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A Clinical Study of Facial Bone Fractures of Koreans at Yonsei Medical Center for the last 6 years (최근 6년간 연세의료원에서 경험한 한국인 안면골 골절에 대한 임상적 연구)

  • Park, Hyung-Sik;Lee, Eui-Wung;Yoon, Jung-Ho;Lee, Choong-Kook;Kwon, Jun-Ho;Min, Woo-Seok
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.21-31
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    • 1989
  • This is a series of continuing research on facial bone fractures of Koreans worked by Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Dental College of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, since 1972. The study was based on a series of 630 patients with facial bone fractures treated as in-patient at Yonsei Medical Center, Yonsei University, during the period of Jan., 1982 through Dec., 1987. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The ratio of Men to Women was 4.3 : 1, and admissions for facial bone fractures have been increased year after 1984. 2. The age frequency was highest in the third decade(38.3%), and fourth, second, fifth decade in orders. 3. The traffic accident was the most frequent cause of facial bone fractures (51.3%). 4. The most common location of facial bone fractures was the Mandible(35.3%), and Zygoma complex(29.8%), Nasal bone(15.0%), Maxilla(11.0%) were next in order of frequency. 5. In 291 patients of Mandible fractures, 226(77.7%) had fractures only in Mandible and 65(22.3%) had another facial bone fractures. The most frequent fracture site of Mandible was the Symphysis(43.0%) and Angle(22.4%), and Simple fracture was the most frequent in type of fracture(66.9%). Intermaxillary fixatin & Open reduction was major method of treatment(36.9%). 6. In 394 patients of Midface fractures 323)82.0%) had fractures only in Midface and 71(18.0%) had another facial bone fractures. The most frequent site of Midface fractures was zygoma complex & zygomatic arch(42.7%), and Simple fracture was the most common type of fractures. Observation(Maxilla :44.2%, Zygoma :51.0%) and Open Reduction(Maxilla :20.0%. Zygoma :23.5%) were the major method of treatment. 7. The frequency of Nasal bone fracture was about 1/5 of Midface fractures, and Closed Reduction(45.2%) was the major method of treatment. 8. The complication was reported in only 16 patients, and Malunion was the major complication. 9. Head(44.4%), Lower extrimities(14.5%) and Eye(12.3%) were injured commonly with facial bone fractures. 10. The elapsed time from injury to hospital was within 24 hours in 73.8% of patients, however 15.5% of patients arrived the hospital 72 hours after injury.

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Fundamental Research of Preservation & Utility Facilities in Wetland Protected Area - 5 Wetland Protected Areas were Used as Main Subjects - (습지보호지역의 습지보전·이용시설 현황에 관한 기초 연구 - 5개 습지보호지역을 대상으로 -)

  • Cho, Dong-Gil;Park, Yong-Su;Shim, Yun-Jin;Lee, Ji-Hyun;Lee, Dong-Jin;Kim, Sang-Hyuk;Cha, Jin-Yeol;Park, Mi-Young;Song, Yu-jin;Nam, Chun-hee;Kim, Jong-cheol;Moon, Sang-kyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.25-43
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    • 2016
  • This research was completed to provide fundamental data regarding the guidelines to installing and managing utility facilities & structures in wetland protected area to advance the functions and sustainable use of ecology services by preserving the ecology within wetland protected area. There were 5 on-site researching areas that were used as the main subject with these areas chosen and considered from 21 inland wetlands that have been designated and are being managed from the Ministry of Environment and by their designated dates as a wetland protected area. The utility facilities in these wetland areas were categorized by their types and a detailed on-site investigation was proceeded with investigation items chosen whereas these facilities are working by their roles from their location, size, used materials, types, information contents and etc., The results showed that regarding informational structures, several locations of information boards were distanced from the main exploring routes which did not consider the visitor's eye level which had their readability dropped and by sunlight, time lapse and water penetration, many information boards were damaged or corrupted so that it was hard to confirm the information noticed or understanding an image. Insufficient observation and educational structures were installed that considered the ecological characteristics of wild animals and their living conditions. Regarding convenience facilities, there were parking lots that were installed on the fore-land and to decrease non-point solution sources, some parking lots needed to be located in protected lowlands while some facilities' shape and colors did not harmonize with their natural surroundings, creating a sense of awareness, which will need some more consideration. As for safety facilities, they were very insufficient compared to other facilities. This means that additional safety structures are needed so that related personnel can be aware of where a visitor is located when an accident occurs. Protectional facilities strongly needed new structures and a management system to cut off entrances and do surveillance so that visitors do not go into areas outside of the managed areas and bring damages to restricted locations. Research labs needed to expand the use of automatic weather systems and water gauge equipments to build fundamental data regarding floodgates that are intimated to the forming of wetlands. Sensor cameras and other types of monitoring systems are needed to monitor the majority types of animals living in the wetlands as well.

A System with Efficient Managing and Monitoring for Guidance Device (보행안내 기기의 효과적인 관리 및 모니터링을 위한 시스템)

  • Lee, Jin-Hee;Lee, Eun-Seok;Shin, Byeong-Seok
    • KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.187-194
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    • 2016
  • When performing experiments in indoor and outdoor environment, we need a system that monitors a volunteer to prevent dangerous situations and efficiently manages the data in real time. We developed a guidance device for visually impaired person that guides the user to walk safely to the destination in the previous study. We set a POI (Point of Interest) of a specific location indoors and outdoors and tracks the user's position and navigate the walking path using artificial markers and ZigBee modules as landmark. In addition, we develop path finding algorithm to be used for navigation in the guidance device. In the test bed, the volunteers are exposed to dangerous situations and can be an accident due to malfunction of the device since they are visually impaired person or normal person wearing a eye patch. Therefore the device requires a system that remotely monitors the volunteer wearing guidance device and manages indoor or outdoor a lot of map data. In this paper, we introduce a managing system that monitors the volunteers remotely and handles map data efficiently. We implement a management system which can monitor the volunteer in order to prevent a hazardous situation and effectively manage large amounts of data. In addition, we verified the effectiveness of the proposed system through various experiments.

Uncoupling Protein 3 in the Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Sequence, Splicing Variants, and Association with the AvaIII SINE element

  • Kim, Soon-Hag;Choi, Cheol-Young;Hwang, Joo-Yeon;Kim, Young-Youl;Park, Chan;Oh, Berm-Seok;Kimm, Ku-Chan;Scott A. Gahr;Sohn, Young-Chang
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2004
  • A rainbow trout uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) cDNA clone, encoding a 310 amino acid protein, was cloned and sequenced from a liver cDNA library. Two different splice variants designated UCP3-vl and UCP3-v2, were identified through liver cDNA library screening using rainbow trout UCP3 cDNA clone as a probe. UCP3-vl has 3 insertions in the UCP3 cDNA: the first insertion (133 bp), the second (141 bp), and the third (370 bp) were located 126 bp, 334 bp and 532 bp downstream from the start codon, respectively. UCP3-v2 contained a single insertion, identical in sequence and location to the second insertion of UCP3-vl. UCP3, a mitochondrial protein, functions to modulate the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. UCP3 has been detected from heart, testis, spinal cord, eye, retina, colon, muscle, brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue in mammalian animals. Human and rodent UCP3s are highly expressed in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue, while they show weak expression of UCP3 in heart and white adipose tissue. In contrast to mammalian studies, RT-PCR and Southern blot analysis of the rainbow trout demonstrated that UCP3 is strongly expressed in liver and heart. UCP3, UCP3-vl, and UCP3-v2 all contain an Ava III short interspersed element (SINE), located in the 3'untraslated region (UTR). PCR using primers from the Ava III SINE and the UCP3 3'UTR region indicates that the UCP3 cDNA is structurally conserved among salmonids and that these primers may be useful for salmonid species genotyping.

A Hybrid Approach of Efficient Facial Feature Detection and Tracking for Real-time Face Direction Estimation (실시간 얼굴 방향성 추정을 위한 효율적인 얼굴 특성 검출과 추적의 결합방법)

  • Kim, Woonggi;Chun, Junchul
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.117-124
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    • 2013
  • In this paper, we present a new method which efficiently estimates a face direction from a sequences of input video images in real time fashion. For this work, the proposed method performs detecting the facial region and major facial features such as both eyes, nose and mouth by using the Haar-like feature, which is relatively not sensitive against light variation, from the detected facial area. Then, it becomes able to track the feature points from every frame using optical flow in real time fashion, and determine the direction of the face based on the feature points tracked. Further, in order to prevent the erroneously recognizing the false positions of the facial features when if the coordinates of the features are lost during the tracking by using optical flow, the proposed method determines the validity of locations of the facial features using the template matching of detected facial features in real time. Depending on the correlation rate of re-considering the detection of the features by the template matching, the face direction estimation process is divided into detecting the facial features again or tracking features while determining the direction of the face. The template matching initially saves the location information of 4 facial features such as the left and right eye, the end of nose and mouse in facial feature detection phase and reevaluated these information when the similarity measure between the stored information and the traced facial information by optical flow is exceed a certain level of threshold by detecting the new facial features from the input image. The proposed approach automatically combines the phase of detecting facial features and the phase of tracking features reciprocally and enables to estimate face pose stably in a real-time fashion. From the experiment, we can prove that the proposed method efficiently estimates face direction.

A Study of the Personal Ornaments and Make-up of Maroccan (모로코인(人)의 장신구(裝身具)와 화장(化粧)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Soon-Hong
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.15-34
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    • 2001
  • Ornaments are accessories for the decoration of the body or dress. They aren't unavoidably required one, but serve to make one's dress perfect as decorative industrial art objects. In Morocco, ornaments were initially used as a sign of social position or the class or an incantatory symbol. In effect, they were originally employed to adjust one's dress, not just for decoration, and they were of use for household economy. Gold, silver and handcraft available for exchange were a means of increasing one's property and an indication of social standing and wealth. In particular, the dress and jewelry of a bride was a measure of her family's wealth, regarded as a symbol of her chastity and value. The ornaments symbolically back up people's faith in supernatural power, and their real value is based on implicit form or way of decoration, not the external shape. Specifically, there is a tendency to use the form of animal as a protector, not one to frighten people. In the artistic tradition of Morocco, fish pattern stands for water and rain, and eagle and bird are considered to be related to fate. Scorpion and lizard are depicted as an inquirer of sun, and snake is a symbol of abundance and sexual instinct, being viewed to have an ability to cure disease. Turtle pattern is a symbol of saint because it protects one from the evil. The ornaments are made of gold, silver, amber, clam, garnet, glass, nielle, enamel, glaze, coral or tree, and symbolic patterns are used, including hand(a symbol of five numerals), turtle, lizard, scorpion, eye, triangle, bird and eggs. They are very big and diverse, being categorized into ornaments for the head or the chest, neckless, fibula, earring, bracelet and ring. For Moroccans, make-up is a sort of instinctive behavior to meet aesthetic and sexual desire. They also wear make-up for practical purpose of protection, intentionally inflict a wound on the skin for ceremonial or religious purpose, paint the skin with pigment, or have the part of the body tattooed for incantatory purpose. All this actions are regarded as make-up. The raw material of cosmetics is aker, a vegetable dye. They get the lips or cheeks turn red and paint eyebrows with yellow saffran powder to have a bad devil lose its strength. Tattooing is mainly done by women and viewed as a sign of their value or social organization they belong to. Sometimes that is used to represent a woman's being old enough to marry or getting married already or the frequency of marriage. Besides, tattoo is believed to prevent or remedy loose bowels or cough, depending on its location or pattern, and they often change tattoo according to the change of beauty art.

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Success Model Setting for Historical, Cultural Theme Park Development -With an Example of Korean Culture Theme Park- (역사·문화 테마파크 개발을 위한 성공모델 설정 -한국 문화 테마파크를 사례로-)

  • Kwon, Ki-Chang
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.151-162
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    • 2015
  • A theme park is a complex space, in which held is a performance & exhibition event created to make visitors feel fun and a deep impression through a certain theme. Recently, local governments are increasingly planning for theme parks with the aim of local economy revitalization. Accordingly, this paper set up a development model for a Korean culture theme park after deducting success factors for creating a successful theme park through the case of Korean culture theme park. To be concrete, this paper deducted the success factors through literature research and case research as follows: Setting of themes having identity and consistency; programs that can give fun and a deep impression; convenient support facilities reflecting customers' needs; differentiated marketing for progress in customer attraction power; location linked with cultural resources around a theme park and a space for communicating a message; privately-initiated project promotion and the main body of operation; target setting consequent on market segmentation, and demand forecast, etc. A theme park cannot be successfully operated to contribute to local economy revitalization until such success factors should be closely linked and harmonized with each other. In addition, in order for a theme park to make a continued growth, it's required that problems occurring at the operational stage should be endlessly improved, and contents strengthening should be continuously done in line with circumstances of the times and viewers' eye level.

A Plan for Startup of Optical Shop by Ophthalmic Optics Students (안경광학과 학생들의 안경원 창업예정도)

  • Lee, Ok-Jin;Jung, Se-Hoon;Shin, Jin-Ah
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.31-36
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: To investigate optical shop startup awareness of ophthalmic optics students as a basic source for startup education. Methods: Total of 287 students from three ophthalmic optics college in kyung-gi region was surveyed and analyzed using SPSS analysis. Results: Optical shop startup business plan of ophthalmic optics students was very high (80.1%). For startup timing, over 6yrs of employe (37.0%) was most and there was significant difference according to age (p<.001) and optician family present (p<.05). For startup type, single startup type (37%) was most and there was significant difference according to grade (p<.01). For startup unit of space, 30 pyong (43.5%) was most, Seoul metropolitan area and kyung-gi region (54.4%) was most for startup region, and station area (40.8%) was most for startup location. The reason of non-startup was eye hospital and glass related company employe (35.7%) was most and optical shop employe (35.7%) was most for non-startup planner's way. Conclusions: Startup business plan was very high and need to have startup education for there startup provision.

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The Study on Applicability of Manufactured Lead(II) Iodide Dosimeter for Dose Measurement in Brachytherapy (방사선근접치료 분야의 선량 측정을 위해 제조된 Lead(II) Iodide 선량계의 적용가능성 연구)

  • Yang, Seung-Woo;Han, Moo-Jae;Park, Sung-Kwang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.789-794
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    • 2021
  • Brachytherapy is a treatment in which radioactive isotopes are placed inside the body to intensively irradiate the tumor with radiation. Because brachytherapy uses a radioisotope source with a high dose rate, it is very important to know the exact location and dose of the source. However, in clinical practice, it is evaluated inaccurately with the naked eye through rulers and autoradiographs. Therefore, in this study, a dosimeter that can be used for brachytherapy was developed using a lead(II) iodide (PbI2) material, and the applicability was evaluated by analyzing the reproducibility, linearity, and PID items. As a result of reproducibility evaluation, the RSD value was 1.41%, satisfying the evaluation criteria of 1.5%. As a result of the linearity evaluation, the R2 value was 0.9993, which satisfies the evaluation criterion of 0.9990. As a result of PID evaluation, it showed only a difference of 0.06 cm compared with the theoretical value of the inverse square law of distance at the 50% dose reduction point. The dosimeter manufactured in this experiment shows results that satisfy the standard in all evaluations, so it is judged that the possibility of applying the dosimeter in the radiation brachytherapy area is sufficient.

Comparison of Insect Pest Communities on 30 Cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus (나라꽃 무궁화 30품종에서 발생하는 해충상 비교)

  • Jung, Jong-Kook;Kim, Mannyeon;Lee, Cha Young;Jang, Beom-Jun;Kim, Dongsoo;Kwon, Hae Yeon;Park, Yunmi
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.110 no.1
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    • pp.116-127
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    • 2021
  • In this study, insect pest communities and major insect pest species were investigated and compared among 30 cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus. Insects on H. syriacus were observed with the naked eye over 3 years (from 2018 to 2020) in Busan and Suwon. Except for Aphis gossypii (79,059 and 23,654 individuals in Busan and Suwon, respectively), 20 species (1,147 individuals) and 31 species (2,240 individuals) were found in Busan and Suwon, respectively. The number of insect pest species and individuals did not differ among H. syriacus cultivars, but there were differences according to study locations. The dominant insect pest species were A. gossypii, Rehimena surusalis, Rusicada privata, Halyomorpha halys, Haritalodes derogata, Dolycoris baccarum, and Plautia stali; the number of individuals in dominant species differed according to study location and year but not among H. syriacus cultivars. In summary, insect pest communities did not differ among 30 H. syriacus cultivars, but the matrix of surrounding environments where H. syriacus are planted may be more important.