• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was aimed to compare Gyejibokryeong-hwan (GBH) decoctions produced using different pressure levels for various extraction times to find the optimal extraction conditions through extraction yield, total soluble solids content (TSSC), hydrogen ion concentration (pH), and the contents of chemical compounds. Methods : Decoctions of GBH were prepared under the pressure levels of 0 or $1kgf/cm^2$ for 30-180 min using water as extraction solvent. The extraction yield, TSSC, and pH were measured, and the amounts of the chemical compounds were determined using high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. Results : The higher pressure and longer extraction time increased the values of TSSC and extraction yield, while decreased the pH value. The decoctions produced in 180 min by pressurized method and produced in 150 min by non-pressurized method showed maximum values of extraction yield and TSSC with minimum value of pH. The amounts of chemical compounds showed variations in pressurized and non-pressurized decoction during overall extraction times. The influences of pressure and extraction time on extraction yield, TSSC, pH, and the contents of chemical compounds were confirmed by regression analysis, which showed that all extraction values were significantly affected by at least one of two extraction factors, pressure and extraction time. Conclusions : This study suggests that the pressure and extraction time can significantly affect the extraction efficiency of components from GBH decoctions. However, optimal extraction conditions could not be chosen due to the variation of the amounts of chemical compounds.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.79-82
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• 2005

Recently the necessity of road data is still being increased in industrial society, so there are many repairing and new constructions of roads at many areas. According to the development of government, city and region, the update and acquisition of road data for GIS (Geographical Information System) is very necessary. In this study, the fusion method with range data(3D Ground Coordinate System Data) and Intensity data in stand alone LiDAR data is used for road extraction and then digital image processing method is applicable. Up to date Intensity data of LiDAR is being studied. This study shows the possibility method for road extraction using Intensity data. Intensity and Range data are acquired at the same time. Therefore LiDAR does not have problems of multi-sensor data fusion method. Also the advantage of intensity data is already geocoded, same scale of real world and can make ortho-photo. Lastly, analysis of quantitative and quality is showed with extracted road image which compare with I: 1,000 digital map.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.1062-1067
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• 2005

This paper discusses a skeleton feature extraction method for ubiquitous robot system. The skeleton features are used to analyze human motion and pose estimation. In different conventional feature extraction environment, the ubiquitous robot system requires more robust feature extraction method because it has internal vibration and low image quality. The new hybrid silhouette extraction method and adaptive skeleton model are proposed to overcome this constrained environment. The skin color is used to extract more sophisticated feature points. Finally, the experimental results show the superiority of the proposed method.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.433-438
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose the robust features extraction method of human by using the skeleton model and hybrid silhouette model. The proposed feature extraction method is divided by hands, shoulder line and elbow region extraction. We use the peer's color information to find the position of hands and propose the circle detection method to extract the shoulder line and elbow. Finally, we show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method through some experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.31B no.2
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• pp.28-34
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• 1994

In this paper, a new time-domain parameter extraction method for speech recognition is proposed. The suggested emthod is based on the fact that the local peak-to-peak interval, i.e., the interval between maxima and minima of speech waveform is closely related to the frequency component of the speech signal. The parameterization is achieved by a sort of filter bank technique in the time domain. To test the proposed parameter extraction emthod, an isolated word recognizer based on Vector Quantization and Hidden Markov Model was constructed. As a test material, 22 words spoken by ten males were used and the recognition rate of 92.9% was obtained. This result leads to the conclusion that the new parameter extraction method can be used for speech recognition system. Since the proposed method is processed in the time domain, the real-time parameter extraction can be implemented in the class of personal computer equipped onlu with an A/D converter without any DSP board.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.55-68
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• 1998

In this paper, a novel method of noise reduction of speech based on a complex adaptive noise canceler and method of optimal feature extraction are proposed. This complex adaptive noise canceler needs simply the noise detection, and LMS algorithm used to calculate the adaptive filter coefficient. The method of optimal feature extraction requires the variance of noise. The experimental results have shown that the proposed method effectively reduced noise in noisy speech. Optimal feature extraction has shown similar characteristics in noise-free speech.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 2012

Pb-contaminated soil at a clay shooting range was analyzed by the sequential extraction method to identify metal binding properties in terms of detrital and non-detrital forms of the soil. Most of the metals in the soils existed as non-detrital forms, exchangeable and carbonate-bound forms, which could be easily released from the soil by a washing method. Therefore, the characteristics of Pb desorption for remediation of the Pb-contaminated soil were evaluated using hydrochloric acid (HCl) by a washing method. Batch experiments were performed to identify the factors influencing extraction efficiency. The effects of the solid to liquid (S/L) ratio (1:2, 1:3, and 1:4), soil particle size, and extraction time on the removal capacity of Pb by HCl were evaluated. Soil samples were collected from two different areas: a slope area (SA) and a land area (LA) at the field. As results, the optimal conditions at 2.8 to 0.075 mm of particle size were 1:3 of the S/L ratio and 10 min of extraction time for SA, and 1:4 of the S/L ratio and 5 min of extraction time for LA. The characteristics of Pb desorption were adequately described by two-reaction kinetic models.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.586-592
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• 1999

Microwave assisted extraction(MAE) is known as a more environmental friendly process with economic advantages in terms of less time, less solvent, less energy and less wastes than the current time consuming reflux method. It was applied to develop a rapid extraction method for soluble ginseng components that are major materials used for the processing of ginseng products. In a comparative study between pre established MAE(ethanol 60%, power 80 W, process time 4 min$\times$5) and current extraction method(ethanol 80%, temp. 85oC, time 8 hr$\times$5), MAE was more efficient than the current method to obtain an extract yield(soluble solid), but it was insufficient to extract individual ginsenosides, total phenols, reducing components and acidic polysaccharides. MAE with 80% ethanol by 5 times showed, however, that its extraction efficiency on soluble solid, crude saponin, major ginsenosides, and the other components was equal or superior to that of the current method, indicating that ethanol concentration is one of the critical parameters influencing the MAE process. The quality of ginseng extracts from MAE was assured by evaluating the corresponding standards and by comparing TLC and HPLC patterns with the control.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.24-30
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• 2012

This study compared Ojeok-san (Wuji-san in Chinese) decoctions produced using different extraction methods for variable times. Decoctions were extracted in pressurized or non-pressurized conditions for 60, 120, and 180 mins. We investigated the Ojeok-san extract yield, the total soluble solid content, the hydrogen ion concentration (pH), and the reference compound content. The extract yield and the total soluble solid content were higher in decoctions produced by non-pressurized extraction; both were proportional to the extraction time. The pH tended to decrease as the extraction time was increased in decoctions produced using both methods. After 60 and 180 mins, the levels of albiflorin, paeoniflorin, nodakenin, naringin, and neohesperidin were significantly higher in decoctions extracted using the non-pressurized method compared with those extracted using the pressurized method. After 120 mins, only cinnamaldehyde was extracted in a greater amount in pressurized decoctions compared with non-pressurized decoctions. The levels of paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, nodakenin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, and glycyrrhizin increased with time in non-pressurized decoctions. This study showed that the use of pressurized and non-pressurized extraction methods for different times affected the composition of Ojeoksan (Wuji-san) decoctions.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.237-248
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• 1995

The simultaneous analysis of 16 organic pesticides, which are listed as a part of 129 priority pollutants by EPA(Environmental Protection Agency), was performed by GC-ECD(electron capture detector) and GC/MS-SIM(selected ion monitoring). Two extraction procedures from SW-846, sonication extraction and Soxhlet extraction, were somewhat modified and compared as an extraction and concentration method for the analysis of priority pollutants in soil. Accuracy and precision of the methods were reported from the calculation of mean recovery, mean relative standard deviation, and method detection limit.