• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.282-288
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• 2010

Surgery with the computer navigation system can make it possible to identify important anatomical structures which are difficult to be confirmed with the naked eye in the operation, and has extended their applications in various surgical fields. The head and neck surgery especially requires detailed anatomical knowledges and these knowledges have influences on postoperative functions and esthetics of a patient. In the orthognathic surgery, we should take osteotomies in the precise locations of the jawbones and move segments to the intended positions. There are so many important anatomical structures around the osteotomy-sites in the orthognathic surgery that the prevention of damage to these structures to obtain satisfactory results without any complication. There are vessels of the pterygoid plexus posterior to the pterygoid plate in the maxilla and the mandibular nerve enters the mandibluar foramen in the mandibular ramus. These locations should be confirmed perioperatively to avoid any injury to these structures. The navigation-assisted surgery may be helpful for this purpose. We performed navigational orthognathic surgeries with preoperative CT images and obtained satisfactory results. The osteotomy was performed in the proper location and damaging the surrounding important anatomical structures was avoided by keeping the saw away from them with the real-time navigation. It may be required to develop proper devices and protocols for the navigation-assisted orthognathic surgery.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2012

Students have to effectively get lots of knowledge and technique for practical education. Usability is one of the most important factors that have to be considered for user-centered design. Students who study design have to recognize the importance of usability and learn the method of problem solving considering usability. For this, the application of project-based and participatory learning for usability education was studied. Study team was organized including graduate, undergraduate, and high school students. Students team identified a research topic, and then studied the topic. Usability evaluation and design improvement was performed in this study. Students could learn usablity evaluation method and design method through the process.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of bio-signal devices for the diagnosis, assessment, and analysis of neurocognitive disorder in Korean medicine (KM) hospitals and clinics. Methods: A questionnaire was developed to survey the current status of medical device use, and diagnosis and interventions for patients with cognitive disorders in KM hospitals and clinics. November 11~December 2, 2019, 114 responses (71.9% completed) were collected by internet-based questionnaires from the members of the Korean society of Oriental Neuropsychiatry. Results: The clinical requests were in the descending order of hematology analyzer, ultrasound imaging system, and electroencephalography among the 15 most commonly used devices of which research would support for their clinical usability. The biosignal-based devices showed the highest research demands for patients with mild cognitive impairment rather than more severe stages of cognitive impairment. Prevention rather than diagnosis, or several treatment regimens was the strongest clinical area of the KM for patients with neurodegenerative cognitive impairment. Many responded that five to 10 minutes of test duration and 20,000 won to 30,000 won of cost would be appropriated for a new device to be developed. Conclusions: There were strong demands for the development of bio-signal devices for neurocognitive disorders among the KM doctors. Specifically, it showed high needs for the technology that can be used in the prevention area of cognitive disorders. Additionally, new medical devices to assess cognitive functions and to obtain KM pattern-related information were the high needs.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.127-135
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• 2017

Consumers tend to feel concern about disclosure of personal information and, at the same time, to avoid inconvenience of procedural complexity caused by the privacy protections. The purpose of current paper is to investigate relationships between opt-in procedural complexity and shopping behavior using smart phones, moderating by the amount of visual attentions using eyetrackers. Therefore, we created a virtual mobile Web-site in which the complexity of opt-in procedures in our experiment is manipulated and measured. Also, we measured the dwell-time of area of interest using SMI-RED 250 instrument for tracking the real eye movement. Results indicated that the levels of procedural complexity are related to repurchase, indicating a moderating effect of the amount of visual attentions. Finally, we discussed several theoretical and practical implications of management for mobile commerce.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.983-989
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• 2006

Current emigration and immigration control inspects passports by the naked eye, registers them by manual input, and compares them with items of database. In this paper, we propose the method to recognize information codes of passports. The proposed passport recognition method extracts character-rows of information codes by applying sobel operator, horizontal smearing, and contour tracking algorithm. The extracted letter-row regions is binarized. After a CDM mask is applied to them in order to recover the individual codes, the individual codes are extracted by applying vertical smearing. The recognizing of individual codes is performed by the RBF network whose hidden layer is applied by ART 2 algorithm and whose learning between the hidden layer and the output layer is applied by a generalized delta learning method. After a photo region is extracted from the reference of the starting point of the extracted character-rows of information codes, that region is verified by the information of luminance, edge, and hue. The verified photo region is certified by the classified features by the ART 2 algorithm. The comparing experiment with real passport images confirmed the good performance of the proposed method.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.152-161
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• 2013

This study is about the visual appreciation by sex with the analysis of time range of observing data which was got through observation experiment with the space of lobby in hospitals. The observation data of the subjects who observed the space include the frequency and time, through which the process of visual appreciation could be evaluated with the definition of the frequency and the time of observation. First, the fact that men had higher frequency of observation than women means the former had more movement than the latter, and another fact of their fewer times can be understood as the time of their staying was shorter. That is, even though the men had more movements of sight, they showed the feature of staying shorter. Second, the rate high and low of observation frequency and times made it possible for observation characteristics to be defined as 'intensive search' 'active search' 'fixed concentration' and 'search wandering.' The definition of understanding this process of visual appreciation can be available for a frame of effective analysis of observation characteristics according to the passage of time. Third, the intense search is the case of 'high frequency' having the feature of high visual appreciation owing to the active visual actions for acquiring information. Men were found to have more intense search which decreased gradually as time passed, while women showed the feature of many times of intense search. Fourth, it was found that with many observation data in a certain range of time the subjects had fixed concentration, where women were found to have repetitive fixed concentration along with the change of observation time while men were seen to have more observation tendency for fixed concentration. Fifth, at the cross tabulation of frequency and times, men had the feature of dispersed visual appreciation while women had more distinction between fixation and movement, which revealed that there is surely the difference between men and women in the process of visual appreciation.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.14B no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2007

This paper presents a study investigating the effects of VR learning style on user attention and memory. The study involved users performed the guided or unguided style learning in the virtual environment while user attention was measured through physiological sensors (EEG, ECG, and GSR) and an eye tracking system. The users experienced the five specific events in a virtual environment associated with different stimuli, while they were given more specific goals during the guided task whereas they were given more goal asking them to actively search for the interesting items during the unguided task. The subject's attentions workload, feelings, memories about VR experience were measured by using a variety of physiological sensors during the task, video analysis, and post test survey. The results showed that the unguided task followed by the guided task made a considerable learning effect by giving a preview effect to the user. Moreover, the guided task drew more user attention and mental workload than the unguided task did.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2014

This study has analyzed the scanning path algorithm shown at the process of exploring spatial information through an observation experiment with the object of lobby in subway station. In the estimation of observation time by section, the frequency of scanning type was found to increase as the observation time got longer, which makes it possible that the longer the observation lasts the more the observation interruptions occur. In addition, the observation slipped out of the range of imaging when any fatigue was caused from the observation or the more active exploration took place. Furthermore, when the trend line was employed for the examination of the changes to the scanning type by time section, "concentration" "diagonal or vertical" showed a sharp and a gentle increases along with the increase of time section respectively, while "circulation. combination, horizontal" showed a reduction. The observation data of the subjects observing a space include various visual information. The analysis of the scanning type found at "attention concentration" enabled to draw this significant conclusion. The features of increase and decrease of scanning types can be a fundamental data for understanding the scanning tendency by time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.660-668
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• 2016

In the $21^{st}$ century of digital information society, design is changing from an analog era that focuses on logical and rational knowledge to a new paradigm of an era focused on sensible communications that can react fast. Design becomes to fulfill sensible needs; moreover, full efforts are being made in the academic research of sensibility evaluation for the conceptualization, quantization, and visualization of design sensibilities based on the measurement and evaluation of sensibility. This study provides insight into a sensibility evaluation method to understand the global user's sensibility in the fashion design field. As for research methods, first, measurement methods of physical, psychological, and physiological reactions to design sensibility were examined through written research on sensibility evaluation in both domestic and overseas research. Next, studies on sensibility during the past 15 years from 2000 to 2014 in the field of domestic fashion design were analyzed to grasp research trends in sensibility evaluation methods; subsequently, suitable sensibility evaluation methods for current fashion design were discussed. As a result of the study, it was shown that most sensibility evaluation studies in the field of domestic fashion design are based on surveys using sensibility terms. However, it requires the process of translating among different terms in different lingual cultures and within the limits of a uniformed evaluation. In this regard, recent cases of overseas design studies have been applying new methods to measure physiological reactions such as eye tracking methods combined with IT. The analysis of multilateral sensibility evaluation methods in this study have significant meaning for use as basic data to establish a planning for an evaluation scale to measure the sensibility of global consumers towards modern fashion design more quantitatively.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.399-405
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• 2016

Head-Up Display, an information-providing display, is a device that provides necessary information through a vehicle window for a driver when driving, with which the driver secures the visibility and acquires information necessary for driving. Head-up displays in early days were mostly installed in imported vehicles but increasingly, being installed in medium and large-sized domestic vehicles, they secures convenience of driving and information acquirement. The information display element of each of currently released brand cars not only has limits in consistency and in displaying interface but also reveals the limitation of a way to apply GUI, being applied to dot reflective form in terms of the technology type. Accordingly, this study draws real time information element described as necessary during driving through case survey and analysis, and aims to provide a user with new GUI guideline through transparent display technology recently developed based on results analyzed with priority of POI(Point of Interest) information.