• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.13-31
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• 2016

Despite expectations of short- or long-term positive effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firm performance, the results of existing research into this relationship are inconsistent partly due to lack of clarity about subordinate CSR concepts. In this study, keywords related to CSR concepts are extracted from atypical sources, such as newspapers, using text mining techniques to examine the relationship between CSR and firm performance. The analysis is based on data from the New York Times, a major news publication, and Google Scholar. We used text analytics to process unstructured data collected from open online documents to explore the effects of CSR on short- and long-term firm performance. The results suggest that the CSR index computed using the proposed text - online media - analytics predicts long-term performance very well compared to short-term performance in the absence of any internal firm reports or CSR institute reports. Our study demonstrates the text analytics are useful for evaluating CSR performance with respect to convenience and cost effectiveness.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 2009

The crude polysaccharide fraction from fruit body of Auricularia auricula were obtained by using hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation. As the crude polysaccharide fraction contained the brownish dark colored compounds, the adsorption study of pigments from the crude polysaccharide using activated carbon was carried out. The pigment compounds showed an absorption characteristic with $\lambda_{max}$ of 230 nm and the absorbance at 230 nm was taken as color intensity. Adsorption capacity of pigment depended on increase of the activated carbon to sample loading ratio. The adsorption capacity increased with increase of pH and temperature in the pH range of 3.0-7.0 and temperature range of 25-40$^{\circ}C$, but decreased in the temperature range of 40-70$^{\circ}C$. The optimum capacity was obtained at addition of 16.7 mg activated carbon per mL sample solution (concentration = 3 mg/mL) at pH of 7.0 and temperature of 40$^{\circ}C$. Treatment for 10 min was sufficient to achieve the 80% decolorization and 1.25 fold purification of polysaccharide. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second-order kinetic model provided the best fitting for adsorption of the brownish dark colored compounds onto powdered active carbon. The activation energies of adsorption from the Langmuir isotherm parameter in the ranges of 25-40$^{\circ}C$ and 40-70$^{\circ}C$ was -2.54 and 4.38 kcal/g, respectively. The results of low activation energy also indicated that the adsorption process was a physical adsorption which was controlled by diffnsion.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.461-470
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• 1994

Sorption experiments of $^{60}$ Co, $^{85}$ Sr. and $^{137}$ Cs onto sandstone particles in a batch were carried out to investigate the migration mobility. Sorption kinetics and reversibility as well as sorption mechanisms were examined. Sorption reaction occurred mostly within 10 hours on the outer surface of the sandstone particle but diffusion into the inner surface of the mineral has still occurred after that time. In order to distinguish sorption types of radionuclides, a sequential chemical extraction was introduced. The sorbed radionuclides were then extracted by applying different solutions of synthetic groundwater, CaCl$_2$, KCl and KOX-HA Especially KCl is adopted to extract the ion-exchanged cesium. Sorption types considered are reversible sorption under groundwater condition, ion exchange, association with ferro-manganese oxides or oxyhydroxides, and irreversible fixation. Strontium sorbs onto the sandstone surface mainly by fast and reversible ion exchange reaction. However, cobalt and cesium do not sorb by simple process. The main sorptive binding of cobalt was the association with ferro-manganese oxides and the secondary one was irreversible fixation. Diffusion into the lattice of minerals controlled the sorption rate of cobalt The main sorptin type of cesium was irreversible fixation, while ion exchange reaction was the secondary importance. Hence the oreder of migration mobility for the three radionuclides was Sr$^{2＋}$ ＞ Co$^{2＋}$ ＞ Cs$^{＋}$ in the sandstones.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2010

Present studies were conducted to investigate the effects of autoclaving on antioxidant activities of Achillea alpina and Solodago virgurea. At early April, young leaves of 2 species were collected, subjected to autoclaving ($121^{\circ}C$, 1.2 atmospheric pressure, 15 minutes), freezed-dried, grinded, and extracted with 80% ethanol. The same process was repeated with unautoclaved control. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, scavenging activities on DPPH and ABTS radicals and ferrous ion chelating effects were analyzed. Extraction yield of autoclaved S. virgurea was 39.55% and A. alpina 28.15%. In both species, autoclaving significantly reduced scavenging activities on DPPH and ABTS radicals. On the contrary, ferrous ion chelating effects increased after autoclaving, especially in young leaves of A. alpina. Autoclaving resulted in decrease of polyphenol and flavonoid contents, especially in the A. alpina. The present experiments demonstrated that autoclaving had negative effects on antioxidant activities of A. alpina and S. virgurea, except in ferrous ion chelating effects. Young leaves of former species were unstable to heat treatment, resulting in big lose of antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.28-39
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• 2016

Struvite (MgNH₄PO₄ ⋅ 6H₂O) and hydroxyapatite (HAP, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) precipitation in urine-separating toilets (NoMix toilets) causes severe maintenance problems and also reduce the phosphate and calcium content. Application of urine separating technique and extraction of by-products from human urine is a cost effective technique in waste water treatment. In this study, we extract urine calcite from human urine by batch scale method, using urease producing microbes to trigger the precipitation and calcite formation process. Extracted urine calcite (calcining at 800℃) is a potential adsorbent for removal of heavy metal(loid)s like (Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺ and As³⁺) along with additional leaching analysis of total nitrogen (T-N), phosphate (T-P) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The transformations of calcite during synthesis were confirm by characterization using XRD, SEM-EDAX and FT-IR techniques. In additional, the phosphate leaching potential and adsorbate (nitrate) efficiency in aqueous solution was investigated using the calcinedurine calcite. The results indicate that the calcite was effectively remove heavy metal(loid)s lead up to 96.8%. In addition, the adsorption capacity (q_e) of calcite was calculated and it was found to be 203.64 Pb, 110.96 Cd, 96.02 Zn, 104.2 As, 149.54 Cu and 162.68 Ni mg/g, respectively. Hence, we suggest that the calcite obtain from the human urine will be a suitable absorbent for heavy metal(loid)s removal from aqueous solution.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.375-384
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• 2021

Deep learning techniques have been proven to have high performance in image processing and are applied in various fields. The most widely used methods for validating a deep learning model include a holdout verification method, a k-fold cross verification method, and a bootstrap method. These legacy methods consider the balance of the ratio between classes in the process of dividing the data set, but do not consider the ratio of various features that exist within the same class. If these features are not considered, verification results may be biased toward some features. Therefore, we propose a deep learning model validation method based on data feature coverage for image classification by improving the legacy methods. The proposed technique proposes a data feature coverage that can be measured numerically how much the training data set for training and validation of the deep learning model and the evaluation data set reflects the features of the entire data set. In this method, the data set can be divided by ensuring coverage to include all features of the entire data set, and the evaluation result of the model can be analyzed in units of feature clusters. As a result, by providing feature cluster information for the evaluation result of the trained model, feature information of data that affects the trained model can be provided.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.58-65
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• 2019

Automatic text summarization is a process of shortening a text document by either extraction or abstraction. The abstraction approach inspired by deep learning methods scaling to a large amount of document is applied in recent work. Abstractive text summarization involves utilizing pre-generated word embedding information. Low-frequent but salient words such as terminologies are seldom included to dictionaries, that are so called, out-of-vocabulary(OOV) problems. OOV deteriorates the performance of Encoder-Decoder model in neural network. In order to address OOV words in abstractive text summarization, we propose a copy mechanism to facilitate copying new words in the target document and generating summary sentences. Different from the previous studies, the proposed approach combines accurate pointing information and selective copy mechanism based on bidirectional RNN and bidirectional LSTM. In addition, neural network gate model to estimate the generation probability and the loss function to optimize the entire abstraction model has been applied. The dataset has been constructed from the collection of abstractions and titles of journal articles. Experimental results demonstrate that both ROUGE-1 (based on word recall) and ROUGE-L (employed longest common subsequence) of the proposed Encoding-Decoding model have been improved to 47.01 and 29.55, respectively.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.251-263
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the clinical research trends in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Korean medicine (KM). Methods: We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Google Scholar and five Korean databases through May 2019, for studies on KM to treat PTSD. Clinical research that conducted KM treatment of PTSD patients were included. Two researchers independently conducted study selection and data extraction process. Results: Totally, eight studies were included in this review. Types of traumatic events that patients experienced included physical violence/threatening, traffic accidents, sexual violence and personal tragic events. KM interventions performed included acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine, physical therapy, and KM-based psychotherapy. Treatment duration varied from two days to more than five months. Follow-up began at least one week to three months after the end of treatments. It was reported that the major psychological and/or somatic symptoms of PTSD, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, and musculoskeletal pain, subjectively improved, as well as other objective outcomes: Impact Event Scale-Revised Korean version (IES-R-K), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hwabyung Symptoms/characters, Electroencephalography (EEG) change, etc. Statistical studies were conducted in three studies only. Outcomes such as Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), BDI, and IES-R-K showed statistically significant improvement after KM treatments. There was no study reporting adverse events during or after the interventions. Conclusions: According to this review, diverse types of KM treatments have been used among PTSD patients in eight studies. The KM treatments effectively improved psychological and somatic symptoms of PTSD patients. However, the lack of high quality research as well as the lack of standardization of KM treatments for PTSD are limitations. Further methodologically robust clinical trials should be performed, and the standardization of KM treatments for PTSD should be sought.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.326-331
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• 2017

A cultivar (Malus domestica cv. Fuji) of apple was selected to make apple peel (AP) powder by three different powdering methods. Frozen AP was thawed and subsequently was dried or ground without drying. After AP was dried by hot-air drying at $60^{\circ}C$ or freeze-drying, the dried AP was ground using a conventional blender. Separately, the thawed AP was powered by using a cryogenic micro grinding technology (CMGT). The ground AP and three types of AP powder were extracted using deionized water, 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100% methanol, followed by vacuum evaporation. The total phenolics contents (TPC), total flavonoids contents (TFC), DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging capacities of each extract were compared to determine an efficient powdering method. Lyophilized AP powder extract using 60% methanol showed the highest TPC and DPPH radical scavenging capacity. In contrast, 60% methanol extract of the powder by CMGT, resulting in the smallest particle, exhibited the highest TFC and ABTS radical scavenging capacity. This study suggests that the extraction yield of bioactive compounds from AP may be varied according to different powdering methods and that a new powdering process such as CMGT may be applicable to develop functional foods efficiently.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.738-752
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• 2021

This study was to applied QIMS(Qualitative Interpretive Meta-Synthesis) which was newly introduced in the field of social science recently to explore the client violence experience and coping in the social workers in a new way and in depth. The integrated analysis of the results of qualitative individual studies published in Korea so far has resulted in abundant results with accumulated knowledge and synergistic understanding paths of existing research results, and the limitations of qualitative research have been overcome. Eight published papers from 2013 to 2020 were included in the final analysis, and a total of 85 social workers analyzed the statements. The newly important themes created through the process of reducing the scope of data and the repetition of theme extraction and integration were divided into four categories: (1) violence and pain that can not be removed, (2) duality experienced as a result of occupation, (3) continuous attempts to change, (4) manifestation of sense of duty and job meaning. Based on the results of the integrated themes derived from this study, this study aims to present practical and policy alternatives to the prevention and coping of client violence experienced by social workers in various social welfare practice fields.