblox cases. Based on the above case analysis, this study attempted to provide information on the current limitations and development directions of the P2E and C2E platforms. The current limitations in legal and industrial aspects should be addressed to facilitate the blooming of blockchain and P2E game industry. In addition, the necessity of not only social support also improvement on the technology and social stigma of full-time creators is ought to be emphasized in an effort to encourage the development of C2E platforms.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 1978

The 1/f noise spectrum of short-circuited output drain current due to the Shockley-Read-Hal] recombination centers with a single lifetime in homogeneous nondegenerate MOS-field effcte transtors with n-type channel is calculated under the assumptions that the quasi-Fermi level for the carriers in each energy band can not be defined if we include the fluctuation for time varying quantities. and so 1/f noise is a majority carrier effect. Under these assumptions the derived 1/f noise in this paper show some essential features of the 1/f noise in MOS-field effect transistors. That is, it has no lowfrequency plateau and is proportionnal to the channel cross area A and to the driain bias voltage Vd and inversely proportional to the channel length L3 in MOS field effect transistors. This model can explain the discrepancy between the transition frequency of the noise spectrum from 1/f- response to 1/f2 and the frequency corresponding to the relaxation time related to the surface centers in p-n junction diodes. In this paper the results show that the functional form of noise spectrum is greatly influenced by the functional forms of the electron capture probability cn (E) and the relaxation time r (E) for scattering and the case of lattice scattering show to be responsible for the 4 noise in MOS fold effect transistors. So we canconclude that the source of 1/f noise is due to lattice scattering.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2001

The classical two-degree-of-freedom (2-d-o-f) "sectional model" is currently used to study the dynamics of suspension bridges. Taking into account the first pair of vertical and torsional modes of the bridge, it describes well global oscillations caused by wind actions on the deck and yields very useful information on the overall behaviour and the aerodynamic and aeroelastic response, but does not consider relative oscillation between main cables and deck. The possibility of taking into account these relative oscillations, that can become significant for very long span bridges, is the main purpose of the 4-d-o-f model, proposed by the Authors in previous papers and fully developed here. Longitudinal deformability of the hangers (assumed linear elastic in tension and unable to react in compression) and external loading on the cables are taken into account: thus not only global oscillations, but also relative oscillations between cables and deck can be described. When the hangers go slack, large nonlinear oscillations are possible; if the hangers remain taut, the oscillations are small and essentially linear. This paper describes the model proposed for small and large oscillations, and investigates in detail the limit condition for linear response under harmonic actions on the cables (e.g., like those that could be generated by vortex shedding). These results are sufficient to state that, with geometric and mechanical parameters in a range corresponding to realistic cases of large span suspension bridges, large relative oscillations between main cables and deck cannot be excluded, and therefore should not be neglected in the design. Forthcoming papers will investigate more general cases of loading and dynamic response of the model.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.616-624
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• 2011

The flow characteristics and heat transfer augment on the periodically arranged semi-circular ribs in a rectangular channel for turbulent flow has been investigated numerically. The aspect ratio of the rectangular channel was AR=5, the rib height to hydraulic diameter ratio were 0.07 and rib height to channel height ratio was set as e/H=0.117 for various PR(rib pitch-to-rib height rate) between 8~14, respectively. The SST k-${\omega}$ turbulence model and v2-f turbulence model were used to find out the heat transfer and the flow characteristics of near the wall which are suited to obtain realistic phenomena. The numerical analysis results show turbulent flow characteristics, heat transfer enhancement and friction factor as observed experimentally. The results predict that turbulent kinetic energy(k) is closely relative to the diffusion of recirculation flow. and v2-f turbulence model simulation results have a good agreement with experimental values.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.17-27
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of e-commerce system satisfaction on e business success factors. We developed the questionnaire for measuring system satisfaction and success factors and tested internal reliability and construct validity. Cronbach's alphas of all system satisfaction factors were above .79 and that of e business success factors were above .82 except partnership (.66). In the regression models, we tried to identify all possible independent variables such as individual factors, organizational factors, system vendor size, order items in their systems and system satisfactions. Using Partial F-test, the regression model with system satisfaction factors, individual and organizational factors was identified as the optimal model in explaining the dependant variable. In the best model, system readiness and timeliness was significant determinants of e-business success evaluation. After using 7 success evaluations factors as the dependant variables, only three models were significant linear models, which were the models with partnership, CEO willingness to e-commerce and e-commerce support. In those models, system readiness and timeliness showed consistent influences to success factors.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.98-107
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• 2021

Background: Ginseng extracts and ginseng-fermented products are widely used as functional cosmetic ingredients for their whitening and antiwrinkle effects. Recently, increasing attention has been given to bioactive metabolites isolated from endophytic fungi. However, little is known about the bioactive metabolites of the fungi associated with Panax ginseng Meyer. Methods: An endophytic fungus, Penicillium sp. SNF123 was isolated from the root of P. ginseng, from which acremonidin E was purified. Acremonidin E was tested on melanin synthesis in the murine melanoma cell line B16F10, in the human melanoma cell line MNT-1, and in a pigmented 3D-human skin model, Melanoderm. Results: Acremonidin E reduced melanogenesis in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 cells with minimal cytotoxicity. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that acremonidin E downregulated melanogenic genes, including tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), while their enzymatic activities were unaffected. The antimelanogenic effects of acremonidin E were further confirmed in MNT-1 and a pigmented 3D human epidermal skin model, Melanoderm. Immunohistological examination of the Melanoderm further confirmed the regression of both melanin synthesis and melanocyte activation in the treated tissue. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that acremonidin E, a bioactive metabolite derived from a fungal endophyte of P. ginseng, can inhibit melanin synthesis by downregulating tyrosinase, illuminating the potential utility of microorganisms associated with P. ginseng for cosmetic ingredients.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.329-347
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• 2017

Early research into category-based feature inference reported various phenomena in human thinking including typicality, diversity, similarity effects, etc. Later research discovered that participants' prior knowledge has an extensive influence on these sorts of reasoning. The current research tested the effects of causal knowledge on feature inference and conducted modeling on the results. Participants performed feature inference for categories consisted of four features where the features were connected either in common cause or common effect structure. The results showed typicality effects along with violations of causal Markov condition in common cause structure and causal discounting in common effect structure. To model the results, it was assumed that participants perform feature inference based on the difference between the probabilities of an exemplar with the target feature and an exemplar without the target feature (that is, $p(E_{F(X)}{\mid}Cat)-p(E_{F({\sim}X)}{\mid}Cat)$). Exemplar probabilities were computed based on causal model theory (Rehder, 2003) and applied to inference for target features. The results showed that the model predicts not only typicality effects but also violations of causal Markov condition and causal discounting observed in participants' data.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.84-88
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• 1998

The aim of this study was to describe growth patterns of mice using Gompertz model. Two distinct types of mice, laboratory mouse $CF_{\sharp1}$ (Mus musculus domesticus) and Yonakuni wild mouse (Yk, Mus musculus molossinus yonakuni) were used. From all possible crosses, there were two parental types and two reciprocal $F_1$ crosses obtained. Individual body weights were measured weekly from birth to ten weeks of age on 321 mice. Standardization to six mice was conducted and only first litters were used. Growth curve parameters were estimated to fit growth data. The results showed that growth among genetic groups were significantly different (p < 0.05) for both sexes, in which parental type of $CF_{\sharp1}$ and Yk had the highest and the smallest values, respectively. Meanwhile, reciprocal $F_1$ crosses were intermediate between parental types. It was concluded that Gompertz model provided and excellent fit for the growth data with a high coefficient determination $(R^2 = 0.999)$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2002

In this paper, data rate of VDSL system was analyzed in noise and crosstalk environment. For this paper, Matlab tool was used to analyze the performance of VDSL system. Various "VDSL Test Loop" are used which is suggested by ANSI DSL Standard group T1E1.4. Many parameters, "Noise Model A", "Noise Model F", duplex method VDSL-998 which is suggested FDD plan by ANSI was used. The most of conditions for simulation are followed to the ANSI Standard "Spectrum management" Lots of data have been obtained according to the different conditions of the test loops. The result shows that the data rate of VDSL system is decreased due to the other DSL signals in the same cable bundle. And also there was more reduced data rate in case of Noise Model F than that of Noise Model A.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 1982

In this paper the result of heat transfer analysis around the square heat source of interior solid by using the F. E. M is reported. Calculation for temperature distribution and each element was used by F. E. M. the solid is sub-divided into system of equal size triangular shape. These values of temperature distribution will valuable for design of jet engine and steam generator and the results gained are as follow; 1. Calculation by F. E. M is identified with the experiment. 2. Temperature distribution on the horizontal surface is $\theta$=0.698 in model 4 and the other hand $\theta$=0.401 in model 6 for X=16cm. In intermediates surface between heat source and bottom surface, the influence of L is more greater than that of height in the temperature difference. 3. Temperature distribution on the vertical surface for model 2 is resulted strong influence by K. In the case of Y=4cm is identified with $\theta$=0.0790 for K=7 and also $\theta$=0.0036 for K=0.3. In the difference of temperature distribution.