• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.4 s.131
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• pp.364-371
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• 2002

Yew (Taxus cuspidata Sibe) selected cultivation as drug, food and decorative plant in Gyong-gi province in Korea. To extract the water soluble active ingredients, as a extracting method, there was extracted with 20g of dried seeds with each 20g of butylene glycol(BG) and propylene glycol(PG), and 40 mL of water mixing 72 hours at $40{\pm}5^{\circ}C$, and then they were filtrated by 400 mesh. Appearance of extract of seeds was pale brown, $pH=4.5{\pm}0.5$, $gravity=1.013{\pm}0.05$, a reflective $index=1.373{\pm}0.05$, and yield=75%. Also, to extract the high purity oil from seeds, it minutely pulverized the dried seeds and added the hexane, mixing 2 hours at $20{\pm}57^{\circ}C$. And then, this filtrated it with 400-mesh. It got the purified oil through evaporating them at $55^{\circ}C$ during under vacuum. As the results, appearance was slightly brown, gravity=0.922 acid value=0.12, saponification value=192, and it should be obtained the $40{\pm}5%$ of yield. As the efficacy evalution of cosmetic field, the antioxidative activities by NBT method were stronger 86.0% from extract of talus seeds than 52.0% from green tea extract and 35.0% from skullcap extract as well as the antioxidative activities by DPPH method were stronger 93.7% from extract of seed than 60.3% from extract of green tea and 27.1% from extract of skullcap. These are more effective than other plant extracts. The collagen synthesis rate on the activating fibroblast for Taxus cuspidata Sibe extract showed 35.43%. As the activity of the skin elasticity, PPE(porcine pancreatic elastase)-inhibitory activities of talus extract was 50.8%. Anti-inflammatory activity was more effective to be taken 41.1% of taxus seed oil than 24.2% of steady glycyrrhetinate (SG) as a control.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.spc
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• pp.84-88
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• 2008

This study was carried out to develop the methods for efficient extracting and stabilization of anthocyanin pigments in black colored soybean. The optimum solvent concentration for the highest pigment extraction from seed coat of black colored soybean was 60% MeOH with 0.1% HCl in laboratory test. The higher temperature of the solvent until $60^{\circ}C$ led to better extraction efficiency of anthocyanin. The anthocyanin extracts maintained almost its stability in strong acidity area whereas it destroyed markedly over pH 4. Also anthocyanin extracts was stable for a while under weak light condition, but it showed rapid degradation of pigment color and markedly decreased HPLC value for anthocyanin content after one month storage days. In case storage temperature and instrument, glass vessel on low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$) was good storage condition among some treatments. And C3G was more stable than other pigments.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2020

When extracting semi-volatile components of herbal medicines using hot water vapor, some substances may react with water vapor or oxygen, and some volatile substances may be lost, when using an organic solvent extraction method has the disadvantage that it may contain a non-volatile material and residual organic solvent. In addition, it is inefficient to separate semi-volatile substances from herbal medicines into each single component and conduct biological activity research for each component to determine the effective ingredient, and some components may be lost in the separation process. In this study, semi-volatile substances evaporated under two pressure-reduced conditions in Chinese herbal medicines such as Cnidii Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix and Amomum Fructus were separated by cooling with liquid nitrogen. Those were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the components, and this method may be used to study biological activities at the cellular level. The substances separated under reduced pressure, essential oil obtained by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) method and substances by using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) from Cnidii Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix and Amomum Fructus were analyzed by GC-MS. In the case of Cnidii Rhizoma and Aucklandiae Radix, there were some differences among the essential oil components obtained by SDE and those identified by low temperature capture (CT) and SPME method, these were believed to be produced by some volatiles reacting with water or oxygen at the boiling point temperature of water.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.325-338
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• 2012

Currently, there are the technologically urgent needs of fabricating the hyper coal (HC) based on the approach to extracting mainly effective organics from low rank coals (LRCs), because some industrial countries pursue global sustainability dealing with hot issues such as local energy supply security as well as global warming. In this study, as of the fabrication of clean HCs via LRCs upgrading, we comprehensively review the R&D status of two solvent extraction technologies, namely, Ohm heating (OH) and microwave irradiation (MI) extraction processes on the basis of the performance indicator such as a HC extraction yield.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.48-54
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• 2005

Solvent extraction and chemical reduction experiments have been performed to separate iron and nickel from a spent FeCl$_3$ etching solution and to recover nickel metal. It was possible to separate iron and nickel by extracting the spent solution with Alamine336. At the O/A ratio of 7:1, iron extraction percentage of 99% was obtained. In the stripping of the loaded organic with 0.01 M HCl solution, iron stripping percentage of 99% was obtained when the A/O ratio was 7:1. When the pH of the raffinate was controlled to be 10.5, nickel metal powder with 99% purity was obtained by using hydrazine as a reducing agent at 100$^{\circ}C$. A process was suggested to recover nickel metal from the spent FeCl$_3$ solution and to regenerate etching solution.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.400-404
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• 2009

With the aim of using Bokbunja byproducts as natural pigments, characteristics of extracts were investigated after application of different extraction conditions. Total optical density (TOD) of pigment extracts was greatest (9.51 units) when 80% (v/v) ethanol was used as solvent. The polyphenol content was greatest when 40% (v/v) ethanol was used and tended to decrease with higher concentrations of ethanol. The TOD values were increased when citric or lactic acid was added to extracting solvents. Polyphenols were effectively extracted by solvent containing ascorbic acid. As the level of byproducts increased with different extraction procedures, TOD and polyphenol content of byproducts tended to decrease. More than 90% of anthocyanin pigments and polyphenols could be obtained using two extractions with 40% (v/v) ethanol.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.443-450
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• 2008

Efficient use of low rank coals (LRC) have been investigated as a method to cope with recent high oil price. Among the coals used in industry, lignite and sub-bituminous coals are belong to the LRC, and have abundant deposit and are distributed worldwide, but high moisture contents and self ignition properties inhibits their utilization. In this paper, chemical coal cleaning to produce ash-free coal from LRC has been investigated. Two technologies, that is, UCC(Ultra Clean Coal) process removing ash from coal and Hyper Coal process extracting combustibles from coal were compared with. UCC process has merits of simple and reliable when it compared with Hyper Coal process, but the remaining ash contents werehigher than Hyper Coal. Hyper Coal has ash contents under the 200ppm when raw coal is treated with appropriate solvent and ion exchange materials to remove alkali materials in extracted solution. The ash-free coal which is similar grade with oil can be used as alternate oil in the industry, and also used as a high grade fuel for IGCC, IGFC and other advanced combustion technology.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.413-416
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• 2010

In this research, root extracts of Nelumbo nucifera was tested to see the possibility for functional cosmetic agent. 70-100% ethanol was used as solvent and nuciferin was confirmed as active component. To test cosmetic effect of root extracts of Nelumbo nucifera, safety effect(MTT assay), anti-wrinkle effect(elastase inhibition assay) and antioxidation effect(DPPH free radical scavenging assay) were measured. When 100% ethanol was used as extracting solvent, cell viability was over 80% at $100{\mu}g/ml$, which indicated that root extract of Nelumbo nucifera was suitable for cosmetic agent. Root extract of Nelumbo nucifera showed 40~50% elastase inhibition at $100{\mu}g/ml$ so that it had good anti-wrinkle characteristics. 50% antioxidation capacity($FSC_{50}$) was $5.0{\sim}38{\mu}g/ml$ and root extract of Nelumbo nucifera showed excellent antioxidation effect. From the research, root extracts of Nelumbo nucifera showed strong possibility for anti-wrinkle functional cosmetic agent.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.482-488
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• 2001

Platinum group metals (pgm) are useful to many industries such as chemical, dental and medical, petroleum, refining, electrical and electronic, and automotive. Researchers at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology and PGM Recovery Ltd. have developed jointly an environmentally sound and metallurgically efficient process for extracting these metals from secondary sources. Once these metals have been dissolved in the leach liquor, the individual metals mainly platinum, palladium, and rhodium, should be separated in order to recover the individual metals with high purity. During this investigation, solvent extraction has been chosen as the method used to achieve the separation and extraction of platinum, palladium, and rhodium from the leach liquor. There were three solutions used throughout this procedure: 1) Synthetic solution (200 ppm Pt 80 ppm Pd 20 ppm Rh; 300 ppm Pt, 180 ppm Pd 50 ppm Rh), and 2) Auto catalyst leach liquors (100 ppm Pt, 30 ppm Pd, 20 ppm Rh). The solvents investigated included Lix 84(2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetonphenone oxime in a mixture with 5-dodecylsalicyloxime), Lix 84-I, ACORGA CLX-50 (diester of pyridine 3,5 dicarboxylic acid), and di-hexyl sulfide. The extraction values achieved using ACORGA CLX-50, Lix 84, and Lix 84-I were respectively Pt (25%, 0% 0%), Pd (100%, 99.8%, 95.3%), and Rh (99.1%, 35.5%, 4.25%). The stripping processes for the Lix 84, and Lix 84-I were proven to be more involved than others. The solutions were required to be simultaneously heated and stirred. The percentages acquired through these processes yielded unsatisfactory results. The stripping procedure for the ACORGA CLX-50 was easier to execute, yet the percentage recovered from this process was also unsatisfactory. Overall the di-hexyl sulfide has proved to be the most successful organic for this procedure. The average percent extracted for palladium was excellent with 99.9% - 100% with very little Platinum and rhodium extracted. The ability of stripping palladium in ammonia solution was also found to be excellent.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.23-36
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• 2000

Hurdle technique was used to remove cholesterol efficiently from liquid egg yolk. The quality of the low cholesterol egg products from the process were evaluated. From the 75 % cholesterol reduced egg yolk through $\beta$-cyclodextrin treatment. 2 times weight of soy bean oil was added to the egg yolk and homogenized followed by centrifuged to be maximized to remove cholesterol. When the pH of the yolk was adjusted to 9, 92 % of cholesterol was removed while 95.4 % of cholesterol was removed when 3 times weight of soy bean oil was added to the egg yolk. As the results of application of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction to the 75 % cholesterol reduced egg yolk through ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin treatment, 92.5 % of the cholesterol was removed from the egg yolk at $35^{\circ}C$, 4,500 psi, for 4 hours under co-solvent. The quality characteristics of the produced low cholesterol egg products were analysed. The cholesterol reduced egg yolk produced from ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin and soy bean oil treatment showed the lower emulsion capacity compared with control. The fatty acid composition of the cholesterol reduced egg yolk produced from ${\bet}a$-cyclodextrin and soy bean oil treatment showed increased C18:2 and C18:3 compared with control while decreased C16:1 and C18: 1 compared with control. The saponification method with extracting solvent of hexane showed that cholesterol concentration was 28.1 %. The quantity of hydrolysis solution(95 % ethanol : 33 % KOH = 94 : 6) was varied from 40 to 80 times of sample weights and the cholesterol concentration of 35.7 % was the highest result in the 60 times(v/w) hydrolysis solution. Cholesterol concentration of 35.7 % was recovered at the first trial with saponification method. but it could be improved up to 95.7 % after 4 times repetitive purification.