• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 1997

The submandibular gland is one of the major salivary glands, salivary diseases frequently occuring site due to its anatomical weakness. This retrospective study evaluated data pertaining to history, sex, operation method, age distribution, diagnosis through the chart, operation record, radiographs, histologic finding of 51 patients operated on for the submandibular gland excision from 1986 to 1995 in our hospital so that we improve on the understand of the salivary gland diseases. The results were as follows ; 1. The chief complaints was mass, swelling mainly. 2. The ratio of affected site was 47.1 : 51 in left : right respectly, both sites was 1 case especially. 3. The ratio of men to women was 56.9 : 43.1 4. The operation performed all through the extraoral approach. 5. The sialolith presented at 24 cases. 6. The most patients had a two weeks duration period. 7. The age distribution was the third decade(29.4%), the second decade(27.5%) in order. 8. The symptoms accompanied the chief complaints was pain(37.3%), mass(17.6%), swelling(13.7%), trismus(13.7%) in order. 9. The diagnosis was sialadenitis with stone(S.W.S.) (45.1%), sialadenitis without stone(S.W.O.S.) (17.6%), pleomorphic adenoma(P.A.) (15.7%), abscess(Abs) (5.9%), tuberculosis(Tbc) (5.9%) in drder.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 1991

Lymphangioma is a benign, growth of lymphatic tissue that is present at birth or develops in early childhood, which may cause serious alterations in growth and developmemt. The problems with facial lymphangioma is usually releated directly to their size and to the area of the face which is involved. The lesions themselves may range from small, localized blemishes to huge facial masses involving both soft tissue and underlying bone and causing great distortion and asymmetry. The facial bones are seldom involved, but the natutal evolution of an individual lesion often cannot be accurately predicted when the child is first seen. Any changes in the underlying facial bone could be due either to a direct growth of the lesion into the bone, or secondary to pressure of the lesion growing outside the bone itself. A case of cystic lymphangioma extending from the neck to the tongue is reported. A six-year-old female was admitted because of swelling of the tongue. At that time, the tongue reportedly reached the extraoral size of 7x5x2.5cm and a soft, diffuse swelling of left anterior neck was revealed. The removal of cystic mass including left neck dissection and partial glossectomy were undertaken. The another case of lymphangioma is located on mandibular cheek. A twenty nine-year-old male was admitted because of palpable mass of the left mandibular area and fissure of palate. The radical excision of mass with mandibulectomy of body were undertuken. Thus we reported such a rare case and reviewed the lymphangioma.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.121-129
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• 2015

Objective: This study aimed to assess three-dimensional changes in the temporomandibular joint positions and mandibular dimensions after correction of dental factors restricting mandibular growth in patients with Class II division 1 or division 2 malocclusion in the pubertal growth period. Methods: This prospective clinical study included 14 patients each with Class II division 1 (group I) and Class II division 2 (group II) malocclusions. The quad-helix was used for maxillary expansion, while utility arches were used for intrusion (group I) or protrusion and intrusion (group II) of the maxillary incisors. After approximately 2 months of treatment, an adequate maxillary arch width and acceptable maxillary incisor inclination were obtained. The patients were followed for an average of 6 months. Intraoral and extraoral photographs, plaster models, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained before and after treatment. Lateral cephalometric and temporomandibular joint measurements were made from the CBCT images. Results: The mandibular dimensions increased in both groups, although mandibular positional changes were also found in group II. There were no differences in the condylar position within the mandibular fossa or the condylar dimensions. The mandibular fossa depth and condylar positions were symmetrical at treatment initiation and completion. Conclusions: Class II malocclusion can be partially corrected by achieving an ideal maxillary arch form, particularly in patients with Class II division 2 malocclusion. Restrictions of the mandible in the transverse or sagittal plane do not affect the temporomandibular joint positions in these patients because of the high adaptability of this joint.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.195-206
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• 2010

The aim of this report is to present an intraoral upper molar distalization system supported with zygomatic anchorage plates (Zygoma-gear Appliance, ZGA). This system was used for a 16-year-old female patient with a Class II molar relationship requiring molar distalization. The system consisted of bilateral zygomatic anchorage plates, an inner-bow and heavy intraoral elastics. Distalization of the upper molars was achieved in 3 months and the treatment results were evaluated from lateral cephalometric radiographs. According to the results of the cephalometric analysis, the maxillary first molars showed a distalization of 4 mm, associated with a distal axial inclination of $4.5^{\circ}$. The results of this study show that an effective upper molar distalization without anchorage loss can be achieved in a short time using the ZGA. We suggest that this new system may be used in cases requiring molar distalization in place of extraoral appliances.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.155-158
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• 2010

Digital radiographic systems allow the implementation of a fully digital picture archiving and communication system (PACS), and provide the greater dynamic range of digital detectors with possible reduction of X-ray exposure to the patient. This article reviewed the basic physical principles of digital radiographic imaging system in dental clinics generally. Digital radiography can be divided into computed radiography (CR) and direct radiography (DR). CR systems acquire digital images using phosphor storage plates (PSP) with a separate image readout process. On the other hand, DR systems convert X-rays into electrical charges by means of a direct readout process. DR systems can be further divided into direct and indirect conversion systems depending on the type of X-ray conversion. While a direct conversion requires a photoconductor that converts X-ray photons into electrical charges directly, in an indirect conversion, lightsensitive sensors such as CCD or a flat-panel detector convert visible light, proportional to the incident X-ray energy by a scintillator, into electrical charges. Indirect conversion sensors using CCD or CMOS without lens-coupling are used in intraoral radiography. CR system using PSP is mainly used in extraoral radiographic system and a linear array CCD or CR sensors, in panoramic system. Currently, the digital radiographic system is an important subject in the dental field. Most studies reported that no significant difference in diagnostic performance was found between the digital and conventional systems. To accept advances in technology and utilize benefits provided by the systems, the continuous feedback between doctors and manufacturers is essential.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 1999

Multiple facial trauma patient should be carefully treated because of severe bleeding on extraoral and intraoral wound, possibilty of airway obstruction and hypovolemic shock. Hypovolemic shock may be divided to hemorrhagic shock and non-hemorrhagic shock. Also hemorrhagic shock is divided to mild, moderate and severe shock according to the degree of blood volume depletion. Mild shock occurs in blood loss of less than 20% of blood volume and moderate shock does in blood loss of 20-40% of blood volume. And Severe shock occurs in blood loss of more than 40% of blood volume. The goal of emergency care of trauma patient is that respiration and perfusion should be recovered to satisfactory level and that normal vital sign is maintained. We reported the case of multiple facial trauma patient with severe bleeding and hopovolemic shock and metabolic acidosis who was treated with adequate supply of fluid transfusion, intubation, tracheostomy and emergency operation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.444-450
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• 2007

In general, labiolingual or buccolingual widths of residual alveolar bone are insufficient in edentulous area, because of alveolar resorption. Horizontal augmentation is bone graft procedure with a view to reinforcing horizontally insufficient bone quantity for installation of implants. The standard method is taking appropriate amount of block bone from intraoral or extraoral autogenous bone, and solid fixation with screws or mini-plate on labial or buccal side of residual alveolar bone. The purpose of this study is to discuss clinical usefulness of horizontal augmentation with autogenous block bone by observation and analysis of course of 41 implants installed to 12 patients by horizontal augmentation in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from July, 2002 to December, 2005. The mean age of patients is 52.7, from 19 to 70, and the number of men and women is each 2 and 10. Block bone was taken from symphysis, body, ramus of mandible or iliac bone. And 6 types of implants were installed simultaneously or not, the diameters of implants are from 3.3 to 5.5mm, the lengths are from 8 to 15mm. The operator added artificial bone grafting material and optionally covered with membrane. The mean periods of observation after operation and final prosthetics were 28.6 and 17.0 months. As a result, 40 among 41 implants survived, the survival rate was 97.6%. Average 0.9mm crestal resorption was observed at final point of time by periapical view of each patients. Major complication related to the procedure was numbness in 7 patients.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.180-183
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• 2009

Eagle's syndrome refers to a symptomatic elongation of the styloid process or calcification of the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments that usually accompanies facial and pharyngeal pain, dysphagia, and foreign-body sensation in the throat. Making an accurate diagnosis is difficult as Eagle's syndrome can be accompanied with referred pain to various areas of head and neck. Treatment options for Eagle's syndrome include non-surgical and surgical methods. The surest and the most effective method for relieving the symptom is surgical removal or reduction of the elongated styloid process. The present study reports two cases of female whom were diagnosed as "Eagle's syndrome" and whose chief complain was foreign-body sensation and pain in the throat on movement. Surgical removal via transoral approach of the elongated styloid process is a safe surgical option with favorable results compared to extraoral approach.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2009

Maxillary deficiency, anterior cross bite, constriction of maxillary arch, malaligned teeth are frequently observed in patients with cleft lip and palate. Surgery and orthodontics, combined intervention are needed to correct maxillary deficiency. Distraction osteogenesis that currently used has many advantages like less relapse tendency, more advancement of maxilla, capable in growing patients. In case 1, 18 years old girl with BCLP had severe midfacial deficiency and multiple missing of teeth. LeFort I osteotomy, followed by maxillary distraction osteogenesis utilizing rigid external distraction device(RED) system, was performed. After a 6-day latency period, distraction proceeded at a rate of 1mm per day (at 1st week, 1.5mm/day). Total advancement was 19mm. The RED device left in place for the additional 4 weeks for consolidation. After the RED device was removed, face mask was applied with elastic traction for 5 weeks. After achieving acceptable facial appearance and occlusion, orthodontic appliance was removed. The results after 4 years follow-up was sustained pretty well without aggravation of velopharyngeal function. In case 2, 22 years old man with UCLP had severe midfacial deficiency and palatally erupted upper 2nd premolars due to arch length discrepancy, but the anterior segment of maxillary did not show constriction and crowding. patient had no arch width discrepancy, crowding was concentrated on premolar region. Segmental LeFort I osteotomy was performed. After a 6 - day latency period, using internal distraction device, distraction proceeded at a 0.5mm per day(at 1st week, 0.75 - 1 mm/day). Total advancement was 15mm. After internal distraction device was removed, face mask was applied with elastic traction for 4 weeks. After surgical-orthodontic treatment, facial appearance and occlusion was improved pretty good, and after 46 months follow-up the result was retained well.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.40
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• pp.21.1-21.5
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of treatment of non-odontogenic atypical orofacial pain using botulinum toxin-A. Methods: This study involved seven patients (seven females, mean age 65.1 years) who had non-odontogenic orofacial pain (neuropathic pain and atypical orofacial pain) and visited the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between 2015 and 2017. All medication therapies were preceded by botulinum toxin-A injections, followed by injections in the insignificant effects of medication therapies. Five of the seven patients received intraoral injections in the gingival vestibule or mucosa, while the remaining two received extraoral injections in the masseter and temporal muscle areas. Results: In five of the seven patients, pain after botulinum toxin-A injection was significantly reduced. Most of the patients who underwent surgery for dental implantation or facial nerve reconstruction recovered after injections. However, the pain did not disappear in two patients who reported experiencing persistent pain without any cause. Conclusions: The use of botulinum toxin-A for the treatment of non-odontogenic neuropathic orofacial pain is clinically useful. It is more effective to administer botulinum toxin-A in combination with other medications and physical therapy to improve pain.