• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.867-876
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• 2012

The concentration of veterinary antibiotics in aqueous and sediment matrices was measured in agricultural irrigation ditches bordering several animal-feeding operations (AFOs) and then compared to its concentration in the watershed. Analytical determination in aqueous samples was based on solid phase extraction (SPE) and appropriate buffer solutions were used to extract residuals in sediment samples. Separation and detection of extracted veterinary antibiotics were performed with high performance liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). In general, higher concentrations of antibiotic were observed in the aqueous phase of irrigation ditches, with the highest concentration of erythromycin hydrochloride (ETM-$H_2O$) of $0.53{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, than in aqueous watershed samples. In contrast, higher concentrations were measured in river sediment than in irrigation ditch sediment with the highest concentration of oxytetracycline of $110.9{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$. There was a high calculated correlation ( > 0.95) between precipitation and measured concentration in aqueous samples from the irrigation ditches for five of the ten targeted veterinary antibiotics, indicating that surface runoff could be an important transport mechanism of veterinary antibiotics from field to environment. Further, environmental loading calculation based on measured concentrations in aqueous samples and flow information clearly showed that irrigation ditches were 18 times greater than river. This result suggests the likelihood that veterinary antibiotics can be transported via irrigation ditches to the watershed. The transport via surface runoff and likely environmental loading via irrigation ditches examined in this study helps identify the pathway of veterinary antibiotics residuals in the environment.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2016

Bioactive components of ultra-fine ground Saururus, the extraction yield increases when the leaves are ultra-fine ground. Comparison of normal-ground and ultra-fine ground Saururus chinensis leaves showed that the solid content and antiinflammatory activity of ultra-fine ground extracts was higher than that of normal-ground extracts. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of Saururus chinensis extract and the amount of nitric oxide (NO) was determined; LPS-treated cells produced 2 times more NO than cells that were not treated with LPS. Moreover, the NO production in cells treated with Saururus chinensis extract was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. Because the stimulant-induced NO production is regulated by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), we measured the iNOS protein level to elucidate the mechanism by which the NO production was inhibited. We found that the amount of iNOS decreased dose-dependently. It was reduced by 53% at a Saururus chinensis extract concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. The protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 cells was inhibited by 31% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ of Saururus chinensis extract. Gel shift of the nuclear factor kappa B-DNA complex occurred in LPS-treated cells and the intensity of the band decreased gradually in a concentration-dependent manner. Ultra-fine ground Saururus chinensis extract had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the production of prostaglandin $E_2$, tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$, interleukin $1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6, and IL-8 in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 cells, i.e., at $50{\mu}g/mL$ of Saururus chinensis extract, their levels were decreased by 53, 67, 52, 37, and 21% respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2012

Objective: Tributyltin (TBT), an endocrine disrupting chemical, has been reported to decrease ovarian function by causing apoptosis in the ovary, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Therefore, we examined whether TBT increases the expression of adipogenesis-related genes in the ovary and the increased expression of these genes is associated with apoptosis induction. Methods: Three-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered TBT (1 or 10 mg/kg body weight) or sesame oil as a control for 7 days. The ovaries were obtained and weighed on day 8, and then they were fixed for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) or frozen for RNA extraction. Using the total RNA of the ovaries, adipogenesis- and apoptosis-related genes were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The ovarian weight was significantly decreased in rats administered 10 mg/kg TBT compared to that in control rats. As determined by the TUNEL assay, the number of apoptotic follicles in ovary was significantly increased in rats administered 10 mg/kg TBT. The real-time PCR results showed that the expression of adipogenesis-related genes such as $PPAR{\gamma}$, ${\alpha}P2$, CD36, and PEPCK was increased after TBT administration. In addition, apoptosis-related genes such as $TNF{\alpha}$ and TNFR1 were expressed more in the TBT-administered rats compared with the control rats. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that TBT induces the expression of adipogenesis- and apoptosis-related genes in the ovary leading to apoptosis in the ovarian follicles. These results suggest that the increased expression of adipogenesis-related genes in the ovary by TBT exposure might induce apoptosis resulting in a loss of ovarian function.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2000

To investigate exhausted-medium-induced apoptosis in human corneal epithelial(HCE) cells, this study was performed DNA gel electrophoresis, M30 CytoDEATH staining and FAS-FAS ligand ELISA. SV-40 transfected cells were grown to confluency in culture for 7days. The supernatant was harvested and filtered with $0.22{\mu}m$ filter paper. Fresh HCE cells were exposed to the filtered exhausted medium for 1~2 days. Apoptotic cells were prepared for DNA extraction and run the agarose gel for DNA ladder pattern. M30 CytoDEATH was used a tool for easy and reliable determination of very early apoptosis in HCE cells. The control and exhausted medium were assayed for soluble FAS/FAS ligand protein by ELISA. HCE cells exposed to exhausted medium showed a typical DNA ladder pattern. Sporadic M30 CytoDEATH positive cells were detected among HCE cells exposed to exhausted medium. Soluble FAS/FAS ligand levels were not elevated in the exhausted medium compared to the fresh medium control. This study suggests that possible mechanism of exhausted medium induced apoptosis does not include the FAS-FAS ligand system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.188-194
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• 2014

The feature extraction mechanism of the CASA(Computational Auditory Scene Analysis) system uses time continuity and frequency channel similarity to compose a correlogram of auditory elements. In segmentation, we compose a binary mask by using cross-correlation function, mask 1(speech) has the same periodicity and synchronization. However, when there is delay between autocorrelation signals with the same periodicity, it is determined as a speech, which is considered to be a drawback. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm to improve discrimination of channel similarity using Weighted Cross-correlation in segmentation. We conducted experiments to evaluate the speech segregation performance of the CASA system in background noise(siren, machine, white, car, crowd) environments by changing SNR 5dB and 0dB. In this paper, we compared the proposed algorithm to the conventional algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been improved as following: improvement of 2.75dB at SNR 5dB and 4.84dB at SNR 0dB for background noise environment.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.97-103
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• 2017

For high quality of software, it should be necessary for defining and analyzing the exact requirements at the early stage of software development. But readability and understandability of most natural language requirements are inaccurate and difficult for identifying use cases. The requirements are duplicated for objects or temrs with the same meaning. To solve this problem, it should need an effective way of requirement analysis based on linguistic and semantic textual analysis. In this paper, we propose to improve a semantic analysis method adopted with a linguist Fillmore's linguistic mechanism. This method may expect to analyze easily readable and exactly understandable requirements specifications through modeling the goal oriented use cases with natural language based requirements.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.115-121
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• 2010

As internet becomes widespread, a lot of information is opened to public and users of Internet can access effectively information using web searching service. To construct web searching service, the web searching method for collecting of information is needed to obtain web page view. As a number of web page view increases, it is necessary to collect information of high quality information to be searched, therefore, a variety of web engine for searching mechanism is developed. Method of link extraction with javascript in dynamic web page and design of web searching robot are presented m this paper. To evaluate performance analyzes, we fixed one searching model with the proposed method. The searching time takes 2 minute 67 sec for 299 web pages and 12.33 sec for 10 searching model.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.1082-1092
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• 1996

The design of distrbuted systems is difficult to achieve as the execution patterns of distrbuted systems are typically more complex than those of non- distributed systems. Thus, research toward the development of design methods for distributed systems is quitely needed. As object-oriented systems and distrbuted systems share similar properties, the combination of these two is somehow natural. In this work, a design of distributed systems is introduced. The goal of the method in this paper is to provide assistance to the process of specifying a formal object- oriented specification from graphical representation specification inputs such as data flow diagrams, state transition diagrams and Petri nets. It addresses the extraction of objects, operations and reationshipsfrom the problem domain with emphasis on the specification of the characteristics of distributed systems. This object identification method is supported by a knowledge base that provides for the automated analysis and reasoning about objects and their relationsships. The final object model is represented in a format which provides a formal mechanism for reprsenting the object information.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.1103-1111
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• 1996

The design of distrbuted systems is difficult to achieve as the execution patterns of distrbuted systems are typically more complex than those of non- distributed systems. Thus, research toward the development of design methods for distributed systems is quitely needed. As object-oriented systems and distrbuted systems share similar properties, the combination of these two is somehow natural. In this work, a design of distributed systems is introduced. The goal of the method in this paper is to provide assistance to the process of specifying a formal object- oriented specification from graphical representation specification inputs such as data flow diagrams, state transition diagrams and Petri nets. It addresses the extraction of objects, operations and reationshipsfrom the problem domain with emphasis on the specification of the characteristics of distributed systems. This object identification method is supported by a knowledge base that provides for the automated analysis and reasoning about objects and their relationsships. The final object model is represented in a format which provides a formal mechanism for reprsenting the object information.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.184-190
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• 2016

Rosa rugosa Thunb, a deciduous shrub of the genus Rosa, has been widely used to treat stomach aches, diarrhoea, pain, and chronic inflammatory disease in eastern Asia. In recent years, our research team has extensively studied the Rosa rugosa flower extract, and specifically undertook pharmacological experiments which have optimized the extraction process. Our methods have yielded a standard extract enriched in phenolic compounds, named PRE. Herein, we expand our efforts and evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of PRE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. PRE significantly inhibited production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, and interleukin $1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), as well as expression of their synthesizing enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase2 (COX-2). Furthermore, PRE inhibited activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) as well as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) signaling pathway. Our findings are the first to explain the anti-inflammatory mechanism by PRE in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Given these results, we propose that PRE has therapeutic potential in the prevention of inflammatory disorders.