장티브스에 관한 임상적 관찰 (Clinical review of Typhoid Fever Patients)
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- 대한간호학회지
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- 제6권1호
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- pp.60-71
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- 1976
The author reviewed the medical records of 96 typhoid fever patients who were diagnosed, admitted, and treated at Sea grave Memorial Hospital from January 1 , 1973 through August 31, 1975. Diagnosis was determined by clinical observation, aerology and bacteriology, eighty patients were treated medically, the remaining 16 patients required surgical intervention. The following results were obtained: 1) The age distribution of the patients revealed that 33.3% wert between 10 and 19 years old 21.9% were between 20 and 29, and 19.8% were between 30 and 39. The majority of patients were from these more active age groups. Male to female sex ratio was 1.3 : 1 2) Seasonal distribution was observed. Most illness occurred in the summer and autumn month 5. 3) 84. 3%of the patients came from farm families. 4) Duration between onset and admission averaged 16.0 days. The group without compilations was admitted after an average of 15. 1 days; The group with complications was ad-matted after an average of 19.4 days. 5) Methods of treatment before admission were as follows: 10.4% at medical clinics, 61, 5% at pharmacies (antibiotics 47.9%, other. drugs 13.5%), 7.3% by herb medications, 20.8% had no treatment. 6) Main clinical symptoms were as follows: fever 93.8%, headache 47.9%, abdominal pain 47.9%, chills 38.5%, cough 36.5%, general weakness 26.0%, nausea e vomiting 24.0% and generalized pain 21.9%. 7) Temperature of patients on admission: 22.9% were 39f or more, 67.6% were between 37℃ and 38℃, and 9.4% were 37℃ or less. 8) Occurrence of intensional bleeding after onset of disease averaged 9.3 days; perforation occurred at an average of 19. 1 days. 9) Interval between onset of major complication and surgical intervention averaged 2.8 days. 10) Among the 68 patients who underwent the bacteriological test the positive rate was 44.1% (30). The positive ,ales to, each separate culture method were as follows: 20.4% in the blood culture, 40.4% in the stool culture and 6.7% in the urine culture. Among these bacteriological positive patients 15 patients had a negative results or less than 160 titer of vidal reaction. 11) The initial vidal test of the total group showed a counts of 160 titer or more in 60.4% and less than 160 titer in 39.6%, 12) W. B. C. Counts in the uncomplicated group indicated that 32.5% were 6,000/㎣ or less, 47.5% were between 6,000 and 10,000, arid 20.0% were 10,000/㎣ or more. In the complicated group, 37.6% were 6,000/㎣ or less, 25,0% were 6,000-10,000/㎣ and 37.6% were 10,000/㎣ or more. 13) Duration of hospital stay of the patients averaged 6.4 days in the uncomplicated group and 12.7 days in the complicated group. 14) Subdiaphragmatic free air simple X-ray was found in 91.7% of the perforated cases. 15) Duration of antibiotic therapy until an febrile state was attained averaged 4.8 days in the uncomplicated group and 6.5 days in the complicated group. 16) Operative procedures were as follows: one layer simple closure of their perforation with or without debasement in 56.3%, drainage only in 6.3%, small bowel resection with primary anastomosis in 18.8% , externalization in 6.3%, cholecystectomy in 6.3%, The clinical findings of this study suggest the following recommendations. According to Top's report; 1% of typhoid fever patients treated with chlorarnphenicol and 2% of patients treated with other drugs become chronic carriers. Therefore, importance should be given to the strict control of these carriers. Immunization, improvement of sanitation and living standards are all needed for the prevention and treatment of disease, but a more serious problem is a lack of knowledge on the part of patients and their families. Thus it is most urgent to enlighten the citizens about the transmission and hygiene related to contagious disease. Legal restriction of sale of antibiotics at drug stores without a physician's prescription is an urgent matter for public health administrators. An even more important nursing responsibility is the reemphasis on health education both in the clinical setting and in the home.
세 개의 서로 다른 사암 샘플들 -두 개의 합성 샘플과 한 개의 현장 샘플- 에 대해 현장 저류층의 대표적인 구속압력과 공극압력하에서 초음파 시험이 수행되었다. 세가지 사암 샘플들은 (a) 캘사이트 시멘트(calcite intergranula. cement (CIPS))로 만든 합성사암, (b) 실리카 시멘트(silica intergranular cement)로 만든 합성 사암 (c) Otway Basin 의 Boggy Creek 1 시추공에서 시도되는
멜라닌 색소는 피부를 보호하는 긍정적인 면을 갖고 있으나 이의 과잉생성은 기미, 주근깨, 피부 반점 등을 유발하며 멜라닌 전구물질의 독성으로 인한 세포의 사멸 및 피부암 생성이 촉진되기도 한다. 이에 적하수오와 백하수오가 멜라닌 세포의 멜라닌화에 관여하는지를 알아보기 위하여 각각의 에탄올 추출물이 tyrosinase 효소활성 및 멜라닌 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 하수오와 백하수오의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 각각 17.31
This study is aiming at identifying the foreward and backward lingkage effects of the farm land base development project. Korean Government has continuously carried out farmland base development projets including the integrated agricultural development projects. large and medium scale irrigation projects and the comprehensive development of the four big river basin including tidal land reclamation and estuary dam construction for the all weather farming since 1962. the starting year of the five year economic development plans. Consequently the irrigation rate of paddy fields in Korea reached to 75% in 1998 and to escalate the irrigation rate, the Government had procured heavy investment fund from IBRD. IMF and OECF etc. To cope with the agricultural problems like trade liberalization in accordance with WTO policy, the government has tried to solve such problems as new farmland base development policy, preservation of the farmland and expansion of farmland to meet self-sufficiency of foods in the future. Especially, farmland base development projects have been challanged to environmental and ecological problems in evaluating economic benefits and costs where the value of non-market goods have not been included in those. Up to data, in evaluating benefits and costs of the projects, farmland base development projects have been confined to direct incremental value of farm products and it's related costs. Therefore the projects'efficiency as a decision making criteria has shown the low level of economic efficiencies. In estimating economic efficiencies including Leontiefs input-output analysis of the projects could not be founded in Korea at present. Accordingly this study is aimed at achieving and identifying the following objectives. (1) To identify the problems related to the financial supports of the Government in implementing the proposed projects. (2) To estimated backward and foreward linkage effects of the proposed project from the view point of national economy as a whole. To achieve the objectives, Hwangrak benefited area with reservoir which is located in Seosan-haemi Disticts, Chungnam Province were selected as a case study. The main results of the study are summarized as follows : a. The present value of investment and O & M cost were amounted to 3,510million won and the present value of the value added in related industries was estimated at 5.913million won for the period of economic life of 70 years. b. The total discounted value of farm products in the concerned industries derived by the project was estimated at 10,495million won and the foreward and backward linkage effects of the project were amounted to 6,760 and 5,126million won respectively. c. The total number of employment opportunities derived from the related industries for the period of project life were 3,136 man/year. d. Farmland base development projects were showed that the backward linkage effects estimated by index of the sensitivity dispersion were larger than the forward linkage effect estimated by index of the power of dispersion. On the other hand, the forward linkage effect of rice production value during project life was larger than the backward linkage effect e. The rate of creation of new job opportunity by means of implementing civil engineering works were shown high in itself rather than any other fields. and the linkage effects of production of the project investment were mainly derived from the metal and non-metal fields. f. According to the industrial linkage effect analysis, farmland base development projects were identified economically feasible from the view point of national economy as a whole even though the economic efficiencies of the project was outstandingly decreased owing to delaying construction period and increasing project costs.
1977년(年)에 충남대학교(忠南大學校) 농과대학(農科大學)에서 수집(蒐集)한 재래종(在來種) 옥수수 육종(育種)에 이용(利用)될 수 있는 새로운 육종재료(育種材料)를 유지(維持)하고 또 찾기 위해 충남대학(忠南大學) 포장(圃場)과 농촌진흥청(農村振興聽) 작물시험장(作物試驗場) 포장(圃場)에 파종(播種)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 편의상(便宜上) 실제(實際)로 옥수수 육종(育種)에 응용(應用)할 수 있는 응용면(應用面)과 장차 기초연구(基礎硏究)를 위해 필요(必要)하다고 생각되는 학술면(學術面) 그리고 재래종(在來種) 전반(全般)에 걸친 유전적(遺傳的) 정보(情報)로 나누어 요약(要約)하고자 한다. A. 응용면(應用面) 1. 근래(近來)에 정부(政府)에서 도입(導入) 장려하고 있는 재래종(在來種)(마치종(馬齒種))에 피해(被害)를 주는 흑조위축병(黑條萎縮病)에 내병성(耐病性)인 계통(系統)이 확인(確認)되었다. 2. 곡실(穀實)의 다수(多收)와 싸이레지용(用)으로 이용(利用)할 수 있다고 보이는 다수성(多穗性) (Prolific type) 옥수수 계통(系統)과 분지성(分枝性) 옥수수 계통(系統)이 확보(確保)되었다. 3. 여러 유형(類型)의 찰옥수수 계통(系統)이 확인(確認)되었다. (현재(現在) 작물시험장(作物試驗場)에서 연구중(硏究中)임). 4. 또 여러 유형(類型)의 폭열종(爆裂種) 옥수수가 확인(確認)되었다. 5. 웅수출현기(雄穗出現期)에 있어서도 많은 변이(變異)를 보여주어 웅수출현(雄穗出現)을 조절(調節)할 수 있는 육종재료(育種材料)가 확보(確保)되었다. 6. 고단백질(高蛋白質) 옥수수를 육종(育種)할 수 있는 육종재료(育種材料)가 확보(確保)되었다. B. 기초학술면(基礎學術面) 1. 새로운 sugary인자(因子)의 표현형(表現型)이 관찰(觀察)되었다. 2. 새로운 opaque인자(因子)의 표현형(表現型)이 관찰(觀察)되었다. 3. 새로운 웅수불임계통(雄穗不稔系統)이 관찰(觀察)되었다. 4. 다수성(多穗性) 계통(系統)이 관찰(觀察)되었다. 5. 다지성(多枝性) 계통(系統)이 관찰(觀察)되었다. 6. 내흑조위축병(耐黑條萎縮病) 계통(系統)이 관찰(觀察)되었다. 7. 폭열종(爆裂種) 계통(系統)이 관찰(觀察)되었다. 8. 웅수출현(雄穗出現)에 있어서 환경(環境)에 예민(銳敏)한 계통(系統)과 둔(鈍)한 계통(系統)이 관찰(觀察)되었다. C. 재래종(在來種)의 유전적(遺傳的) 정보(情報) 간장(稈長), 100립종(粒種)에 대(對)하여 자식열세(自殖劣勢) 잡종강세현상(雜種强勢現像)을 분석(分析)하였던 바. 1. 대부분(大部分)의 수집재래종(蒐集在來種) (강원도(江原道) 등 산간지역(山間地域) 주민(住民) 제외(除外))들이 동형접합체화(同型接合體化) 되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 2. 간장(稈長)에 대(對)한 자식열세현상(自殖劣勢現像)은 평균(平均) 6%로서 거의 모든 계통(系統)이 자식열세현상(自殖劣勢現像)을 보였으며 아울러 잡종강세현상(雜種强勢現像)도 컸다(평균(平均) 40%). 그리고 이들 자식열세현상(自殖劣勢現像)과 잡종강세현상(雜種强勢現像)을 퍼센트로 표시(表示)할때에 계통(系統)들 간(間)에 큰 차이(差異)가 있었다. 3. 100립종(粒種)에 대(對)한 자식열세현상(自殖劣勢現像)은 평균(平均) 16%로서 간장(稈長)에 있어서와 같이 모든 계통(系統)들이 자식열세현상(自殖劣勢現像)을 보였다. 잡종강세현상(雜種强勢現像)에 있어서는 평균(平均) 43%로서 자식열세현상(自殖劣勢現像)에 비(比)하여 그 크기가 컸다. 100립종(粒種)에 대(對)한 자식계통(自殖系統)과 잡종강세현상(雜種强勢現像)에 대(對)한 계통간(系統間) 차이(差異)도 컸다.
1. 식품(食品) 섭취(攝取) 상태(狀態) 각(各) 지역별(地域別) 남녀(男女) 아동(兒童)의 전(全) 연령(年齡)을 통(通)한 1차(次) 및 2차(次) 조사(調査)의 1일(日) 1인당(人當) 평균(平均) 식품(食品) 섭취(攝取) 상태(狀態)는 다음과 같다. 1) 양구지역(楊口地域)의 아동(兒童)의 총(總) 식품(食品) 섭취량(攝取量)은
1. 연구배경 : 사상의학의 가장 중요한 요점은 체질진단이다. 그간 다양한 체질변증에 관한 연구가 있었지만 신체 각부의 형태학적인 연구, 특히 얼굴을 대상으로 한 연구는 거의 전무하였다. 저자들은 그 동안 전일적이고 직관적으로 표현된 동의수세보원의 형태적 묘사를 정량화하여 정리하고, 이 자료를 체질진단의 근거자료로 삼고자 하는 연구의 일환으로 먼저 두안부(頭顔部)의 형태를 태음인 소음인 소양인 별로 그 형상적 특징을 찾아내고자 하였다. 2. 방법 : 1995년 7월부터 1995년 12월까지 경희의료원 부속한방병원 외래환자 및 직원을 대상으로 설문지 및 임상적 치료 경과를 통하여 체질적 경향성이 뚜렷한 대상자를 선별하고 동일촬영 조건을 통하여 얻은 얼굴 사진 중 형태특이자를 제외한 170례의 고경(전두고외 26항목) 방사경(두최대장외 22항목) 및 폭경(안최대폭외 18항목)등 총 69항목을 측정한 후 이를 분석하여 체질별 상이점을 도출하였다. 3. 결과 : 체질별 두면부의 형태학적인 특징을 수치화하여 설명할 수 있게 되었고, 나아가 직관적이고 전일적인 형태를 구체화시킬 수 있는 특징을 도출할 수 있었다. 4. 결론 : 이상의 결과를 이용하여 체질별 각 부분의 형태를 계량화하여 비교 설명하고, 이를 이용하여 체질판별공식을 만들었다.
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70
IMF이후 경쟁의 심화와 적대적인 경영환경에 효과적으로 대응하고자 많은 호텔기업들이 구조조정을 실시해오고 있다. 이러한 구조조정은 인력감축을 동반하기 때문에 구조조정 과정에서 공정성을 지각하는데, 인력감축에서 살아남은 생존자들이 인력감축의 절차나 실무에서 불공정성을 지각할 때 상사에 대한 신뢰감이나 조직유효성을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 호텔기업을 대상으로 구조조정 이후 살아남은 생존자를 대상으로 정리해고의 공정성 지각이 경영진의 신뢰, 직무만족 및 조직몰입에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자 하는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 실증분석을 실시한 결과 잔류종업원들은 구조조정 과정에서 절차 공정성 및 분배 공정성을 높게 지각 할수록 경영진에 대한 신뢰감과 조직 몰입이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 구조조정 과정에서 절차 공정성을 높게 지각할수록 직무만족은 높아지는 것으로 나타났지만, 분배 공정성은 직무만족과는 인과관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 구조조정 과정에서의 경영진에 대한 신뢰감이 높아질수록 직무만족이나 조직몰입은 높아지는 것으로 나타났다.