• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.234-239
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• 2004

This paper describes preliminary results we have obtained in developing a computer vision system based on active IR illumination for real time gaze tracking for interactive graphic display. Unlike most of the existing gaze tracking techniques, which often require assuming a static head to work well and require a cumbersome calibration process fur each person, our gaze tracker can perform robust and accurate gaze estimation without calibration and under rather significant head movement. This is made possible by a new gaze calibration procedure that identifies the mapping from pupil parameters to screen coordinates using the Generalized Regression Neural Networks (GRNN). With GRNN, the mapping does not have to be an analytical function and head movement is explicitly accounted for by the gaze mapping function. Furthermore, the mapping function can generalize to other individuals not used in the training. The effectiveness of our gaze tracker is demonstrated by preliminary experiments that involve gaze-contingent interactive graphic display.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.566-573
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• 2020

Computers are the most common tool when using the Internet and utilizing a mouse to select and execute objects. Eye tracking technology is welcomed as an alternative technology to help control computers for users who cannot use their hands due to their disabilities. However, the pointer execution method of the existing eye tracking technique causes many malfunctions. Therefore, in this paper, we developed a gaze tracking interface that combines voice commands to solve the malfunction problem when the upper limb disabled uses the existing gaze tracking technology to execute computer menus and objects. Usability verification was conducted through comparative experiments regarding the improvements of the malfunction. The upper limb disabled who are hand-impaired use eye tracking technology to move the pointer and utilize the voice commands, such as, "okay" while browsing the computer screen for instant clicks. As a result of the comparative experiments on the reduction of the malfunction of pointer execution with the existing gaze interfaces, we verified that our system, Eye-Voice, reduced the malfunction rate of pointer execution and is effective for the upper limb disabled to use.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.159-167
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• 2012

Eye tracking technology tracks human eyes movements to understand user's intention. This technology has been improving slowly and should be used for a variety of occasions now. For example, it enables persons with disabilities to operate a computer with their eyes. This article will show a typical implementation of an eye tracking system for persons with disabilities, after introducing the design principles and specific implementation details of an eye tracking system. The article discussed the realization of self-adapting regulation algorithm in detail. The self-adapting algorithm is based on feedback signal controlling the lens movements to realize automatic focus, and to get a clear eyes image. This CCD camera automatic focusing method has self-adapting capacity for changes of light intensity on the external environment. It also avoids the trouble of manual adjustment and improves the accuracy of the adjustment.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 2015

This study is to investigate how do elementary students' eye movements appear in cognitive process that they perceive science learning materials depending on motivation system of science learning. For this study we had a random sampling of 301, 6th grade students. And we had selected 32 students through the three tests for the final; motivation system test of science learning, a learning styles test, an Edinburgh inventory for handedness test. We were analysis the cognitive process during learning tasks for the selected student using eye-tracking equipment. The results of the research are as follows: First, when students see a science learning material, we found out that SL-BAS group that has tendency searched various areas than SL-BIS group in learning task. Second, results confirmed through the data of integrational count that students looked alternately texts, images and graphs in the learning material, SL-BIS group were more than SL-BAS group on integrated count, but they had a simple and insignificant eye movement. Especially SL-BAS students showed that integrated eye movement between texts, images and graphs in the learning material, and they explored important areas of the graph compared with SL-BIS group that there was no eye movement in graph. These results may be utilized as a useful resource for designing students' learning.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.419-427
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• 2009

We present a novel head tracking system for stereoscopic displays that ensures the viewer has a high degree of movement. The tracker is capable of segmenting the viewer from background objects using their relative distance. A depth camera using TOF(Time-Of-Flight) is used to generate a key signal for eye tracking application. A method of the moving parallax barrier is also introduced to supplement a disadvantage of the fixed parallax barrier that provides observation at the specific locations.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1171-1177
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• 2021

Measuring and evaluation of audience's visual message perception are crucial process for scientific production of visual content. This study tried to evaluate the difference of viewer's awareness of visual object depends on his or her inherent characteristics like conservatism using an eye tracker system. Especially, this experiment tested research questions about positive correlation between conservatism and peoples' eye movements following the sound visual messages. 57 subjects participated in the test. Two different groups were exposed to two visual elements representing 'the conservative' and 'the liberal'. The results showed that people tended to have different way of seeing visual objects according to their inherent characteristics. Also by comparing the gaze time at the object and area of interest(AOI) in visual, this study is able to verify the existence of 'positive way of seeing' and 'negative way of seeing'. The two different ways of seeing have their own trail of eye movement.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.257-259
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• 1996

This paper presents the active eye system for tracking a moving object in 3D space. A prototype system able to track a moving object is designed and implemented. The mechanical system ables the control of platform that consists of binocular camera and also the control of the vergence angle of each camera by step motor. Each camera has two degrees of freedom. The image features of the object are extracted from complicated environment by using zero disparity filtering(ZDF). From the cnetroid of the image features the gaze point on object is calculated and the vergence angle of each camera is controlled by step motor. The Proposed method is implemented on the prototype with robust and fast calculation time.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.797-807
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• 2016

The discussion in this paper aims to introduce an approach to detect drowsiness with Android based smartphones using the OpenCV platform tools. OpenCV for Android actually provides powerful tools for real-time body's parts tracking. We discuss here about the maximization of the accuracy in real-time eye tracking. Then we try to develop an approach for detecting eye blink by analyzing the structure and color variations of human eyes. Finally, we introduce a time variable to capture drowsiness.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08b
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• pp.1799-1802
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• 2007

In the constructed auto-stereoscopic display system for one observer. 1.stereoscopic images displayed on a special LCD are made on a large concave mirror. 2.The view-zone limiting aperture is set between the projection lens and the concave mirror. 3.The real image of the aperture is made at the observer's eye position by the concave mirror. 4.The observer's eye-position tracking of the view-zone is realized. 5.At same time, stereoscopic image changes automatically according to the eye position of the observer.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2008

We propose a welfare interface using multiple fecial features tracking, which can efficiently implement various mouse operations. The proposed system consist of five modules: face detection, eye detection, mouth detection, facial feature tracking, and mouse control. The facial region is first obtained using skin-color model and connected-component analysis(CCs). Thereafter the eye regions are localized using neutral network(NN)-based texture classifier that discriminates the facial region into eye class and non-eye class, and then mouth region is localized using edge detector. Once eye and mouth regions are localized they are continuously and correctly tracking by mean-shift algorithm and template matching, respectively. Based on the tracking results, mouse operations such as movement or click are implemented. To assess the validity of the proposed system, it was applied to the interface system for web browser and was tested on a group of 25 users. The results show that our system have the accuracy of 99% and process more than 21 frame/sec on PC for the $320{\times}240$ size input image, as such it can supply a user-friendly and convenient access to a computer in real-time operation.