• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.270-274
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• 1993

Massive extradural spread, distinguished from subarachnoid injection that sometimes follows the introduction of small amounts of local anesthetics or narcotics during attempted epidural anesthesia or analgesia, has been attributed to subdural injection. A 64-year-old woman was admitted for partial radical hysterectomy under general anesthesia after insertion of lumbar epidural cathter by loss of resistance technique with 5 ml of air. In this case, we experienced severe respiratory depression and loss of consciousness after administration of 4 mg of morphine for postoperative pain control. We confirmed air shadows at right silvian and suprasella cisterna region by CT scanning. Patients was recovered without sequele after 2 days, As this case resembles a "massive epidural", it is suggested that subdural injection rather than epidural injection may explain the phenomenon.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.519-522
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• 2003

An appearance of herniated intervertebral disc into thoracolumbar vertebral canal was evaluated in two patients using computed tomography (CT). Before CT scanning, plain radiography and myelography were performed in both cases. CT images were compared to those of myelography. Dogs were positioned in sternal recumbency under inhalation anesthesia and transverse slices with 2 mm thickness were obtained around thoracolumbar region. The transverse CT images were examined using both vertebral and spiral window mode. The most common findings on CT images were loss of vertebral canal epidural fat, bulging of vertebral canal disc margins, displacement of spinal cord and flatted vertebral canal. Whereas, narrowed intervertebral disc space and simple extradural pattern were the main findings on plain and contrast radiographs. CT imges showed the extent of the herniated disc lesion, type II intervertebral disc hernation, and the displacement of spinal cord in detail in both occations. It is considered that degree and precise localization of the intervertebral disc herniation and subtle lesion of spinal cord could be identified accurately using computed tomography.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.224-227
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• 2006

Extradural lipomas have been frequently reported in the literature, but intramedullary lipomas are far rarer, constituting only approximately 2% of total intramedullary tumors. Intramedullary lipomas are also commonly associated with spinal dysraphism. Lipomas which are not associated with spinal dysraphism are present in only about 1% of spinal lipoma patients. Here, we report a rare case of a patient suffering from an isolated intramedullary lipoma without evidence of spinal dysraphism.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.74-76
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• 2005

Cavernous angiomas represent 5 to 12% of spinal vascular malformations and usually are located at the vertebral body level with possible extension into the extradural space. The intradural intramedullary cavernous angioma occurs in about 3% of cases, whereas extramedullary localization is extremely rare. We report a case of intradural extramedullary cavernous angioma in which the patient presented with low back pain and both leg pain. The magnetic resonance imaging study showed intraspinal mass lesion at L1-2. It was removed totally through laminectomy of L1-2 and confirmed as cavernous angioma. The postoperative course was uneventful without any neurologic deficit. We report this unusual spinal malformation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.232-234
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• 2021

Ependymomas arise from ependymal cells and can grow at any site in the central nervous system (CNS), as well as in some locations outside of the CNS. The latter is rare, contributing to the frequent misdiagnoses of such cases. Herein, we present the case of a 54-year-old man with a history of lower limb weakness and numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extradural, heterogeneously enhanced solid lesion with a regular and well-defined border in the posterior mediastinum. A post-resection histopathological examination revealed tumor-forming perivascular pseudo-rosettes that showed immunoreactivity against glial fibrillary acidic protein, epithelial membrane antigen, and vimentin, as well as a high Ki-67 labeling index. Based on pathological features, a diagnosis of anaplastic ependymoma was established.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.137-140
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• 2020

Epidermoid cysts are benign tumors that account for approximately 1% of intracranial tumors. In very rare cases, temporally located extradural intradiploic epidermoid cysts can cause neurological symptoms and skull perforation. Herein, we report the case of a 34-year-old woman who underwent successful treatment of an epidermoid cyst in the temporal region accompanied by neurological symptoms. Accurate radiological evaluation and complete removal of the tumor and capsule play a vital role in ensuring favorable long-term outcomes. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans can provide an accurate assessment of the extent of intracranial expansion and invasion of the cerebral parenchyma, as well as enabling the precise localization and characterization of the bone defect and mass. In addition, collaborative surgery with a neurosurgeon is required for cases involving intracranial expansion and dural invasion.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.265-267
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• 2008

Angiolipomas in the lumbar spinal region are extremely rare. The present report describes the identification of such a tumor and its removal, and discusses the tumor characteristics and prognosis. A 74-year-old woman was presented with a 5-month history of lower back pain. Severe radiculopathy was experienced in the left leg for 5 days prior to the presentation, and there were no neurological deficits. Magnetic resonance (MR) images showed an approximately 3.5 cm heterogeneously enhanced and elongated mass at the left L5-S1 level. A portion of the mass appeared with high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images, with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, and with high signal intensity on T1 fat suppression enhancement images. Resection of the tumor was approached via an L5 and S1 laminectomy. A fibrous sticky yellowish hypervascular tumor was identified. Histological study revealed the tumor as an angiolipoma. Symptoms were relieved after tumor excision, and there were no neurological sequelae. Although extremely rare, lumbar epidural angiolipoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lumbar spinal epidural lesions. The prognosis after surgical management of this lesion is favorable.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.135-138
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• 2008

Objective: This study is to report our experience of 40 cases of spinal schwannoma. Methods: From 1995 to 2006, medical records were retrospectively reviewed in 40 cases of spinal schwannoma. Results: We treated 40 spinal schwannomas in 38 (22 male and 16 female) patients. The mean age was 50.2. Four cases were sited in the cervical spine, 11 cases in the thoracic spine, and 25 cases in the lumbar spine. Two patients showed recurrences. Thirty-eight cases were intradural-extramedullary type and 2 cases were extradural. Two cases (5%) including 1 recurred case had no postoperative motor improvement. Ninety-five percents of patients improved on postoperative motor grade. Conclusion: Spinal schwannoma is mostly benign and extramedullary tumor. There were 2 recurred cases (5%) that had history of previous subtotal removal at first operation and had shown worse prognosis compared with the cases without recurrence. To reduce the recurrence of spinal schannoma, total excision of tumor mass should be done.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.383-387
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• 2010

Complete removal of three-compartment trigeminal schwannomas is a challenge to neurosurgeons. To expand exposure of each compartment, the combination and modification of skull base approaches are necessary. The 61-year-old woman was admitted with chronic headache. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed $47{\times}50{\times}40\;mm$-sized tumor originating primarily in the middle cranial fossa extended to the posterior and the infratemporal fossa. We performed operation in five stage; 1. Zygomatic osteotomy, 2. Inferior temporal fossa plate removal and foramen ovale opening, 3. Cavernous sinus opening, 4. Tailored anterior petrosectomy, 5. Meckel's cave opening. Combination of skull base surgery should be concerned according to the patient. In this study, extradural basal extension with zygomatic osteotomy, interdural posterior extension with tailored anterior petrosectomy, and intracavemous exploration are reasonable options for remodeling three-compartment lesion into a single compartment. Tailoring of bone resection and exploring through natural pathway between meningeal layers accomplish single-stage operation for complete removal of tumors.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.276-280
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• 2010

Liposarcomas are malignant tumors of the soft tissue, with myxoid liposarcoma being the second most common subtype, tending to occur in the limbs, particularly in the thighs. Myxoid liposarcomas have an intermediate prognosis between well-differentiated and pleomorphic tumors. Spinal metastasis is usual but intradural involvement is extremely rare. We present an unusual case of a multicentric myxoid liposarcoma with intradural involvement. A 41-year-old woman complained of tingling sensation on her left arm. Radiological evaluation revealed multiple masses in her cervical spine, abdominal wall, liver, heart and right thigh, all of which were resected. She was histologically diagnosed with small round cell myxoid sarcoma and underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. However, magnetic resonance imaging analysis after 1 year revealed a large metastatic mass with bony invasion at the C6-T1 level. This mass consisted of extradural and intradural components causing severe compression of the spinal cord. She underwent resection via a posterior facetectomy of C6-7 and an anterior C7 corpectomy. However, the patient died of multiple metastases 18 months after the first diagnosis.