• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2001

Natural red and yellow dyestuff was extracted from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius Linnaeus) by a new process of cellulase extraction compared with the conventional hot water extraction. Dyestuffs were extracted from safflower easily and repeatedly by means of cellulose as safflower cell wall destroyer. It means that new dyestuff extraction by cellulase improves not only yields of dyestuff from safflower successfully but also the rate of repetition of extraction. From the above experiments, the conclusions of this study were summarized as follows. 1. The optimum conditions of dyestuff extraction from safflower by general extraction method were that the solvent was the water of pH 6.0 on yellow dyestuff and 3% $K_2CO_3$ solution on red dyestuff, extraction temperature was $55^{\circ}C$, and extraction time was 30 min. 2. Among various cellulase, the NOVO cellulase was the best cell wall destroyer of safflower and finally produced the largest amount of dyestuff from safflower by cellulase extraction method. 3. The optimum conditions of dyestuff extraction by cellulase extraction method were conducted on 10 unit of cellulase per gram of safflower at $100m{\ell}$ water of pH 5.0 at $50^{\circ}C$ for 30 min.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.659-666
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• 2010

산머루의 유용성분을 효율적으로 추출할 수 있는 공정을 개발하고자 반응표면분석법에 의한 환류 냉각 추출공정 최적화를 실시하였다. 산머루에 함유된 항산화 성분을 효과적으로 추출하기 위해 에탄올 추출을 실시하여 반응표면 분석에 의해 추출조건을 최적화하였다. 중심합성계획법에 따라 추출 온도($X_1$), 추출 농도($X_2$), 추출 시간($X_3$)을 독립변수로 하고 추출물의 특성 즉, 추출 수율($Y_1$), 총 페놀($Y_2$), 전자공여능($Y_3$), 갈색도($Y_4$), 환원당($Y_5$)을 종속변수로 하여 추출을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 추출수율은 추출온도와 추출농도에 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. 안장점에서 추출 조건은 시료에 대한 추출온도는 $91.62^{\circ}C(X_1)$, 추출농도는 25.37%($X_2$), 추출시간은 317.70 min ($X_3$)이었다. 총 페놀함량은 추출온도와 추출시간의 영향을 거의 받지 않았으며 추출농도의 영향을 많이 받았다. 최대값은 4763.46 GAE mg/100 g으로 나타났으며 이때의 추출조건은 시료에 대한 추출온도는 $88.20^{\circ}C(X_1)$, 추출농도는 47.79%($X_2$), 추출시간은 349.32 min ($X_3$)으로 나타났다. 전자공여능은 추출온도와 추출농도의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났고 안장점에서 추출조건은 시료에 대한 추출온도 $86.72^{\circ}C(X_1)$, 추출농도 50.61%($X_2$), 추출시간은 265.96 min ($X_3$),였고 최대값은 55.90%로 예측되었다. 갈색도는 다른 조건들보다 농도에 의한 영향을 받았다. 안장점일 때의 추출조건은 시료에 대한 추출온도 $82.66^{\circ}C(X_1)$, 추출농도는 99.27%($X_2$), 추출시간은 252.63 min ($X_3$)으로 나타났으며 환원당은 추출농도와 추출시간의 영향을 많이 받았으며 시료에 대한 추출온도 $96.24^{\circ}C(X_1)$, 추출농도는 22.59%($X_2$), 추출시간은 216.06min($X_3$)에서 최대값이 예측되었다. 산머루 추출물의 최적 추출조건을 예측한 결과 추출온도 $75^{\circ}C$, 추출농도 48%, 추출시간 143 min으로 예측되었다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.513-516
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• 2005

SVC(Scalable Video coding) is the standardization of MPEG that aims to support multi spatial, temporal, and quality layers. We can support the video service guaranteeing the QoS in varied network circumstance by using SVC bitstream. In this paper, we propose the real-time SVC bitstream extractor that is able to extract the bitstream with varied frame rate and SNR quality in real-time. To do, extraction processing needs to be performed by GOP unit. As well , essential bitstream information for real-time extraction is aquired before doing extraction process. The proposed method is implemented by using JSVM 2.0. Experimental results show that the proposed method is valid.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.628-637
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• 2004

In many drinking water treatment plants, chlorination process is one of the main techniques used for the disinfection of water. This disinfecting treatment leads to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as haloacetonitriles (HANs), trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs). In this study, headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS- SPME) technique was applied for the analysis of HANs in drinking water. The effects of experimental parameters such as selection of SPME fiber, the addition of salts, magnetic stirring, extraction temperature, extraction time and desorption time on the analysis were investigated. Analytical parameters such as linearity, repeatability and detection limits were also evaluated. The $50/30{\mu}m$-divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber, extraction time of 30 minutes, extraction temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ and desorption time of 1 minute at $260^{\circ}C$ were the optimal experimental conditions for the analysis of HANs. The correlation coefficients ($r^2$) for HANs was 0.9979~0.9991, respectively. The relative standard deviations (%RSD) for HANs was 2.3~7.6%, respectively. Detection limits (LDs) for HANs was $0.01{\sim}0.5{\mu}g/L$, respectively.

• 복식
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• 제49권
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• pp.73-84
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate dyeing properties of silk and wool fabric by Cassia tora extracts according to the conditions such as extraction(temperature time) dyeing(temperature time) condition kinds of mordants temperature of mordanting. The color fastness of laundering irradiation were examined. The results were as follows: The wavelength of maximum absorpthion by extracts appeared at 201, 277, 382nm in UV-Vis spectrum. Absorbance of extracts were increased with temperature and time. The extraction efficiency of Cassia tora was determined as $95^\circ{C}$ of extraction temperature 120 minutes of extraction time. Silk fabric had highest K/S value when dyeing for 90min at $40^\circ{C}$. Wool fabric had highest K/S value when dyeing for 60min at $80^\circ{C}$. Surface color of silk and wool fabric dyed with Cassia tora extracts was 3,9Y and 0.4Y but it was changed from 9.3YR to 7,4Y and from 9.4YR to 5Y by mordants. The fabrics of mordanted by metal ion dyed the depth of color. Laundering and irradiation fastness of mordanted fabrics were improved as compared with nonmordanted fabrics.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.515-518
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• 1997

Resident time of the centrifugal extractor for organic phase extraction using a height controlled separator weir and a divert plate is the important factor that affects significantly the chemical material extraction and the productivity in the chemical and mechanical processes. In this paper, it describes the design of the device for extraction of an organic phase from radioactive wastes, and considers phase separating weir and divert disk, both being designed to be adjustable in their positions, for effectively separating an organic phase. A height-adjustable separating weir unit used for separating the organic phase from the aqueous phase using a phase separating weir and designed to control the height of the separating weir as desired so as to allow the weir to be positioned at a boundary layer between two separated phases. The centrifugal extractor controls satisfactorily the mixed reaction time of two phases within the separator regardless of the variations of the mixing ratio of the two phases and the rotating speed of the extractor, is designed to be adjustable in its position in the vertical direction, thus allowing the user to appropriately select the mixed reaction time of the two phases within the extractor as desired. From development of a centrifugal extractor, it can effectively recover such usable elements, and preferably reducing the output quantity of radioactive wastes.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2015

The extract of white rose petals has an antioxidant effect and can be used to treat allergic disease. The purpose of this study was to identify optimal conditions for extracting antioxidative compounds from white rose petals with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activities. A response surface methodology based on a central composite design was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables: ethanol concentration ($X_1$), extraction temperature ($X_2$), and extraction time ($X_3$). The estimated optimal conditions for obtaining phenolic compounds with antioxidant activities were as follows: ethanol concentration of 42% ($X_1$), extraction time of 80 min ($X_3$), and extraction temperature of $75^{\circ}C$ ($X_2$). The estimated optimal conditions for obtaining flavonoid compounds with antioxidant effects were an ethanol concentration of 41% ($X_1$), extraction time of 119 min ($X_3$), and an extraction temperature of $75^{\circ}C$ ($X_2$). Under these conditions, predicted response values for the phenolic and flavonoid contents were 243.5 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry mass and 19.93 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g dry mass, respectively.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.732-739
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• 2006

볶음처리한 새송이버섯의 마이크로웨이브 추출조건, 즉 에탄올 농도, 추출시간 및 마이크로웨이브 power에 따른 품질특성을 살펴보았다. 총 페놀성 화합물 함량, 전자공여능 및 pH 1.2에서의 아질산염소거능은 50% 에탄올로 추출한 경우 높게 나타났다. SOD 유사활성은 75% 에탄을 농도로 추출하였을때 가장 높은 활성을 나타났다. 가용성 고형분 및 총 페놀성 화합물 함량은 추출시간이 증가할수록 증가하다가 7분일 때 가장 높게 나타났으며, 전자공여능은 추출시간이 증가할수록 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, SOD유사활성 및 아질산염소거능의 경우추출시간에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 마이크로웨이브 power 의 경우 100 W로 추출하였을 때 가용성 고형분, 총 페놀성화합물 함량 및 전자공여능 가장 높게 나타났다. SOD 유사 활성은 25 W일 때 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 그러나 아질산염 소거능은 마이크로웨이브 power에 영향을 많이 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.227-230
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• 2004

Two extraction techniques, Ultrasonic and Microwave extraction method, were tested for the determination of arsenic in contaminated soil SRM (Montana Soil). The extraction mixture was prepared by mixing 1 M ortho-phosphoric acid and 0.1 M ascorbic acid. This extractant was known to preserve arsenic species. The appropriate extraction time was 10 min to 20 min and the recovery rate was about 80%. A coupled system, SPE-HG-ICP-AES, was used for the determination of inorganic arsenic species. The detection limit was around 2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/1 and the linearity of calibration curve was better than $R^2$=0.99.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2006

본 연구는 Gd 용액을 대상으로 추출시간, 평형 pH와 초기농도의 변화를 통하여 HEH/EHP를 함유한 추출수지의 추출특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 추출수지를 사용하여 Gd을 추출시 추출시간은 90분 정도가 적절한 것으로 판단된다. 추출율(%)은 평형 pH $1.0{\sim}2.0$ 사이에서 평형 pH가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 평형에서 Freundlich 흡착등온식을 사용하여 계산된 측정값과 예측값이 잘 일치하였다.