• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.32-40
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• 2007

Although many children with cerebral palsy have problems with their eye movements available data on its intervention is minimal. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the postural movement normalization and eye movement program on the oculomotor ability of children with cerebral palsy. Twenty-four children with cerebral palsy (12 male and 12 female), aged between 10 and 12, were invited to partake in this study. The subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: an experimental group received the postural movement normalization and eye movement program and a control group which received conventional therapy without the eye movement program. Each subject received intervention three times a week for twelve weeks. The final measurement was the ocular motor computerized test before and after treatment sessions through an independent assessor. Differences between the experimental group and control group were determined by assessing changes in oculomotor ability using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The changes of visual fixation (p<.01), saccadic eye movement (p<.01) and pursuit eye movement (p<.01) were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. These results show that the postural movement normalization and eye movement program may be helpful to treat children with cerebral palsy who lose normal physical and eye movement.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1768-1773
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• 2019

Background: Aging reduces cognitive abilities, including visual memory (VM) and visual discrimination (VD). Since common cortical networks subserve eye movement and attention, voluntary eye movement may improve visual attention. Visual selective attention was major role for memory, and visual memory and visual attention are intimately related. Objective: To identify the improvement in VD and VM, after implementing the eye movement program consisting of saccadic eye movement (SEM) and pursuit eye movement (PEM) in the institutionalized healthy elderly. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The study involved a sample of 36 participants, and the mean age was 79.03 years (range 76~84 years). They were randomly allocated to the experimental group (n=16) and control group (n=20). Participants in the experimental group performed SEM 5 times per week for 4 weeks: twice daily at the same time in the morning and afternoon. The program was carried out for 3 minutes, and it consisted of SEM and PEM. The target's moving frequency was set at 0.5 Hz. VM and VD at the baseline and post-intervention were measured using Motor-Free Visual Perception test-4 (MFVPT-4). Results: VM significantly improved in the experimental group (p < .01), and significant differences were observed compared to the control group (p < .01). There was no significant change in VD. Conclusion: The eye movement program consisting of SEM and PEM increased VM more than VD. Therefore, eye movement program was feasible interventions for improving VM in institutionalized elderly persons.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.249-254
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• 2013

This paper presented a mobile application program to help eye movement with mobile devices. It helps to strengthen ocular muscles and improve visual acuity. Users can easily access the program of eye movement type of app program in mobile devices. There were some papers which studied on the eye movement and showed efficient eye movement method for improvement of visual acuity. So here presents programming codes to help eye movement with some specific patterns from some papers and it was implemented by HTML, CSS and javascript. To convert web code to app code, appspresso tool was used.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2011

Background: To evaluate the influences of Eye movement program applied to elderly people on static balance. Methods: The subjects consisted of fourteen elderly people. The subjects were divided into two group. The control group (n=7) received no exercise and/or stimulation. The Eye movement program training (E/P) group (n=7) performed balance training using word card and batom. E/P group were accomplished during 4weeks (5 day/week, 60 min/day). All tests were completed before and after experiment. The static balance ability was measured by normal standing when eye open and close on good balance system, respectively. For each case, the experimental data were obtained in 3 item; mean X speed, mean Y speed and velocity moment. Results: The result of this study were as follows: 1. In E/P group, the statistically significants were shown on only mean Y speed in the case of normal standing when eye open (p<.05), but the statistically significants were not shown on mean X, Y speed and velocity moment in the case of normal standing when eye close (p>.05). 2. In control group, the statistically significants were not shown on all posture (p>.05). 3. There was a statistically significant difference on the mean Y speed and velocity moment in the case of normal standing when eye open between control group and E/P group (p<.05). Conclusions: The above results revealed that balance training using Eye movement program were partly effective for improving the static balance ability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.165-170
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop a program for analysis of eye movement on balance. Gain, phase and symmetry in eye movement were calculated automatically by softwere algorithm with C. It was concluded the algorithm established in this study will improve accuracy in evaluating balance function.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.274-278
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated changes in static balance during eye movement while in an upright standing position and compared static balance in elderly individuals according to age. Methods: A total of 154 elderly persons (male 23, female 136) were enrolled in the study. Participants followed an eye movement program that consisted of randomly occurring pursuit eye movement and saccadic eye movement. Participants were asked to remain in the double-leg standing position for 2 minutes 30 second while fixating their eyes on a specific target, after which they were instructed to perform eye movements for 2 minutes and 30 seconds. Static balance was measured in terms of the area, length, and average speed (cm/s) of the center of pressure (COP) displacement before and after eye movement intervention with the eyes open. Results: The area, length, and velocity of COP displacement improved significantly (p< 0.01) after intervention. No significant differences among age groups were observed. Conclusion: The results indicated that eye movement was an effective intervention for improving static balance in elderly persons.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.6 s.154
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• pp.992-1000
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• 2006

The main purpose of this research is to develop the methodology of objective evaluation of clothing appearance by eye movement analysis. The visual clothing items used in this study were skirt, one-piece, pants and shirt with the style variation of silhouette and details. By observing eye movement during visual evaluation of clothing, we can achieve the basic fixation data of eye movement. Moreover, we developed the Matlab program to extract the fixation coordinate and number of eye fixation on each part of the clothing item. As results, there were differences in the duration of fixation time for each item and the fixation time was not different by styles within a clothing item. However, we could find differences in the fixation time within a style, in other words, we could select the important parts of the clothing by observing the fixation time in a certain clothing item. It is also noted that time required in visual information processing differs depending on the item, and there was a region which contain more information independent with styles in the same item. By developing the objective method of visual evaluation that correspond to human's visual information processing, the results are expected to be applied in the retrieval program in internet shopping mall or in the development of contents for advertisement of clothing.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.201-202
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• 1998

In this paper we suggested an automated method for detecting and counting rapid eye movement(REM) using EOG during sleep. This method is formulated by two step fuzzy logic. At first step, the velocity and the distance of single channel eye movement are used for the fuzzy input to get the possibility of being REM at each EOG. At second step, the two possibility values of both EOG from the first step and the correlation coefficient of both eye movements are used for the fuzzy logic input, and the output is the final possibility of being Rapid Eye Movement. We applied this algorithm to the normal and narcoleptic sleep data and compared the difference. We found the possibility that the count of REM can be a parameter that has significant physiological meanings.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.185-197
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference between eye movements according to science achievement of elementary school students in observation situation. Science achievement was based on the results of national achievement test conducted in 2012, a random sampling of classes. As an assessment tool to check observation test, two observation measure problems from TSPS (Test of Science Process Skill; developed in 1994) suitable for eye tracking system are adopted. The subjects of this study were twenty students of sixth grade who agreed to participate in the research. SMI (SensoMotoric Instruments)' iView $X^{TM}$ RED was used to collect eye movement data and Experiment 3.1 and BeGaze 3.1 program were used to plan and analyze experiment. As a result, eye movements in observation test varied greatly in fixation duration, frequency, saccade, saccade velocity and eye blink according to students' science achievement. Based on the result of eye movements analysis, heuristic search eye movement was discussed as an alternative to improve underachievers' science achievement.

• 전기의세계
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.87-90
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• 1977

Various simulation techniques were developed in the modeling of biological system during the last decades. Mostly analog and hybrid simulation techniques have been used. The authors chose the Digital Analog Simulation (DAS) technique by using the MIMIC language to simulate the saccadic eye movement system performances on the digital computer. There have been various models presented by many investigators after Young & Stark's sampled-data model. The eye movement model chosen by the authors is Robinson's model III which shows the parallel information processing characteristics clearly to the double-step input stimuli. In the process of simulation, the parameter and constants used were based on the neurophysiological data of the human and animals. The analog model blocks were converted to the corresponding MIMIC block diagrams and programmed into the MIMIC statements. The program was run on the CDC Cyber 72-14 computer. The essential input stimulus was double-step of 5 and 10 degrees, and target durations chosen were 50,100 and 150 msec. The results obtained by the DAS technqiue were in good agreement with analog simulation carried out by other investigators as well as with the experimental human saccadic eye movement responses to double-step target movements.