• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1251-1251
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• 2001

The routine analysis of milk chemical components is of major importance both for the management of animals in dairy farms and for quality control in dairy industries. NIRS technology is an analytical technique which greatly simplifies this routine. One of the most critical aspects in NIRS analysis of milk is sample preparation and analysis modes which should be fast and straightforward. An important difficulty when obtaining NIR spectra of milk is the high water content (80 to 90%) of this product, since water absorbs most of the infrared radiation, and, therefore, limits the accuracy of calibrating for other constituents. To avoid this problem, the DESIR system was set up. Other ways of radiation-sample interaction adapted for liquids or semi-liquids exist, which are practically instantaneous and with limited or null necessity of sample preparation: Transmission and Folded Transmission or Transflectance. The objective of the present work is to compare the precision and accuracy of milk calibration equations in two analysis modes: Reflectance (dry milk) and Folded Transmission (liquid milk). A FOSS-NIR Systems 6500 I spectrophotometer (400-2500 nm) provided with a spinning module was used. Two NIR spectroscopic methods for milk analysis were compared: a) folded transmission: liquid milk samples in a 0.1 pathlength sample cell (ref. IH-0345) and b) reflectance: dried milk samples in glass fibre filters placed in a standard ring cell. A set of 101 milk samples was used to develop the calibration equations, for the two NIR analysis modes, to predict casein, protein, fat and dry matter contents, and 48 milk samples to predict Somatic Cell Count (SCC). The calibrations obtained for protein, fat and dry matter have an excellent quantitative prediction power, since they present $r^2$ values higher than 0.9. The $r^2$ values are slightly lower for casein and SCC (0.88 and 0.89 respectively), but they still are sufficiently high. The accuracy of casein, protein and SCC equations is not affected by the analysis modes, since their ETVC values are very similar in reflectance and folded transmission (0.19% vs 0.21%; 0.16% vs 0.19% and 55.57% vs 53.11% respectively), Lower SECV values were obtained for the prediction of fat and dry matter with the folded transmission equations (0.14% and 0.25% respectively) compared to the results with the reflectance ones (0.43% and 0.34% respectively). In terms of accuracy and speed of analytical response, NIRS analysis of liquid milk is recommended (folded transmission), since the drying procedure takes 24 hours. However, both analysis modes offer satisfactory results.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.419-428
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• 2000

Leptin, the product of obese (ob) gene, is an adipocyte-derived satiety factor that plays a major role in the regulation of food intake, energy homeostasis, body weight, reproductive physiology and neuropeptide secretion. The present study was designed to generate transgenic mice expressing antisense mouse ob (mob) gene. Total RNA was extracted from the adipose tissues of mouse, then reverse transcription was performed. The 303 and 635 bp fragments of anti I and II cDNAs were amplified from mob cDNAs by PCR. The two mob cDNAs were reversely ligated into between adipose tissue specific aP2 promote and SV40 poly(A) site. Transgenic mice carrying two different kinds of antisense mob transgenes were generated by DNA microinjection into pronucleus. Total 14 transgenic mice were born, and the 4 and 5 founder lines of the transgenic mice with anti I and II transgenes were respectively established. Antisense mRNA expression was detected in transgenic F$_1$ mice by RT-PCR analysis. This result suggests that the transgenic mice expressing antisense mob mRNA may be useful as an animal disease model to be obesity caused by decreased amount of leptin secretion.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.5A
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• pp.849-859
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• 2006

This paper presents an extensive robust analysis of a ${\mu}$-controller in the hybrid system for various uncertainties using the benchmark cable-stayed bridge. The overall system robustness may be deteriorated by introducing active devices and the active controller may cause instability due to small margins. Therefore, a ${\mu}$-synthesis method that simultaneously guarantees the performance and stability of the closed-loop system (robust performance) with uncertainties is used for active devices to enhance the robustness in company with the inherent reliability of passive devices. The robustness of the ${\mu}$-synthesis method is investigated with respect to the additional mass on the deck, structural stiffness matrix perturbation, time delay of actuator, and combinations thereof. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed control system has the good robustness without loss of control performances with respect to various uncertainties under earthquakes considered in this study. Furthermore, the control system robustness is more affected by the perturbation of structural stiffness matrix than others considered in this study. Therefore, the hybrid system controlled by a ${\mu}$-synthesis method could be proposed as an improved control strategy for a seismically excited cable-stayed bridge containing many uncertainties.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.54-95
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze quantitatively and qualitatively the effects of the increase in online shopping and its effects on real-world commercial outlets. The empirical analysis of this study is based on the results of "Census on Establishments" and "Online Shopping Survey" that cover 15 years, from 2002 to 2016. According to the results of this study, the increase in the number of online transactions affects the decrease in the number of stores in the real-world retail sector. However, non-specialized large stores and chain convenience stores showed an increase in the number of stores. In addition, the number of F&B stores increased the most in line with the increase in online transactions. This is because the increase in online transactions and in internet users led to the use of more delivery applications and the introduction of popular places on blogs or through social media. Street-level rents for medium and large-sized locations increased. In other words, it is seen that the demand for differentiated real-world stores that provide a good user experience increases, even though online transactions also increase. These results suggest that real-world stores should provide good user experiences in their physical locations with a certain size and assortment of goods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.222-222
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• 2022

Improving the taste of rice in the breeding process is one of the important goals. However, it takes a lot of time and effort to select lines with good grain quality. MAS related to rice quality can help quickly and accurately select the elite lines in breeding programs. QTL qTV9, derived from Wandoaengmi 6, has been reported as a marker associated with improved glossiness of rice (Park et al., 2019). To confirm the function of QTL qTV9, 186 RILs derived from Hwayeong/Wandoaengmi6 were cultivated on ordinary planting cultivation for five years. The average DTH of Hwayeong and Wandoaengmi 6 was not significant at 99 and 97 days, respectively, but the averages of TV (toyo value) were 72.6 and 86.0, respectively. The DTH and TV of RIL vary from year to year. In 2017-2018, the average DTH was 98 days, which was significantly higher than the other three years. In 2018 and 2021, the average TV was 79.5 and 86.5, respectively, which were significantly higher than in other years. As a result of correlation analysis, DTH in the different years showed highly significant positive correlations (r = 0.71-0.92) from 0.71 to 0.92, whereas TV showed positive but weaker correlations (r = 0.42-0.71). The correlation between DTH and TV in each year was significant but weak (r = 0.25-0.64) and there was no correlation in 2017. The TV (77.6-88.7) of RILs with QTL qTV9 was significantly higher than that of RILs without qTV9 (72.6-84.9) for all five years. As a result of analyzing TV by DTH group, the TV of the lines with qTV9 in DTH groups (93-97) and (98-103) showed a significantly higher trend for all 5 years. And TV was not significant in DTH groups A, B, E, and F. This may have been influenced by factors such as insufficient populations between groups or differences in harvest timing. This study is expected to be used as data for improving the glossiness of cooked rice in breeding programs, and further study of the QTL qTV9 marker is required.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.83-93
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• 2023

Purpose : This study examined the effects of college students' occupational value and social support on their career decision status. Methods : This research was conducted between May 6 and May 30 in 2023 with 228 college students from city B in South Korea as the study participants. The frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation of the collected data were analyzed, while t-test, ANOVA test, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and a multivariate regression analysis were conducted using the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Results : The analysis revealed that the research subjects had an average occupational value of 3.58±.44, social support of 4.18±.56, and a career decision status of 2.82±.59. Notably, a significant difference in the career decision status of the students was observed with regard to their fields of major (F=2.36, p=.019), However, no other variable demonstrated a significant difference. The confidence level pertaining to career decision-making was found to be positively correlated with the pursuit of status and self-direction (r=.25, p<.001), pursuit of creativity (r=.16, p=.017), pursuit of relationship (r=.35, p<.001), pursuit of diversity and change (r=.16, p=17), pursuit of interest (r=.19, p=.003), pursuit of compensation (r=.29, p<.001), pursuit of professionalism (r=.46, p<.001), material support (r=.25, p<.001), appraisal support (r=.35, p<.001), informational support (r=.32, p<.001), and emotional support (r=.29, p<.001). Moreover, the indecision level related to career decision-making demonstrated a positive correlation with the pursuit of excellence (r=.17, p=.010). The factors that affected the confidence level of career decision-making included appraisal support (β=.29, p<.001) and pursuit of compensation (β=.19, p=.003), whose collective explanatory power was 15 %. It was further observed that appraisal support (β=-.27, p<.001), pursuit of professionalism (β=-.16 p=.017), pursuit of excellence (β=.17, p=.005), and the field of major (β=-.16, p=.012) largely influenced the indecision level related to career decision-making, together bearing an explanatory power of 17 %. Conclusion : The results of this study have important implications for enhancing college students' career decision status. Moreover, further research investigating the diverse variables that affect students' career decision status is necessary, along with effective endeavors to improve education and develop programs that positively affect college students' career decision status.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.667-678
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• 2023

In this study, quasi-3D inundation flow simulations were conducted for a simplified subway station configuration. The effects of variations in rainwater inflow locations and discharge were investigated, analyzing the resulting inundation flow patterns and flood risk. The inundation simulation results calculated the incipient velocities for slipping and toppling accidents to assess pedestrian safety. The results indicated that velocities exceeding the incipient velocity for slipping accidents mainly occurred on the flooded staircase. Meanwhile, velocities surpassing the incipient toppling accidents were observed around the staircase and the corridor near the staircase leading to B2F. This observation is consistent with the results from the specific force distribution analysis. To provide detailed flood risk assessments, the Flood Hazard Degree (FD) was applied with four levels of criteria, along with the Flood Intensity Factor (FIF). The results demonstrated that FD identified a broader area at risk of flood-induced consequences compared to FIF. When comparing the different inundation risk assessment methods, the specific force method tended to overestimate the risk area, whereas FIF tended to underestimate it. Furthermore, among all assessment methods, the influence of rainwater discharge was found to have a more dominant effect on flood risk assessment compared to the number of rainwater inflow locations. Additionally, the direction of inundation flow influenced the assessed risk, with collision-induced flow patterns leading to higher flood risk than those with identical flow directions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1197-1205
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• 2023

In this study, the spectrum due to radioactivity contained sand samples from famous beaches in the Yeongnam region was measured. The sand samples were from eight famous beaches in Yeongnam region and were placed into a high-purity germanium detector (HPGe) using with an electric field, which is a semiconductor detector and subjected to a precision analysis of the gamma-rays emitted from the radionuclides in the sand by using a multichannel analyzer (MCA). To measure the concentration of the radionuclides, we obtained a spectrum by analyzing the gamma-rays emitted from the radionuclides for a measurement time of 8,000 seconds. As a result of analyzing the spectrum table, Tl-208 had the highest radioactivity at all eight beaches: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H. In conclusion, radionuclides detected in sand samples from beaches in the Yeongnam region are natural radionuclides, but they can affect the inside of the human body. Therefore, there is a need for continuous investigation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1099-1112
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dyslipidemia causes metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis and fatty liver syndrome due to abnormally high blood lipids. Purple perilla frutescens extract (PPE) possesses various bioactive compounds such as α-asarone, chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid. This study examined whether PPE and α-asarone improved dyslipidemia-associated inflammation and inhibited atheroma formation in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice, an experimental animal model of atherosclerosis. MATERIALS/METHODS: ApoE-deficient mice were fed on high cholesterol-diet (Paigen's diet) and orally administrated with 10-20 mg/kg PPE and α-asarone for 10 wk. RESULTS: The Paigen's diet reduced body weight gain in apoE-deficient mice, which was not restored by PPE or α-asarone. PPE or α-asarone improved the plasma lipid profiles in Paigen's diet-fed apoE-deficient mice, and despite a small increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and very LDL were significantly reduced. Paigen's diet-induced systemic inflammation was reduced in PPE or α-asarone-treated apoE-deficient mice. Supplying PPE or α-asarone to mice lacking apoE suppressed aorta atherogenesis induced by atherogenic diet. PPE or α-asarone diminished aorta accumulation of CD68- and/or F4/80-positive macrophages induced by atherogenic diet in apoE-deficient mice. Treatment of apoE-deficient mice with PPE and α-asarone resulted in a significant decrease in plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein level and an increase in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase reduced by supply of Paigen's diet. Supplementation of PPE and α-asarone enhanced the transcription of hepatic apoA1 and SR-B1 reduced by Paigen's diet in apoE-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS: α-Asarone in PPE inhibited inflammation-associated atheroma formation and promoted hepatic HDL-C trafficking in dyslipidemic mice.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.83-94
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• 2024

The proportion of plant-based meat alternative (PBMA) consumers has recently increased in Korea. This is due to several reasons including protecting the environment, satisfying preferences, maintaining health, and improving eating habits. Accordingly, many companies produce and sell alternative meat using various materials. Alternative meats are classified into plant (such as soybeans and wheat), seaweed, insect, and cultured meats, depending on the raw materials used in manufacturing. PBMA is sold after undergoing processes such as grinding, seasoning, and molding. Therefore, monitoring the presence of any hazardous elements during this process is essential. Accordingly, in this study, we analyzed the harmful components of nine domestically distributed PBMA that are most easily accessible to consumers. After extracting fat from the samples and analyzing the rancidity level, samples F, G, and I were highly rancid. Trace amounts of aflatoxin were detected in samples A and B, but confirmed to be within the range. Cd and Pb were not detected in any sample. We hope that this study will help establish methods to ensure the safety of domestically sold PBMA.