• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2009

Several hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, N,N'-dicoumaroylputrescine (DCP), N-p-coumaroyl-N'-feruloyl-putrescine (CFP), and N,N'-diferuloylputrescine (DFP) were isolated and purified from corn bran. To develop the skin whitening agent, we investigated the effects of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives from corn bran, on melanogenesis. CFP and DFP inhibited melanin synthesis in a dose dependent manner up to 44.7 ${\pm}$ 6.0 %, and 58.5 ${\pm}$ 3.1 % at a concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The intracellular tyrosinase activity decreased about 42.5 ${\pm}$ 14.6 %, and 9.0 ${\pm}$ 4.4 % at a concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ of CFP and DFP, respectively. Our results suggest that inhibitory effects of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives on melanogenesis are due to the inhibition of the intracellular tyrosinase activity. These results indicate that these hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives from corn bran may be potential natural skin whitening agents.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.76-76
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• 1993

Endotracheal intubation is common technique for general anesthesia or patency of airway. However, laryngeal intubation granuloma is the most common sequale of endotracheal intubation in otolaryngologic field. From 1982 to 1992, the authors had experienced 16 cases intubation granuloma. The following results were as follows; 1. Age distribution was mostly in the 20 to 49 years old group (84 %).The sex ratio of male to female was 1:7, predominantly in female. 2. Main sx. were hoarse in 12(75%), F.B. sensation in 3(18%), dyspnea in 1 (6%). 3. The side of lesion was bilateral in 6 cases (37%) and unilateral in 10 cases (63%). Unilateral had the 3 cases (30%) in left and the 7 cases (70%) in right. The location of mass was vocal process of arytenoid cartilage in 8 cases(50%), post 1/3 of vocal cord in 6 cases (37 %) and middle 1/3 of vocal cord in 2 cases (12 %). 4. The duration between extubation and onset of symptom in less than a month was most frequent in 7 cases (44 %) out of 16 cases. 5. The most common operation was cesarean section in 6 cases (37 %). 6. Mean duration of intubation time was 2 hour 5 minutes. 7. Composition of used intubation tube was red rubber tube. 8. One case (6 %) was recurred.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2001

This study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of meridian acupressure for enhancement of post operative bowel movement to the patient with absolute bed rest who having surgery under general anesthesia. This study used a qusai experimental, nonequivalent control group post test only design. This subject were 44 patients, 22 for the experimental and 22 for the control group, who were admitted at KyungHee University hospital, neurosurgical unit A and B ward, assigned by matched sample by the name of operation who having microvascular decompression and laminectomy. Date were collected from May 1, 2001 to June 30, 2001 by auscultation, self report and by using 7 point face scale. The recovery of bowel sound were measured every 4 hours until gas out for 1 minute auscultation on lower abdomen after 4 hours having surgery. The time of gas out were measured by self report, the severity of nausea were measured every 4 hours for 7 point face scale and also the degree of satisfaction of nursing care were measured after 2 days having surgery with same scale. Data were analyzed with $X^2$, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and ANOVA. The result of this study were as follows; 1. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed shorter time the recovery of bowel sound after having surgery than control group(t=-5.112, p=.0001). 2. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed shorter time of gas after having surgery than control group(t=-4.010, p=.0001) 3. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed decreased level of nausea score according to time interval than control group(F=21.995, p=.0001). 4. The experimental group which were implemented with meridian acupressure showed higher the degree of satisfaction of nursing care than control group(t=-4.010, p=.0001). These finding indicate that a meridian acupressure could be a effective nursing intervention for enhancement of post operative bowel movement to the patient with absolute bed rest who having surgery under general anesthesia.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.173-181
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• 2018

Recently composite materials have dominated most engineering fields, owing to their better performance, increased durability and flexibility to be customized and designed for a specific required property. This has given them unprecedented superiority over conventional materials. With the help of the ever increasing computational capabilities of computers, researchers have been trying to develop accurate material models for the complex and integrated properties of these composites. This has led to advances in virtual testing of composite materials as a supplement or a possible replacement of laboratory experiments to predict the properties and responses of composite materials and structures. This paper presents a review on the complex multi-scale modelling framework of the virtual testing machines, which involve computational mechanics at various length-scales starting with nano-mechanics and ending in structure level computational mechanics, with a homogenization technique used to link the different length scales. In addition, the paper presents the features of some of the biggest integrated virtual testing machines developed for study of concrete, including a multiscale modeling scheme for the simulation of the constitutive properties of nanocomposites. Finally, the current challenges and future development potentials for virtual test machines are discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2012

The effect of water temperature on spawning induction, larval development, spat settling and its growth of the cockle shell, Fulvia mutica, were investigated to obtain the basic data for effective seed production. The eggs, which were randomly divided into 6 groups of water temperatures of 14, 17, 20, 23, 26 and $29^{\circ}C$, were transferred into 1 L beaker, respectively. The relationships between the water temperature and the required time (1/h, hour) by each egg developmental stage were calculated. Biological minimum water temperature and the cumulative water temperature until egg development of the veliger stage were calculated to be $0.1^{\circ}C$ and $397.3^{\circ}C$, respectively. The optimal water temperature for developmental bioassay of F. mutica was clarified to be $23^{\circ}C$. The required time for the embryo to become veliger larvae was 20 hours at $23^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2010

Yuza (Citrus junos Sieb ex TANAKA) is a citrus fruit that is cultivated in northeast Asia. Citron is known for containing abundant antioxidants such as vitamin C, flavonoids, for example hesperidin and hesperetin, and terpenoids such as limononin. When mature citron is processed for tea or other beverage food products in Korea, massive amounts of seeds and pericarp are remained as waste. This study aimed to exploit the processed remnant of Citron for developing functional cosmetic applications. Ethanol extracts of Yuza seed and pericarp did not show significant radical scavenging activities measured by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. But they contained significantly high phenolic compounds. Cultured human dermal fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes were irradiated with 25 mJ UVB and the citron extracts were added to the medium of each culture. Cellular damages caused by UVB irradiation were prevented by the addition of the Yuza extract. In addition, the reduction of the enhanced MMP-1 expression after irradiation of UVB in human dermal fibroblasts was observed. Also the increased level of pro-inflammtory TNF-$\alpha$ in the UVB irradiated HaCaT cells was decreased. The collagen expression was enhanced by the extract. Yuza extract markedly inhibited melanin production from $\alpha$-MSH treated B16F1 melanoma cells. Melanin assay, tyrosinase zymography results indicated that Yuza extract had strong depigmenting activity. In conclusion, Yuza ethanol extracts have good anti-photoaging and strong anti-melanogenic efficacies.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.289-295
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• 2017

A. koreanum was investigated to identify the constituents possessing whitening effects. As anti-melanogenesis activities were screened for the ethanol extract and solvent fractions, n-hexane (Hex) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions showed the most potent activities. Three constituents were isolated from the n-Hex fraction of A. koreanum; kaurenoic acid (1), $16{\alpha}$-hydro-17-isovaleroyloxy-ent-kauran-19-oicacid (2), $16{\alpha}$-hydroxy-17-isovaleroyl-oxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (3). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on the spectroscopic data including $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectra, as well as comparison of the data to the literature values. Whitening effects were studied for the isolated compounds. Upon the anti-melanogenesis test using ${\alpha}-MSH$ stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells, the compounds 1, 2 and 3 inhibited the cellular melanogenesis and intracellular tyrosinase activities effectively. Based on these results, A. koreanum stems extract could be potentially applicable as whitening ingredients in cosmetic formulations.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1988.08a
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• pp.115-121
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• 1988

Although Saponin A from Panax ginseng has previously been shown to inhibit carageenin induced edema. a paucity of information exists on the effects of components from ginseng on the cellular inflammatory response. specifically polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function. The purpose of this study was 10 determine the effects of isolated neutral dammarane saponins from ginseng (i.e..glycosidic derivatives of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol [ginsenoside $Rb_1,\;Rb_2$ and Rc] and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol [ginsenosides Re and $Rg_1$]) on in vivo PMNL function and to compare their effects with those produced by a steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (dexamethasone) and commercially available saponin. Dexamethasone. the ginsenosides and saponin were all shown to he potent inhibitors of PMNL chemotaxis using the $^{51}Cr$ assay with $5{\times}10^{-8}M$ f-met-leu-phe [FMLP] as the chemoattractant. Inhibition or PMNL chemotaxis by dexamethasone. the ginsenosides and saponin were all shown to be both time-and dose-dependent and these agents did not affect cellular viability at the concentrations tested Saponin and the ginsenosides were more potent inhibitors of chemotaxis than was dexamethasone. while oxidant generation (as measured by the luminol-enhaneed chemil-uminescence of PMNL using FMNL $[10^{-6}]$ as the stimulus) was inhibited by dexamethasone. the ginsenosides $(Rb_1\;Rb_2\;Rc\;Re\;and\;Rg_1)$ and saponin at a concentration of 1 ${\mu}M$ had no significant effect on PMNL chemiluminescence. Thus. the neutral dammarane saponins are potentially important modulators or PMNL function and their inhibitory effects may he differentiated from those of the Steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2009

We have measured the spatiotemporal behavior for the density of excited Xe atoms in the $1s_5$ metastable states by laser absorption spectroscopy in accordance with various shapes of ITO electrode. The maximum density of excited Xe atoms in the Is5 state in a discharge cell for fish-boned, T-shaped and squared ITO electrodes has been measured to be $3.01{\times}10^{13}\;cm^{-3}$, $2.66{\times}10^{13}\;cm^{-3}$ and $2.06{\times}10^{13}\;cm^{-3}$, respectively. Throughout this experiment, we could understand the influence of the shapes of ITO electrode of micro discharge cell on the high efficiency of AC-PDPs.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.43-48
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop an earth leakage alarm circuit breaker, equipped with a leakage alarming function (JER-E2S, ETECKOREA Co., Korea), and to analyze its characteristics. The developed mechanism is exclusively used for single-phase and 220 V circuits, with a rated current of 32 A, 20 A, 20 A (for restrooms), 16 A, etc. It satisfies all characteristics of existing earth leakage circuit breakers (ELB). If a fire current, which is a resistive leakage current (Igr), flows through an electric line, the device detects the leakage current in real time and warns against the leakage through a blinking LED lamp. Since the developed device displays a tolerance to a capacitative leakage current (Igc) that inevitably occurs in LED lamps, communication devices, etc., it ensures a stable power supply. In addition, the earth leakage alarm circuit breaker protects against power failure due to a momentary ground fault. Therefore, it can supply power without the risk of the circuit breaker malfunctioning due to a momentary ground fault caused by water droplets, leaves, etc. Moreover, with a standby power of less than 0.1 W, the developed earth leakage alarm circuit breaker exhibits a power saving performance that is 3~8 times greater than that of other ELBs. Installation of approximately 10 earth leakage alarm circuit breakers in one apartment household, with an area of 120 ㎡, can save 2~5 kWh per month. Therefore, the developed earth leakage alarm breaker not only satisfies the characteristics of existing earth leakage breakers, but also exhibits outstanding power supply quality since it has the functions of electric fire prevention and malfunction prevention. Therefore, this device can innovatively contribute to electric fire prevention.