• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.299-326
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper is to review the declining of school library movement in Korea with a special reference to the 1970s and 1980s. The writer keeps an eye on the distortion of education in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.483-492
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the variation in pupil size as shown in the scientific hypothesis generation process of students in Elementary School. The subjects for research consisted of 20 fifth-year students at Seoul B elementary school who agreed to participate in the research. The task consisted of four scientific hypothesis-generating tasks. SMI's Eye Tracker(iView $X^{TM}$ RED) was used to collect eye movement data. Experiment 3.6 and BeGaze 3.6 softwares were used to plan experiment and analyzed the task performance process and eye movement data. The findings of this study are twofold. First, there were four types that generate hypothesis about the tasks. Second, in the moment of generating hypothesis, participants' pupils have grown bigger. And while thinking of generating hypothesis or elaborating hypothesis, there were no big changes. These results show the moment of generating hypothesis is affected by emotional factors besides cognitive factors.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.254-261
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• 2019

Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO) is characterized by lesion side eye's adduction limitation in lateral horizontal gaze and nystagmus in the abducting eye due to lesions in the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF). Brainstem infarction is one of the causes of INO, but related issues have seldom been reported in the Korean medical literature. The present case was a pontine infarction patient with INO who complained of diplopia and eye movement disorder. The patient was treated with Korean medicine treatment, including herbal medicine, acupuncture, cupping, and moxibustion for 30 days. Her changes in clinical symptoms were measured with a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and a length of External Ocular Movement (EOM), in which the patient's right eyeball moved to the left from the midline in the left gaze. After treatment, her clinical symptoms were improved. Diplopia decreased from NRS 10 to NRS 2, and eye movement disorder was improved such that EOM increased from 1mm to 5 mm. Therefore, integrative Korean medicine treatment may be effective in the treatment of INO patients caused by pontine infarction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine drivers' driving behaviors and eye-movements according to driving speed and navigation- position while operation of the navigation in driving. For this purpose, two driving conditions (low-speed and high-speed) and two navigation-positions (top and bottom location of the center console) were set. Drivers' driving behaviors (speed, speed variation, coefficient of variation, and the number of collisions) and eye-movements (overall eye pattern, the average scanning time of navigation, and the number of gaze-out on the road for more 2 seconds) were measured. As a result, when the navigation was located at the bottom of the console, difficulties of lateral control was appeared in low-speed driving condition, and the that of longitudinal control was appeared in high-speed driving condition. In addition, above situation made the drivers' scanning times of navigation long, increased the number of gaze-out on the road for more 2 seconds, and made overall eye pattern monotonous. These results could be interpreted that the manipulation of the navigation at the bottom of console cause reduced attention capacity due to the cognitive load.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2021

Eye tracking is one of the NUI technologies, and it finds out where the user is gazing. This technology allows users to input text or control GUI, and further analyzes the user's gaze so that it can be applied to commercial advertisements. In the eye tracking system, the allowable range varies depending on the quality of the image and the degree of freedom of movement of the user. Therefore, there is a need for a method of estimating the accuracy of eye tracking in advance. The accuracy of eye tracking is greatly affected by how the eye tracking algorithm is implemented in addition to hardware variables. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a method to estimate how many degrees of gaze changes when the pupil center moves by one pixel by estimating the maximum possible movement distance of the pupil center in the image.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.31-34
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• 2009

Purpose: We are to analyze optically how to affect the eye related with movement of the iris. Methods: Using the schematic eye to have the crystalline lens of the radial GRIN and the spherical GRIN forms that come to be planned in existing, the iris centre was moved 0.5 mm with nasal direction in order to be identical with the real eye. Also, considering that the iris centre move according to increase of the pupil size, the iris centre was moved 0.4 mm with temporal direction to analyze the optical performance change of the eye respectively. Results: Because of decrease in the spherical aberration, the schematic eye with nasal direction 0.5 mm eccentricity of the iris showed a different consequence plentifully compared with the performance of the real eye. Besides, the schematic eye with temporal direction 0.4 mm eccentricity of the iris showed that the spherical aberration somewhat increased. Conclusions: In case of design of the schematic eye with the similar real eye performance which the iris centre was moved 0.5 mm with nasal direction, we need to research about aspheric coefficient of optical constants of each refracting surface considering the performance change of a spherical aberration, a peripheral power error and astigmatism etc, owing to change of the real eye hence to be affected by the iris movement.

• 대한불안의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.13-22
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.33-35
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• 2005

We propose an eye gaze tracking system under natural head movements. The system consists of one CCD camera and two front-surface mirrors. The mirrors rotate to follow head movements in order to keep the eye within the view of the camera. However, the mirror controller cannot guarantee the fast head movements, because the frame rate is generally 30Hz. To overcome this problem, we applied Kalman predictor to estimate next eye position from the current eye image. In the results, our system allows the subjects head to move 50cm horizontally and 40cm vertically, with the speed about 10cm/sec and 6cm/sec, respectively. And spatial gaze resolutions are about 4.5 degree and 4.5 degree, respectively, and the gaze estimation accuracy is 92% under natural head movements.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.421-431
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• 2022

The purpose of this research is to determine the point of fixation of the driver during the process of driving. Based on the results of this research, the driving instructor can make a judgement on what the trainee stare on the most. Traffic accidents have become a serious concern in modern society. Especially, the traffic accidents among unskilled and elderly drivers are at issue. A driver should put attention on the vehicles around, traffic signs, passersby, passengers, road situation and its dashboard. An eye-tracking-based application was developed to analyze the driver's gaze behavior. It is a prototype for real-time eye tracking for monitoring the point of interest of drivers in driving practice. In this study, the driver's attention was measured by capturing the movement of the eyes in real road driving conditions using these tools. As a result, dwelling duration time, entry time and the average of fixation of the eye gaze are leading parameters that could help us prove the idea of this study.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2023

The ultimate role of ocular movements is to keep the image of an object within the fovea and thereby prevent image slippage on the retina. Accurate evaluations of eye movements provide very useful information for understanding the functions of the oculomotor system and determining abnormalities therein. Such evaluations also play an important role in enabling accurate diagnoses by identifying the location of lesions and discriminating from other diseases. There are various types of ocular movements, and this article focuses on saccades, fast eye movements, smooth pursuit, and slow eye movements, which are the most important types of eye movements used in evaluations performed in clinical practice.