• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

In the field of biometric security such as face and iris recognition, it is essential to extract facial features such as eyes and lips. In this paper, we have studied a method of detecting eye and lip region in face image using faster R-CNN. The faster R-CNN is an object detection method using deep running and is well known to have superior performance compared to the conventional feature-based method. In this paper, feature maps are extracted by applying convolution, linear rectification process, and max pooling process to facial images in order. The RPN(region proposal network) is learned using the feature map to detect the region proposal. Then, eye and lip detector are learned by using the region proposal and feature map. In order to examine the performance of the proposed method, we experimented with 800 face images of Korean men and women. We used 480 images for the learning phase and 320 images for the test one. Computer simulation showed that the average precision of eye and lip region detection for 50 epoch cases is 97.7% and 91.0%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.714-720
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• 2004

In detecting human faces in color images, additional geometric computation is often necessary for validating the face-candidate regions having various forms. In this paper, we propose a method that detects the facial features using chrominance components of color which do not affected by face occlusion and orientation. The proposed algorithm uses the property that the Cb and Cr components have consistent differences around the facial features, especially eye-area. We designed the Mean-Gray Morphology operator to emphasize the feature areas in the eye-map image which generated by basic chrominance differences. Experimental results show that this method can detect the facial features under various face candidate regions effectively.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.18B no.5
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• pp.255-264
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a forward vehicle detection algorithm using column detection and bird's-eye view mapping based on stereo vision. The algorithm can detect forward vehicles robustly in real complex traffic situations. The algorithm consists of the three steps, namely road feature-based column detection, bird's-eye view mapping-based obstacle segmentation, obstacle area remerging and vehicle verification. First, we extract a road feature using maximum frequent values in v-disparity map. And we perform a column detection using the road feature as a new criterion. The road feature is more appropriate criterion than the median value because it is not affected by a road traffic situation, for example the changing of obstacle size or the number of obstacles. But there are still multiple obstacles in the obstacle areas. Thus, we perform a bird's-eye view mapping-based obstacle segmentation to divide obstacle accurately. We can segment obstacle easily because a bird's-eye view mapping can represent the position of obstacle on planar plane using depth map and camera information. Additionally, we perform obstacle area remerging processing because a segmented obstacle area may be same obstacle. Finally, we verify the obstacles whether those are vehicles or not using a depth map and gray image. We conduct experiments to prove the vehicle detection performance by applying our algorithm to real complex traffic situations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.801-804
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• 2008

During face recognition process, face detection process is most preceding process. However, face has very high floating property, so the result could be very different according to which method we used. This paper studies about eye detection and eye blinking verification using edge and color information from YCbCr distribution map, segmentation, and labeling methods.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.524-529
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• 2020

We propose a depth-fused-type three-dimensional (3D) near-eye display implemented using a birefringent lens set that is made of calcite. By using a birefringent lens and image source (28.70 mm × 21.52 mm), which has different focal lengths according to the polarization state of the incident light, the proposed system can present depth-fused three-dimensional images at 4.6 degrees of field of view (FOV) within 1.6 Diopter (D) to 0.4 D, depending on the polarization distributed depth map. The proposed method can be applied to near-eye displays like head-mounted display systems, for a more natural 3D image without vergence-accommodation conflict.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.231-236
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• 2016

Currently, a traffic monitoring service using a surveillance camera is provided through internet. In general, if the user points a certain location on a map, then this service shows the real-time image of the camera where it is mounted. In this paper, we proposed the intuitive surveillance monitoring system which displays a real-time camera image on the map by warping with bird's-eye view and with the top of image as the north. In order to robustly estimate the road plane using camera image, we used the motion vectors which can be detected to changes in brightness. We applied a re-adjustment process to have the same directivity with a map and presented a user-friendly interface that can be displayed on the map. In the experiment, the proposed method was presented as the result of warping image that the user can easily perceive like a map.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.9
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• pp.113-127
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• 2012

Face detection methods using image processing have been proposed in many different ways. Generally, the most widely used method for face detection is an Adaboost that is proposed by Viola and Jones. This method uses Haar-like feature for image learning, and the detection performance depends on the learned images. It is well performed to detect face images within a certain distance range, but if the image is far away from the camera, face images become so small that may not detect them with the pre-learned Haar-like feature of the face image. In this paper, we propose the far distance face detection method that combine the Aadaboost of Viola-Jones with a saliency map and user's attention information. Saliency Map is used to select the candidate face images in the input image, face images are finally detected among the candidated regions using the Adaboost with Haar-like feature learned in advance. And the user's eye-tracking information is used to select the interest regions. When a subject is so far away from the camera that it is difficult to detect the face image, we expand the small eye gaze spot region using linear interpolation method and reuse that as input image and can increase the face image detection performance. We confirmed the proposed model has better results than the conventional Adaboost in terms of face image detection performance and computational time.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.171-183
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• 2001

Objective : To study the effects and merits of the Yanzhen Therapy(眼針療法), Method : We researched through studying 28 kinds of literature. Result : 1. The Division of Eye Region(眼區分劃), the Position of Yanxue(眼穴定位) and the mutual connection with Internal Organ(臟腑) during the Yanzhen Therapy(眼鍼療法) were made according to Huata's Thesis, and were made by combining Neijing(內經) Theory about eyes, Yinyang and Five Elements(陰陽五行) Theory, Meridian & Zang-Xiang Theory(經絡臟象學說), the Five Circles & Eight Regions(五輪八廓學說) Theory, and the Zhouyi Eight Diagrams(周易八卦) Theory. 2. The assignment between the Internal Organ and Eye-Division(眼區分劃) was formed on the basis of the Five-Circles and Eight-Regions Theory in Ophthalmology(眼科五輪八廓學說) of Zhengzhizhunsheng(證治準繩). 3. The Assignment(排列) & Position(方位) of the Congenital Eight Diagram(先天八卦) and the Acquired Eight Diagram(後天八卦) have influenced the Division of Eight Eye Region(眼鍼八區) and the Position of Yanxue(眼穴定位) significantly. 4. It showed no difference with the Map of Eye Position of Eight-Division(八廓眼位圖) like as Shenshiyaohan(審視瑤函), Yinhaizhinan(銀海指南) and Sanzijing of Ophthalmology(眼科三字經). Conclusion : While combining organically with other methods of acupuncture, the Yanzhen Therapy(眼鍼療法) may have better clinical effectiveness, and is also expect to expand the clinical indication.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.443-450
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• 2014

To fulfill the recent increasement in the public and private demands for various spatial data, the central and local governments started to produce those data. The low-level land cover map has been produced since 2000, yet the production of high-level land covered map has started later in 2010, and recently, a few regions was completed recently. Although many studies have been carried to improve the quality of land that covered in the map, most of them have been focused on the low-level and mid-level classifications. For that reason, the study for high-level classification is still insufficient. Therefore, in this study, we suggested the automatic extraction of land readjustment for paddy land that updated in the mid-level land mapping. At the study, the RapidEye satellite images, which consider efficient to apply in the agricultural field, were used, and the high pass filtering emphasized the outline of paddy field. Also, the binary images of the paddy outlines were generated from the Otsu thresholding. The boundary information of paddy field was extracted from the image-to-map registrations and masking of paddy land cover. Lastly, the snapped edges were linked, as well as the linear features of paddy outlines were extracted by the regional Hough line extraction. The start and end points that were close to each other were linked to complete the paddy field outlines. In fact, the boundary of readjusted paddy fields was able to be extracted efficiently. We could conclude in that this study contributed to the automatic production of a high-level land cover map for paddy fields.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.210-221
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the content knowledge and problem solving process used by pre-service earth science teachers while discriminating faults on geological maps. For this, we collected and evaluated data on fixation duration and gaze plot, while pre-service earth science teachers (N=12) solved the problem on faults interpretation using an eye tracker (Tobii Pro Glass 2 model). The results were as follows. First, most of the pre-service earth science teachers know the concepts of the normal and reverse fault but they do not know the procedural knowledge essential for fault interpretation on geological maps. Second, the pre-service earth science teachers did not draw a geological cross-sectional map to interpret the fault on the geological map and interpreted the fault based on two-dimensional information collected from the geological map rather than three-dimensional information. Therefore, it is essential to improve the teaching and learning environment so that pre-service earth science teachers who will become earth science teachers in the future can learn procedural knowledge essential to comprehend natural phenomena including understanding natural phenomena. The results of this study can substantially help organize a new earth science curriculum or develop materials on teachers' education in the future.