• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.2212-2216
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• 2011

An ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction method has been successfully applied to the effective extraction of phenolic compounds from Laminaria japonica Aresch. Three kinds of 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium with different cations and anions were evaluated for extraction efficiency. The results showed that both the characteristics of anions and cations have remarkable effects on the extraction efficiency. In addition, the ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction procedure was also optimized on some extraction parameters, such as ultrasonic power, extraction time and solid-liquid ratio. Compared with the conventional solvent, the optimum approach gained the highest extraction efficiency within the shortest extraction time. Average recoveries of phenolic compounds were from 75.5% to 88.3% at three concentration levels.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.512-520
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• 2008

오가피(Acanthopanacis cortex)의 유효성분 및 항산화적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 반응표면분석법에 의하여 열수추출 특성을 모니터링 하여 최적추출조건을 설정하였다. 총 추출수율의 최적조건은 추출온도 $84.28^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 3.59 hr 및 시료에 대한 용매비 18.37 mL/g이었고, 유효성분 eleutheroside E에 대한 최적조건은 $81.16^{\circ}C$, 3.56 hr, 19.06 mL/g, 총 페놀성 화합물에 대한 최적조건은 $88.45^{\circ}C$, 4.33 hr, 21.12 mL/g 등으로 각각 나타났다. 각 변수에 대한 회귀식을 도출하여 공정 인자별 오가피의 총 추출수율, 유효성분 eleutheroside E와 chlorogenic acid 함량 및 항산화적 특성에 대한 최적추출조건을 superimposing한 결과, 추출온도 $81{\sim}88^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 $3.5{\sim}4.3hr$ 및 시료에 대한 용매비 $18{\sim}21mL/g$의 범위로 각각 예측되었다. 오가피의 유효성분과 항산화적 특성에 대한 열수추출조건의 예측값은 실제값과 유사하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.371-377
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• 1999

The effects of benzamidoxime concentration, solvents and temperature on the degree of metal extraction were investigated to apply benzamidoxime to heavy metal extraction as chelating agent. Benzamidoxime was synthesized from benzonitrile with hydroxylamine. The chemical structure of benzamidoxime was identified. The degree of heavy metal extraction was increased with increasing the concentration of benzamidoxime and decreasing the extraction temperature. Benzamidoxime was found to be an concentration of benzamidoxime and decreasing the extraction temperature. Benzamidoxime was found to be an effective extractant for Cu-extraction by benzene or chloroform. The relationship between the thermodynamic overall equilibrium constant and absolute temperature was expressed as log K = -5.56 ＋ $855T^{-1}$. Heat of extraction, $$\Delta$H^0$ were calculated from overall equilibrium constants at various temperature and the extraction reactionby benzamidoxime was found to be exthothermic.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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• pp.119-122
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• 2003

Quantitation methods of total petroleum hydrocarbons to determinate oil contaminated level in soil were discussed. Extraction characteristics of several pretreatment methods and practical detection limit and reappearances in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. with each pretreatment method were investigated. The obtained results showed that the newly adopted quantitation method and mechanical shaking extraction method using methanol with extraction solvent are more practical and applicable to real sample than the conventional methods. In applying these methods to gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil which are major source of soil contamination, the practical quantitation limit and % relative standard deviation was able to determine with range of 2.5 - 10 ppm, 5 - 7 ％.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.341-349
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• 2009

Natural grape extraction was extracted from grape component using diethyl ether as a solvent, and we tested various pharmaceutical and chemical characteristics of this extract. Characteristic experiments to use natural grape extract tested antimicrobial experiment using microbe in pharmaceutical material, and tested dye experiment using fiber in chemical material. From the result of characteristics experiment, some conclusions are obtained as follow. From the result of characteristics experiment, it obtained about 7.5%-grape extraction ratio as semi-solid state, and after dried in freezing from grape extract of semi-solid state, it obtained about 10%-grape extraction ratio as solid state of dark purple color. From result of antimicrobial experiment of grape extract, number of staphylococcus aureus (KCMC-01) and aspergillus niger (KCMC-02) in microbe decreased more and more according to time passage. This phenomenon showed that grape extract influences to antimicrobial effect. From the result of dye experiment of grape extract, it appeared in direction of dark purple color after dyed to use cotton and silk with fiber to control in pH 7.5. Specially the result which confirmed dye of fiber with optical electron microscope(OEM), we could know that it appears darker silk than cotton.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the extraction characteristics of the polysaccharide from Jeseng mushroom (Fomitopsis pinicola Jeseng). Yields of the polysaccharide extracted from powdered mushroom by autoclaving(120, 30 min) with water at different pH and salt concentration were 8.2～9.2% in pH 5～11, 4.7～5.5% in 1～5% salt solution, respectively. The yield by the 0.05～1.0 N KOH-extraction was ranged 3.45～13.20%, while that by HAS-extraction(homogenizing after KOH swelling) using 1～2.5 N KOH 73.6～78.4%. Content of carbohydrate, protein, lipid and ash of the crude polysaccharide extracted from fruits body and its cultured mycelium by method of water extraction, KOH extraction(0.005～1N) and HAS-extraction were ranged 86.5～92.6%, 2.3～13.1%, 0.1～4.2% and 0.1～1.7%, respectively. The polysaccharide were composed of 62.0～77.8 g/g of pentose, 138.0～187.8 g/g of hexose and 21.2～117.3 mg/g of protein. From these results, the polysaccharide extracted was supposed to be a protein-bound polysaccharide.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제14권E호
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• pp.27-40
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• 1998

The solubility characteristics of organic compounds were studied in terms of the extraction efficiency as a function of the polarity of the organic solvent, and the acidity of water in urban aerosol samples collected in University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, England. The extraction efficiency of organic compounds were evaluated with respect to the organic carbon, -nitrogen and -hydrogen by means of a wide range of solvent which include polar and nonpolar organic solvents as well as acids and alkaline water. In addition, after being dissolved in aqueous solution, the aqueous chemistry of organic compounds were studied in terms of the organic metal complexes in aerosol, which were studied with oxalic acid, copper, and zinc. The results of this study indicate that solubility characteristics of organic compounds depend on the polarity of the solvents and the acidity of the solvents. In particular, some organic compounds are water soluble, even though they are much smaller than acetone soluble fractions. In the comparison between polar organic solvent extraction and non- polar organic solvent extraction, it can be thought that significant fraction of organic compounds analysed in the aerosol samples, are polar organic compounds because of the higher extraction efficiencies of organic compounds in polar organic solvent extraction than in nonpolar organic solvent extraction. Regarding the study of the oxalic -metal complexes, it can be thought that most oxalic acids are present in the form of oxalic -copper complexes in the aerosols collected at UEA.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.753-759
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• 1998

In physical and reactive extraction of acrylic acid using various solvents the equilibrium characteristics of extraction were investigated. The degree of extraction in reactive extraction with Tri-n-octylamine(TOA) was 1.5~3 times than that in physical extraction. Distribution ratio was constant in methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK) and n-butylacetate(n-BAc) but was increased with increasing the concentration of acrylic acid in benzene and chloroform. It can be explained by formation of dimers. Maximum extraction leadings of acrylic acid were three in benzene and were two in MIBK, chloroform and n-BAc, and it was found that acrylic acid was extracted as the form of $A_3$R In benzene and $A_2R$ in MIBK, chloroform and n-BAc. In effect of solvent, the degree of extraction was increased as he difference of solubility parameter of solvent and solute was decreased, and as dielectric constant of solvent was increased.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.368-373
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 쌍화차의 품질 향상과 수율 증대를 위해 쌍화 추출물의 최적 추출조건을 설정하고, 설정된 조건으로 추출한 쌍화 추출물의 품질 특성의 차이를 확인하여 다류 제조에 필요한 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 추출조건에 따른 쌍화 추출물의 수율은 추출온도 9$0^{\circ}C$에서 추출용매의 주정농도가 50%일 때 그 수율이 가장 높았으며, 추출용매의 주정농도가 올라갈수록 추출 수율이 높게 나타났다. 추출온도 8$0^{\circ}C$와 9$0^{\circ}C$일 때 추출용매의 주정농도가 30%이상에서는 용매의 주정농도가 높아져도 수율의 증가가 둔화되는 경향을 보였는데, 주정농도가 높아질수록 생산원가가 높아져 제품의 경제성을 감안할 때 추출온도를 8$0^{\circ}C$이상으로 높일 경우 주정농도는 30%가 적정한 것으로 판단된다. 쌍화 추출물의 고형분의 함량은 추출온도가 올라 갈수록, 주정농도가 높을수록 대체로 고형분의 함량이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 유기산의 산도는 추출온도 60∼7$0^{\circ}C$에서 주정농도 50%일 때 각각 1.28%, 1.27%로 가장 높았으며, 주정함량의 증가에 따라 산도도 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 온도증가에는 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났지만 온도가 더욱 높아진 80∼9$0^{\circ}C$에서는 60∼7$0^{\circ}C$에서 나타난 현상과는 달리 산도가 증감을 반복하여 주정농도와 추출온도에 따른 변화는 일정하지 않았다. 추출물의 pH는 산도에서 나타났던 결과와는 반대의 경향을 보였는데, 이는 유기산 산도에 의한 pH 저하 현상으로 볼 수 있다. 쌍화 추출물의 물 불용성 침전물은 추출온도와 주정농도가 높을수록 물 불용성 침전물의 양이 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 주정농도가 30%이상에서 물 불용성 침전물의 양이 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났는데, 이 물질의 과다 발생은 품질과 수율 저하를 발생시킨다. 주정농도가 30%일 때 물 불용성 침전물이 추출온도 8$0^{\circ}C$ 및 9$0^{\circ}C$에서 각각 1.64%, 1.69%로 주정농도 30%이하에서 나타난 수치와 크게 차이가 없으므로 주정농도는 30%가 적정하다고 볼 수 있다. 비중은 추출온도와 주정농도와 관계없이 추출조건별 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과에서와 같이 쌍화추출물의 추출조건은 추출온도를 9$0^{\circ}C$로 하여 추출용매의 주정농도를 30%로 설정하는 것이 적정한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.320-327
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• 2013

The quality characteristics of Omija (Schizandra chinesis Baillon) extracts under various extraction temperatures and times were examined. The pH level of the extracts ranged from 3.35-3.47. The sugar and solid content of the samples significantly increased with increasing extraction temperatures and times (p<0.01). In contrast, the lightness of the extracts decreased with increasing extraction temperatures and times (p<0.001). In a palatability test, extracts boiled at $80^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes scored high in terms of color, flavor, turbidity, sourness, and overall acceptability. Hydroxy radical scavenging activity and polyphenol content of the extracts significantly increased with increasing extraction temperatures and times (p<0.01). Furthermore, direct correlations between hydroxy radical scavenging activity and polyphenol content (or flavonoid content) were established through simple regression (r>0.9) for different extraction temperatures and times. From these results, extracts boiled at $80^{\circ}C$ for 120 minutes is the best to product omija beverage considering functionality and sensory evaluation as well.